Synaptic Plasticity and the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cells of the Nervous System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 November 2025 | Viewed by 717

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
Interests: development; behavioral neuroscience; neuroanatomy

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Guest Editor
IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
Interests: neurodegeneration; behavioral neuroscience; transcriptomics; learning

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Guest Editor Assistant
Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
Interests: behavioral neuroscience; neuroanatomy; dendritic spines; fear memory

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Learning and memory are fundamental brain functions allowing us to adapt to the environment and improve performance over time, and, ultimately, build up our own history as unique creatures. Learning and memory functions require modification of neural networks through the key mechanism of synaptic plasticity, the process in which the strength of synapses is altered in response to the pattern of activity. Namely, while learning brings about changes in synaptic strength within neuronal circuits, the persistence of these changes represents the way memories are stored. The synaptic modification and sculpting of neuronal connections in response to environmental inputs are crucial steps in the chain of cellular and biochemical events that lead to memories formed in cell assemblies and neural networks. Synaptic modifications of neural networks are what account for the cognitive basis of learning and memory. In fact, various forms of memory (short- and long-term memory, implicit and declarative memory) and learning (visual, kinesthetic, social, observational) are encoded as short-to-long lived rearrangements in synaptic efficiency and in the structure of neuronal networks and share a common molecular alphabet. Notwithstanding, in mammals, various brain areas participate in distinct forms of memory, and the cellular and molecular mechanisms are closely similar and utilize elements of a common genetic program. The present Special Issue is aimed at examining the synaptic plastic mechanisms underlying various forms of memory and learning. Although many data have partially elucidated the physiological mechanisms at synapse and network levels, many questions remain open about the relationship among the intracellular biochemical processes, the plasticity of neuronal networks, and learning and memory processes.

Dr. Anna Panuccio
Dr. Erica Berretta
Dr. Laura Petrosini
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • learning and memory
  • neuronal and glial cells
  • long-term potentiation and long-term depression
  • molecular mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

19 pages, 7023 KiB  
Article
Modulation of Neurexins Alternative Splicing by Cannabinoid Receptors 1 (CB1) Signaling
by Elisa Innocenzi, Giuseppe Sciamanna, Alice Zucchi, Vanessa Medici, Eleonora Cesari, Donatella Farini, David J. Elliott, Claudio Sette and Paola Grimaldi
Cells 2025, 14(13), 972; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14130972 - 25 Jun 2025
Abstract
Synaptic plasticity is the key mechanism underlying learning and memory. Neurexins are pre-synaptic molecules that play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity, interacting with many different post-synaptic molecules in the formation of neural circuits. Neurexins are alternatively spliced at different splice sites, yielding [...] Read more.
Synaptic plasticity is the key mechanism underlying learning and memory. Neurexins are pre-synaptic molecules that play a pivotal role in synaptic plasticity, interacting with many different post-synaptic molecules in the formation of neural circuits. Neurexins are alternatively spliced at different splice sites, yielding thousands of isoforms with different properties of interaction with post-synaptic molecules for a quick adaptation to internal and external inputs. The endocannabinoid system also plays a central role in synaptic plasticity, regulating key retrograde signaling at both excitatory and inhibitory synapses. This study aims at elucidating the crosstalk between alternative splicing of neurexin and the endocannabinoid system in the hippocampus. By employing an ex vivo hippocampal system, we found that pharmacological activation of cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) with the specific agonist ACEA led to reduced neurotransmission, associated with increased expression of the Nrxn1–3 spliced isoforms excluding the exon at splice site 4 (SS4−). In contrast, treatment with the CB1 antagonist AM251 increased glutamatergic activity and promoted the expression of the Nrxn variants including the exon (SS4+) Knockout of the involved splicing factor SLM2 determined the suppression of the exon splicing at SS4 and the expression only of the SS4+ variants of Nrxns1–3 transcripts. Interestingly, in SLM2 ko hippocampus, modulation of neurotransmission by AM251 or ACEA was abolished. These findings suggest a direct crosstalk between CB1-dependent signaling, neurotransmission and expression of specific Nrxns splice variants in the hippocampus. We propose that the fine-tuned regulation of Nrxn13 genes alternative splicing may play an important role in the feedback control of neurotransmission by the endocannabinoid system. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Synaptic Plasticity and the Neurobiology of Learning and Memory)
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