Glial Cells in Aging Neuroscience

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Cellular Aging".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 2435

Special Issue Editor


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Glial Cell Biology Group, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde (i3S), Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
Interests: microglia; RhoGTPases; synaptic plasticity; neurodegeneration; cytoskeleton; redox balance
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are excited to announce a forthcoming Special Issue of Cells titled "Glial Cells in Aging Neuroscience". As the nervous system ages, glial cells—comprising astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells—play crucial roles in maintaining homeostasis, protecting neurons, and modulating neuroinflammation. Understanding the dynamic changes in glial cell function and interactions during aging is essential in deciphering the underlying mechanisms of age-related neurological diseases and in developing therapeutic strategies.

Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells, maintain the blood–brain barrier, regulate blood flow, and provide metabolic support to neurons. Due to aging, astrocytes undergo morphological and functional changes that can influence neuroinflammation and neuronal health. Oligodendrocytes are responsible for the formation and maintenance of myelin sheaths, which insulate axons and ensure efficient neural transmission. An age-related decline in oligodendrocyte function can lead to demyelination and cognitive impairments. Microglia are the resident immune cells in the central nervous system and are involved in monitoring and responding to injury and disease. With aging, microglia exhibit altered activation states that can contribute to chronic inflammation and neurodegeneration. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and the central canal of the spinal cord, playing a role in cerebrospinal fluid production and circulation. Aging can affect ependymal cell function, impacting neurogenesis and brain homeostasis.

A critical aspect of aging neuroscience is the intricate crosstalk between different glial cell types. Glial–glial interactions are essential in maintaining brain homeostasis and responding to pathological conditions. For instance, astrocytes and microglia interact to modulate inflammatory responses, while oligodendrocytes and astrocytes collaborate to ensure effective myelination. These interactions become increasingly complex and are often dysregulated with age, contributing to the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying glial–glial crosstalk and how aging affects these processes is vital in identifying potential therapeutic targets.

This Special Issue aims to collect cutting-edge research on the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which aging impacts glial cells, their interactions with neurons, and their roles in neurodegenerative diseases. We invite researchers to submit original research articles and reviews that explore these topics using advanced methodologies and innovative approaches.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Glial cell senescence and dysfunction;
  • Neuroinflammation and aging;
  • Glial-neuronal interactions in aging;
  • Glial–glial crosstalk in aging;
  • Molecular pathways and signaling in aged glial cells;
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting glial cells in age-related diseases.

We believe that this Special Issue will provide a comprehensive overview of current advancements and stimulate further research in the field of glial cell biology in the neuroscience of aging. We look forward to reading your contributions.

Dr. Renato Socodato
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • glial cells
  • aging
  • neuroinflammation
  • neurodegeneration
  • glial–neuronal interactions
  • glial–glial crosstalk
  • astrocytes
  • oligodendrocytes
  • microglia
  • ependymal cells

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 867 KiB  
Review
From Genetics to Neuroinflammation: The Impact of ApoE4 on Microglial Function in Alzheimer’s Disease
by Daniela Dias, Camila Cabral Portugal, João Relvas and Renato Socodato
Cells 2025, 14(4), 243; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14040243 - 7 Feb 2025
Viewed by 1996
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, impacting millions of people around the world. The apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele is the most prominent genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, dramatically increasing disease susceptibility and [...] Read more.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a debilitating neurodegenerative disorder marked by progressive cognitive decline and memory loss, impacting millions of people around the world. The apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele is the most prominent genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, dramatically increasing disease susceptibility and accelerating onset compared to its isoforms ApoE2 and ApoE3. ApoE4’s unique structure, which arises from single-amino-acid changes, profoundly alters its function. This review examines the critical interplay between ApoE4 and microglia—the brain’s resident immune cells—and how this relationship contributes to AD pathology. We explore the molecular mechanisms by which ApoE4 modulates microglial activity, promoting a pro-inflammatory state, impairing phagocytic function, and disrupting lipid metabolism. These changes diminish microglia’s ability to clear amyloid-beta peptides, exacerbating neuroinflammation and leading to neuronal damage and synaptic dysfunction. Additionally, ApoE4 adversely affects other glial cells, such as astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, further compromising neuronal support and myelination. Understanding the ApoE4–microglia axis provides valuable insights into AD progression and reveals potential therapeutic targets. We discuss current strategies to modulate ApoE4 function using small molecules, antisense oligonucleotides, and gene editing technologies. Immunotherapies targeting amyloid-beta and ApoE4, along with neuroprotective approaches to enhance neuronal survival, are also examined. Future directions highlight the importance of personalized medicine based on individual ApoE genotypes, early biomarker identification for risk assessment, and investigating ApoE4’s role in other neurodegenerative diseases. This review emphasizes the intricate connection between ApoE4 and microglial dysfunction, highlighting the necessity of targeting this pathway to develop effective interventions. Advancing our understanding in this area holds promise for mitigating AD progression and improving outcomes for those affected by this relentless disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Glial Cells in Aging Neuroscience)
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