Study on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells—2nd Edition

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 January 2026 | Viewed by 347

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
Interests: heart failure; ischemic cardiomyopathy; cardiac regeneration and repair
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are a group of multipotent cells of mesodermal origin. They were originally obtained from bone marrow, although MSC-like cells were subsequently derived from other tissues, including the placenta, umbilical cord, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and corneal stroma. Despite being used in hundreds of clinical trials, their retrospective derivation in culture poses challenges in understanding their anatomical identity, phenotype, tissue localization, and biological functions. Although differentiation in specific lineages can avail the stem cell characteristics of MSCs contributing to tissue regeneration, MSCs via paracrine and juxtracrine mechanisms mediated by immunomodulatory and growth factors pinpoint crucial reparative mechanisms.

The therapeutic value of MSCs is being explored in a variety of diseases, including immunological inflammatory and degenerative diseases as well as cancer. Despite some setbacks, MSCs have emerged as one of the most promising sources for cell-based cardiac regenerative and reparative therapy. At present, there is a need to discern the characteristics of tissue-specific MSCs and harmonize the methods and definitions for these cells. Likewise, novel approaches (genetic engineering and physical therapy) have been developed to enhance the use of MSCs in the treatment of various diseases.

This Special Issue will focus on different aspects of human mesenchymal stem cells, including molecular, gene, application, therapy, etc. We welcome original reviews, research articles, communications, and technical notes on human mesenchymal stem cells.

Dr. Michela Noseda
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • mesenchymal stem cells
  • disease
  • cardiac
  • therapy

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

20 pages, 11006 KB  
Article
Placental-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Triggers Lipid Metabolism in a Rat Model Thioacetamide-Induced Ovarian Disease via Increased CPT1A Expression for Mitochondrial Dynamics
by Hyeri Park, Jun Hyeong You, Jin Seok, Dae Hyun Lee, Hankyu Lee and Gi Jin Kim
Cells 2025, 14(24), 1932; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14241932 - 5 Dec 2025
Abstract
Lipid accumulation disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, leading to dysfunctional energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ovarian function in therapeutic contexts is still not fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to demonstrate whether increased carnitine [...] Read more.
Lipid accumulation disrupts mitochondrial dynamics, leading to dysfunctional energy metabolism and increased oxidative stress. However, the relationship between mitochondrial dynamics and ovarian function in therapeutic contexts is still not fully elucidated. Therefore, the objective of this study was to demonstrate whether increased carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A) expression induced by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) improves ovarian function in ovaries of a lipid toxicity-induced rat model by regulating lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics. A rat model of injury was induced through intraperitoneal administration of thioacetamide (TAA) for 12 weeks. During the 8th week of induction, PD-MSCs (2 × 106 cells) were transplanted via the tail vein. Initially, we examined the engraftment of PD-MSCs. The inflammatory response (e.g., IL-6, TNFα) and apoptosis (e.g., LDH levels, TUNEL assay) were significantly increased in the non-transplanted (NTx) group compared to the normal group; however, they were significantly decreased in the transplanted (Tx) group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Additionally, oxidative stress was attenuated through the regulation of mitochondrial dynamics, including the expression of DRP1, ATP5B, and PGC1α, in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). In the NTx group, abnormally accumulated lipid droplets were observed due to dysfunctional mitochondria, whereas in the Tx group, the accumulation of lipid droplets and the expression of CPT1A were significantly comparable to those in the normal group (* p < 0.05). The levels of the steroidogenesis markers (e.g., CYP11A1 and HSD3β1) were decreased in the NTx group compared to the normal group and increased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). The levels of sex hormone and follicular development were protected in the Tx group compared to the NTx group. Furthermore, cocultivation of PD-MSCs with etomoxir (CPT1A inhibitor)-treated primary theca cells increased the expression of steroidogenesis. In conclusion, PD-MSCs improve ovarian function in TAA-induced injury by reducing lipid accumulation and oxidative stress through the regulation of lipid metabolism and mitochondrial dynamics. The upregulation of CPT1A and related mitochondrial proteins contributes to enhanced steroidogenesis and restoration of ovarian homeostasis. These findings offer new insights into the application of stem cell therapies for reproductive medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Study on Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells—2nd Edition)
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