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Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and the Implementation of Liquid Biopsy (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Tumor Microenvironment".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 2701

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
1. Division of Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87120, USA
2. Department of Pathology, The University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87120, USA
3. UNM Comprehensive Cancer Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
Interests: the biology and therapeutic utility of circulating tumor cells (CTCs); liquid biopsies; mechanisms of brain metastasis and dormancy in breast and melanoma cancers; molecular crosstalks between dormant bone-marrow (BM) cells and CTCs; roles of BM and BM cellular heterogeneity interplaying with metastasis and dormancy
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues, 

This Special Issue builds upon the foundation of our previous Special Issue, “Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs)” (https://www.mdpi.com/journal/cancers/special_issues/cancers_CTCs), and expands its scope to include the rapidly evolving field of liquid biopsy. 

Metastasis remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, yet the mechanisms driving the metastatic cascade are still not fully understood. Tumor cells detach from primary or metastatic sites, enter circulation, and eventually seed distant organs—a process in which circulating tumor cells (CTCs) play a central role. The study of CTCs, together with the broader implementation of liquid biopsy approaches, offers a promising and minimally invasive alternative to traditional tissue biopsies, enabling repeated sampling and real-time monitoring of disease progression and treatment response. 

This Special Issue, entitled “Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) and the Implementation of Liquid Biopsy”, aims to highlight recent advances in CTC biology and detection technologies, and their clinical utility within the liquid biopsy paradigm. We welcome the submission of original research and review articles addressing, but not limited to, the following topics: 

- Novel methods for the isolation, detection, and molecular characterization of CTCs;
- Biological and clinical insights into CTC heterogeneity and metastasis;
- The integration of CTC analysis with other liquid biopsy components (e.g., ctDNA, exosomes);
- Preclinical and clinical studies demonstrating the utility of CTCs in diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring;
- Technological innovations enhancing the sensitivity and specificity of liquid biopsy;
- Clinical trials and translational applications of CTC-based liquid biopsies. 

We look forward to receiving your high-quality contributions and advancing this promising field together.

Prof. Dr. Dario Marchetti
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • liquid biopsy
  • metastatic biomarkers
  • CTCs isolation technologies
  • tumor heterogeneity
  • clinical CTC applications

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 4086 KB  
Article
Comprehensive Longitudinal Linear Mixed Modeling of CTCs Illuminates the Role of Trop2, EpCAM, and CD45 in CTC Clustering and Metastasis
by Seth D. Merkley, Huining Kang, Ursa Brown-Glaberman and Dario Marchetti
Cancers 2025, 17(16), 2717; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162717 - 21 Aug 2025
Viewed by 2470
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with high rates of distant metastasis. While circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the disseminatory units of metastasis and are indicative of a poor prognosis, CTC heterogeneity within individual patients, among breast cancer [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with high rates of distant metastasis. While circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are the disseminatory units of metastasis and are indicative of a poor prognosis, CTC heterogeneity within individual patients, among breast cancer subtypes, and between primary and metastatic tumors within a patient obscures the relationship between CTCs and disease progression. EpCAM, its homolog Trop2, and a pan-Cytokeratin marker were evaluated to determine their contributions to CTC presence and clustering over the study period. We conducted a systematic longitudinal analysis of 51 breast cancer patients during the course of their treatment to deepen our understanding of CTC contributions to breast cancer progression. Methods: 272 total blood samples from 51 metastatic breast cancer (mBC) patients were included in the study. Patients received diverse treatment schedules based on discretion of the practicing oncologist. Patients were monitored from July 2020 to March 2023, with blood samples collected at scheduled care appointments. Nucleated cells were isolated, imaged, and analyzed using Rarecyte® technology, and statistical analysis was performed in R using the lmerTest and lme4 packages, as well as in Graphpad Prism version 10.4.1. Results: Both classical CTCs (DAPI+, EpCAM+, CK+, CD45– cells) and Trop2+ CTCs were detected in the blood of breast cancer patients. A high degree of correlation was found between CTC biomarkers, and CTC expression of EpCAM, Trop2, and the presence of CD45+ cells, all predicted cluster size, while Pan-CK did not. Furthermore, while analyses of biomarkers by receptor status revealed no significant differences among HR+, HER2+, and TNBC patients, longitudinal analysis found evidence for discrete trajectories of EpCAM, Trop2, and clustering between HR+ and HER2+ cancers after diagnosis of metastasis. Conclusions: Correlation and longitudinal analysis revealed that EpCAM+, Trop2+, and CD45+ cells were predictive of CTC cluster presence and size, and highlighted distinct trajectories of biomarker change over time between HR+ and HER2+ cancers following metastatic diagnosis. Full article
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