Carbon Dioxide Utilization: From Homogeneous to Heterogeneous Catalysis

A special issue of Catalysts (ISSN 2073-4344). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Catalysis".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2022) | Viewed by 58086

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State Key Laboratory of Advanced Technology for Materials Synthesis and Processing, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430000, China
Interests: organometallics; metal-organic frameworks; porous organic polymers; electrocatalysis; photocatalysis; thermocatalysis; reaction mechanisms; metal-organic framework derivatives; clean energy technologies; environmental applications; water splitting; fuel cells; organic catalysis; CO2 capture
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

With modern industry development, carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted increasing attention for its unignorable influence on the greenhouse effect. In synthetic chemistry, CO2 is considered an ideal C1 source for its merits, such as nontoxicity, economy, renewability, and abundance. Because CO2 is a stable molecule, transforming it into a different molecule is usually energy-intensive, costly, and requires excellent catalysts. Based on this, the transformation of CO2 into organics using homogeneous catalysts has become an up-and-coming area in modern green and sustainable chemistry. Numerous strategies have been developed to utilize CO2 for the synthesis of valuable chemicals effectively.

Moreover, heterogeneous catalysts are also intensively investigated for utilization of carbon dioxide, especially metal–organic frameworks and their derivatives. The catalytic use of MOF-based materials is cutting-edge in the field of scientific and technological developments. Recently, MOFs have been investigated as promising catalysts for synthesizing industrially important cyclic carbonates under solvent-free ambient conditions. A wide variety of terminal and internal substrates are converted efficiently with high selectivity. 

Furthermore, novel electrocatalysts that convert CO2 into formic acid, methanol, ethanol, etc., with very high energy efficiency and high selectivity are highly sought after. The electrocatalytic reduction of CO2 is among the most attractive opportunities to address this issue by mitigating CO2 emission while converting it into valuable chemicals and fuels. A central challenge for using such a technique is developing effective electrocatalysts with excellent activity, selectivity, durability, and economic consideration towards the desired products. In addition, various electrocatalysts created to date have shown their unique opportunities in CO2 reduction and could potentially meet the abovementioned demands.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide the frontiers of academic research in catalysis for carbon dioxide conversion. This Special Issue deals with all aspects of catalysis, from homogeneous to heterogeneous catalysis, catalyst synthesis, and characterization to their various applications in carbon dioxide utilization. Both original research and comprehensive review papers and perspectives contributing to the field are welcome.

The primary area of study can, however, span a broad research area, which focusses on catalysis in combination with carbon dioxide:

  • Homogeneous catalysis for chemicals;
  • Electrocatalysis for chemicals;
  • Photocatalysis;
  • Heterogeneous catalysis;
  • MOFs, COFs, and nanomaterials;
  • Further areas for development (perspectives).

Prof. Dr. Francis Verpoort
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • carbon dioxide utilization
  • homogeneous catalysis
  • heterogeneous catalysis
  • electrocatalysis
  • green chemistry
  • sustainable chemistry
  • energy
  • environment

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Published Papers (11 papers)

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Research

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10 pages, 1410 KiB  
Article
Trans Influence of Boryl Ligands in CO2 Hydrogenation on Ruthenium Complexes: Theoretical Prediction of Highly Active Catalysts for CO2 Reduction
by Tian Liu, Zhangyong Liu, Lipeng Tang, Jun Li and Zhuhong Yang
Catalysts 2021, 11(11), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111356 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2195
Abstract
In this work, we study the trans influence of boryl ligands and other commonly used non-boryl ligands in order to search for a more active catalyst than the ruthenium dihydride complex Ru(PNP)(CO)H2 for the hydrogenation of CO2. The theoretical calculation [...] Read more.
In this work, we study the trans influence of boryl ligands and other commonly used non-boryl ligands in order to search for a more active catalyst than the ruthenium dihydride complex Ru(PNP)(CO)H2 for the hydrogenation of CO2. The theoretical calculation results show that only the B ligands exhibit a stronger trans influence than the hydride ligand and are along increasing order of trans influence as follows: –H < –BBr2 < –BCl2 ≈ –B(OCH)2 < –Bcat < –B(OCH2)2 ≈ –B(OH)2 < –Bpin < –B(NHCH2)2 < –B(OCH3)2 < –B(CH3)2 < –BH2. The computed activation free energy for the direct hydride addition to CO2 and the NBO analysis of the property of the Ru–H bond indicate that the activity of the hydride can be enhanced by the strong trans influence of the B ligands through the change in the Ru–H bond property. The function of the strong trans influence of B ligands is to decrease the d orbital component of Ru in the Ru–H bond. The design of a more active catalyst than the Ru(PNP)(CO)H2 complex is possible. Full article
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14 pages, 3203 KiB  
Article
Hierarchical Mesoporous SSZ-13 Chabazite Zeolites for Carbon Dioxide Capture
by Lucy Hillen and Volkan Degirmenci
Catalysts 2021, 11(11), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11111355 - 12 Nov 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2682
Abstract
Artificial carbon dioxide capture is an alternative method to remove the carbon dioxide already accumulated in the atmosphere as well as to stop its release at its large-scale emission points at the source, such as at power plants. However, new adsorbents are needed [...] Read more.
Artificial carbon dioxide capture is an alternative method to remove the carbon dioxide already accumulated in the atmosphere as well as to stop its release at its large-scale emission points at the source, such as at power plants. However, new adsorbents are needed to make the approach feasible. For this purpose, in this study, hierarchical mesoporous-microporous chabazite-type zeolites were synthesised by applying a dual-templating method. The microporous zeolite structure-directing agent N,N,N-trimethyl-1-adamantanammonium hydroxide was combined with an organosilane mesopore-generating template, 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl octadecyl dimethyl ammonium chloride. Materials were characterised for their structural and textural properties and tested for their carbon dioxide capture capacity both in their original sodium form and in their proton-exchanged form by means of breakthrough curve analysis and sorption isotherms. The influence of template ratios on their structure, carbon dioxide capture, and capacity have been identified. All mesoporous materials showed fast adsorption-desorption kinetics due to a reduction in the steric limitations via the introduction of a meso range network of pores. The hierarchical zeolites are recyclable with a negligible loss in crystallinity and carbon dioxide capture capacity, which makes them potential materials for larger-scale application. Full article
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13 pages, 2490 KiB  
Article
Electrochemical Incorporation of Carbon Dioxide into Fluorotoluene Derivatives under Mild Conditions
by Silvia Mena, Jesus Bernad and Gonzalo Guirado
Catalysts 2021, 11(8), 880; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11080880 - 22 Jul 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3253
Abstract
One of the main challenges to combat climate change is to eliminate or reuse Carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest contributor to the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. It is also important to synthesize compounds through greener technologies in order to [...] Read more.
One of the main challenges to combat climate change is to eliminate or reuse Carbon dioxide (CO2), the largest contributor to the greenhouse gases that cause global warming. It is also important to synthesize compounds through greener technologies in order to obtain more environmentally friendly solutions. This study describes the electrocarboxylation process of α,α,α-trifluorotoluene using different working electrodes (glassy carbon, silver and copper) and electrolytes (polar aprotic solvent and ionic liquid). Carboxylated compounds were obtained in the same way in both electrolytic medias with more than 80% conversion rates, high yields, good selectivity, and moderate efficiencies using silver and copper as cathodes in organic electrolytes and ionic liquids. Full article
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14 pages, 5636 KiB  
Article
Changes in CO2 Adsorption Affinity Related to Ni Doping in FeS Surfaces: A DFT-D3 Study
by Aleksandar Živković, Michiel Somers, Eloi Camprubi, Helen E. King, Mariette Wolthers and Nora H. de Leeuw
Catalysts 2021, 11(4), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11040486 - 10 Apr 2021
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3265
Abstract
Metal sulphides constitute cheap, naturally abundant, and environmentally friendly materials for energy storage applications and chemistry. In particular, iron (II) monosulphide (FeS, mackinawite) is a material of relevance in theories of the origin of life and for heterogenous catalytic applications in the conversion [...] Read more.
Metal sulphides constitute cheap, naturally abundant, and environmentally friendly materials for energy storage applications and chemistry. In particular, iron (II) monosulphide (FeS, mackinawite) is a material of relevance in theories of the origin of life and for heterogenous catalytic applications in the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) towards small organic molecules. In natural mackinawite, Fe is often substituted by other metals, however, little is known about how such substitutions alter the chemical activity of the material. Herein, the effect of Ni doping on the structural, electronic, and catalytic properties of FeS surfaces is explored via dispersion-corrected density functional theory simulations. Substitutional Ni dopants, introduced on the Fe site, are readily incorporated into the pristine matrix of FeS, in good agreement with experimental measurements. The CO2 molecule was found to undergo deactivation and partial desorption from the doped surfaces, mainly at the Ni site when compared to undoped FeS surfaces. This behaviour is attributed to the energetically lowered d-band centre position of the doped surface, as a consequence of the increased number of paired electrons originating from the Ni dopant. The reaction and activation energies of CO2 dissociation atop the doped surfaces were found to be increased when compared to pristine surfaces, thus helping to further elucidate the role Ni could have played in the reactivity of FeS. It is expected that Ni doping in other Fe-sulphides may have a similar effect, limiting the catalytic activity of these phases when this dopant is present at their surfaces. Full article
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10 pages, 1661 KiB  
Article
The Ionic Organic Cage: An Effective and Recyclable Testbed for Catalytic CO2 Transformation
by Wenlong Wang, Yuanyou Mao, Jutao Jin, Yanping Huo and Lifeng Cui
Catalysts 2021, 11(3), 358; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11030358 - 10 Mar 2021
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 4066
Abstract
Porous organic cages (POC) are a class of relatively new molecular porous materials, whose concept was raised in 2009 by Cooper’s group and has rarely been directly used in the area of organic catalysis. In this contribution, a novel ionic quasi-porous [...] Read more.
Porous organic cages (POC) are a class of relatively new molecular porous materials, whose concept was raised in 2009 by Cooper’s group and has rarely been directly used in the area of organic catalysis. In this contribution, a novel ionic quasi-porous organic cage (denoted as Iq-POC), a quaternary phosphonium salt, was easily synthesized through dynamic covalent chemistry and a subsequent nucleophilic addition reaction. Iq-POC was applied as an effective nucleophilic catalyst for the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides. Owing to the combined effect of the relatively large molecular weight (compared with PPh3+I) and the strong polarity of Iq-POC, the molecular catalyst Iq-POC displayed favorable heterogeneous nature (i.e., insolubility) in this catalytic system. Therefore, the Iq-POC catalyst could be easily separated and recycled by simple centrifugation method, and the catalyst could be reused five times without obvious loss of activity. The molecular weight augmentation route in this study (from PPh3+I to Iq-POC) provided us a “cage strategy” of designing separable and recyclable molecular catalysts. Full article
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15 pages, 11183 KiB  
Article
Green Synthesis of 2-Oxazolidinones by an Efficient and Recyclable CuBr/Ionic Liquid System via CO2, Propargylic Alcohols, and 2-Aminoethanols
by Chao Bu, Yanyan Gong, Minchen Du, Cheng Chen, Somboon Chaemchuen, Jia Hu, Yongxing Zhang, Heriberto Díaz Velázquez, Ye Yuan and Francis Verpoort
Catalysts 2021, 11(2), 233; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal11020233 - 9 Feb 2021
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 3550
Abstract
With the aim of profitable conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner, we developed a CuBr/ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) catalytic system that could efficiently catalyze the three-component reactions of propargylic alcohols, 2-aminoethanols, and CO2 to [...] Read more.
With the aim of profitable conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) in an efficient, economical, and sustainable manner, we developed a CuBr/ionic liquid (1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate) catalytic system that could efficiently catalyze the three-component reactions of propargylic alcohols, 2-aminoethanols, and CO2 to produce 2-oxazolidinones and α-hydroxy ketones. Remarkably, this catalytic system employed lower metal loading (0.0125–0.5 mol%) but exhibited the highest turnover number (2960) ever reported, demonstrating its excellent activity and sustainability. Moreover, our catalytic system could efficiently work under 1 atm of CO2 pressure and recycle among the metal-catalyzed systems. Full article
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Review

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21 pages, 2198 KiB  
Review
Ni-Based Catalyst for Carbon Dioxide Methanation: A Review on Performance and Progress
by Nur Diyan Mohd Ridzuan, Maizatul Shima Shaharun, Mohd Azrizan Anawar and Israf Ud-Din
Catalysts 2022, 12(5), 469; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12050469 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 41 | Viewed by 9130
Abstract
Catalytic conversion of CO2 into methane is an attractive method because it can alleviate global warming and provide a solution for the energy depletion crisis. Nickel-based catalysts were commonly employed in such conversions due to their high performance over cost ratio. However, [...] Read more.
Catalytic conversion of CO2 into methane is an attractive method because it can alleviate global warming and provide a solution for the energy depletion crisis. Nickel-based catalysts were commonly employed in such conversions due to their high performance over cost ratio. However, the major challenges are that Ni tends to agglomerate and cause carbon deposition during the high-temperature reaction. In the past decades, extensive works have been carried out to design and synthesize more active nickel-based catalysts to achieve high CO2 conversion and CH4 selectivity. This review critically discusses the recent application of Ni-based catalyst for CO2 methanation, including the progress on the effect of supporting material, promoters, and catalyst composition. The thermodynamics, kinetics, and mechanism of CO2 methanation are also briefly addressed. Full article
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16 pages, 3401 KiB  
Review
Research Progress in Semiconductor Materials with Application in the Photocatalytic Reduction of CO2
by Yan Cui, Pengxiang Ge, Mindong Chen and Leilei Xu
Catalysts 2022, 12(4), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12040372 - 24 Mar 2022
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4799
Abstract
The large-scale burning of non-renewable fossil fuels leads to the gradual increase of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, which is associated with negative impacts on the environment. The consequent need to reduce the emission of CO2 resulting from fossil fuel [...] Read more.
The large-scale burning of non-renewable fossil fuels leads to the gradual increase of the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, which is associated with negative impacts on the environment. The consequent need to reduce the emission of CO2 resulting from fossil fuel combustion has led to a serious energy crisis. Research reports indicate that the photocatalytic reduction of CO2 is one of the most effective methods to control CO2 pollution. Therefore, the development of novel high-efficiency semiconductor materials has become an important research field. Semiconductor materials need to have a structure with abundant catalytic sites, among other conditions, which is of great significance for the practical application of highly active catalysts for CO2 reduction. This review systematically describes various types of semiconductor materials, as well as adjustments to the physical, chemical and electronic characteristics of semiconductor catalysts to improve the performance of photocatalytic reduction of CO2. The principle of photocatalytic CO2 reduction is also provided in this review. The reaction types and conditions of photocatalytic CO2 reduction are further discussed. We believe that this review will provide a good basis and reference point for future design and development in this field. Full article
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24 pages, 1749 KiB  
Review
Research Progress and Reaction Mechanism of CO2 Methanation over Ni-Based Catalysts at Low Temperature: A Review
by Li Li, Wenqing Zeng, Mouxiao Song, Xueshuang Wu, Guiying Li and Changwei Hu
Catalysts 2022, 12(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020244 - 21 Feb 2022
Cited by 64 | Viewed by 10817
Abstract
The combustion of fossil fuels has led to a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions and increased greenhouse effect. Methanation of carbon dioxide can not only mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also utilize the hydrogen generated by renewable electricity such as wind, solar, [...] Read more.
The combustion of fossil fuels has led to a large amount of carbon dioxide emissions and increased greenhouse effect. Methanation of carbon dioxide can not only mitigate the greenhouse effect, but also utilize the hydrogen generated by renewable electricity such as wind, solar, tidal energy, and others, which could ameliorate the energy crisis to some extent. Highly efficient catalysts and processes are important to make CO2 methanation practical. Although noble metal catalysts exhibit higher catalytic activity and CH4 selectivity at low temperature, their large-scale industrial applications are limited by the high costs. Ni-based catalysts have attracted extensive attention due to their high activity, low cost, and abundance. At the same time, it is of great importance to study the mechanism of CO2 methanation on Ni-based catalysts in designing high-activity and stability catalysts. Herein, the present review focused on the recent progress of CO2 methanation and the key parameters of catalysts including the essential nature of nickel active sites, supports, promoters, and preparation methods, and elucidated the reaction mechanism on Ni-based catalysts. The design and preparation of catalysts with high activity and stability at low temperature as well as the investigation of the reaction mechanism are important areas that deserve further study. Full article
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40 pages, 6243 KiB  
Review
En Route to CO2-Based (a)Cyclic Carbonates and Polycarbonates from Alcohols Substrates by Direct and Indirect Approaches
by Antoine Brege, Bruno Grignard, Raphaël Méreau, Christophe Detrembleur, Christine Jerome and Thierry Tassaing
Catalysts 2022, 12(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12020124 - 20 Jan 2022
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 8568
Abstract
This review is dedicated to the state-of-the art routes used for the synthesis of CO2-based (a)cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates from alcohol substrates, with an emphasis on their respective main advantages and limitations. The first section reviews the synthesis of organic carbonates [...] Read more.
This review is dedicated to the state-of-the art routes used for the synthesis of CO2-based (a)cyclic carbonates and polycarbonates from alcohol substrates, with an emphasis on their respective main advantages and limitations. The first section reviews the synthesis of organic carbonates such as dialkyl carbonates or cyclic carbonates from the carbonation of alcohols. Many different synthetic strategies have been reported (dehydrative condensation, the alkylation route, the “leaving group” strategy, the carbodiimide route, the protected alcohols route, etc.) with various substrates (mono-alcohols, diols, allyl alcohols, halohydrins, propargylic alcohols, etc.). The second section reviews the formation of polycarbonates via the direct copolymerization of CO2 with diols, as well as the ring-opening polymerization route. Finally, polycondensation processes involving CO2-based dimethyl and diphenyl carbonates with aliphatic and aromatic diols are described. Full article
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35 pages, 10755 KiB  
Review
Tandem Reactions Based on the Cyclization of Carbon Dioxide and Propargylic Alcohols: Derivative Applications of α-Alkylidene Carbonates
by Bowen Jiang, Xiangyu Yan, Yong Xu, Natalya Likhanova, Heriberto Díaz Velázquez, Yanyan Gong, Ye Yuan and Francis Verpoort
Catalysts 2022, 12(1), 73; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12010073 - 10 Jan 2022
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3192
Abstract
As a well-known greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted increasing levels of attention in areas of energy, environment, climate, etc. Notably, CO2 is an abundant, nonflammable, and renewable C1 feedstock in view of chemistry. Therefore, the transformation of CO [...] Read more.
As a well-known greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide (CO2) has attracted increasing levels of attention in areas of energy, environment, climate, etc. Notably, CO2 is an abundant, nonflammable, and renewable C1 feedstock in view of chemistry. Therefore, the transformation of CO2 into organic compounds is an extremely attractive research topic in modern green and sustainable chemistry. Among the numerous CO2 utilization methods, carboxylative cycloaddition of CO2 into propargylic alcohols is an ideal route due to the corresponding products, α-alkylidene cyclic carbonates, which are a series of highly functionalized compounds that supply numerous potential methods for the construction of various synthetically and biologically valuable agents. This cyclization reaction has been intensively studied and systematically summarized, in the past years. Therefore, attention has been gradually transferred to produce more derivative compounds. Herein, the tandem reactions of this cyclization with hydration, amination, alcoholysis, and isomerization to synthesize α-hydroxyl ketones, oxazolidinones, carbamates, unsymmetrical carbonates, tetronic acids, ethylene carbonates, etc. were systematically reviewed. Full article
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