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Cancers
Special Issues
Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer
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Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 1 July 2025 | Viewed by 7602

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Angelo Naselli

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, San Giuseppe Hospital, Multimedica Group, Milan, Italy
Interests: cancer
Dr. Giacomo Maria Pirola

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Urology, San Giuseppe Hospital, Multimedica Group, 20123 Milano, Italy
Interests: robotic and laparoscopic surgery; urinary calculus; oncological urology; andrology; incontinence and genitourinary prolapse; phimosis and circumcision
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Advances in therapeutic strategies for prostate cancer have seen significant progress in recent years. These advancements encompass various approaches, including:

  1. Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatments based on the patient's genetic profile has become increasingly common. This allows for more targeted therapies and reduced side effects.
  1. Immunotherapy: Immune checkpoint inhibitors and other immunotherapeutic approaches have shown promise in boosting the body's immune response to prostate cancer cells.
  1. Radiation Therapy: Techniques such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) and proton therapy offer more precise and effective ways to target prostate tumors while minimizing damage to surrounding tissues.
  1. Hormone Therapy: New drugs and combinations have been developed to improve the management of advanced prostate cancer by blocking or inhibiting the hormones that fuel tumor growth.
  1. Minimally Invasive Surgery: Robotic-assisted surgery has enhanced the precision and recovery time for patients undergoing prostatectomies.
  1. Liquid Biopsies: Liquid biopsy techniques have emerged to detect prostate cancer at an earlier stage and monitor its progression more effectively.
  1. Targeted Therapies: Drugs that specifically target key molecular pathways involved in prostate cancer growth have been developed, offering new treatment options.

These advances collectively represent a more personalized and effective approach to prostate cancer treatment, providing hope for improved outcomes and quality of life for patients. Ongoing research and clinical trials continue to drive innovation in this field.

Dr. Angelo Naselli
Dr. Giacomo Maria Pirola
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • immunotherapy
  • radiation therapy
  • hormone therapy
  • targeted therapies

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 2856 KiB  
Article
Inhibition of Galectin-1 and Androgen Receptor Axis Enhances Enzalutamide Treatment in Enzalutamide Resistant Prostate Cancer
by Hsiao-Chi Wang, Allen C. Gao, Roger Xia, Chun-Te Wu, Ssu-Wei Hsu, Ching-Hsien Chen and Tsung-Chieh Shih
Cancers 2025, 17(3), 351; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17030351 - 22 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1029
Abstract
Background/Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a prevalent and deadly disease, particularly in its advanced stages. Despite various available treatments, resistance to drugs like enzalutamide continues to present significant challenges. This study aimed to investigate the role of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Prostate cancer (PCa) remains a prevalent and deadly disease, particularly in its advanced stages. Despite various available treatments, resistance to drugs like enzalutamide continues to present significant challenges. This study aimed to investigate the role of Galectin-1 (Gal-1) in enzalutamide-resistant PCa and assess its potential as a therapeutic target to overcome resistance. Methods: The study utilized specific siRNA-mediated knockdown of Gal-1 in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells to evaluate its effects on cell proliferation and response to enzalutamide treatment. An orthotopic mouse model was employed to examine the in vivo impact of Gal-1 knockdown. Pharmacological targeting of Gal-1 was conducted using LLS30, and its effects were assessed both in vitro and in vivo. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) analysis was performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed effects. Results: The findings demonstrated significant upregulation of Gal-1 in enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells. Gal-1 knockdown inhibited cell proliferation and resensitized resistant cells to enzalutamide treatment in the orthotopic mouse model. Elevated levels of androgen receptor full-length and AR-V7 are key mechanisms under-lying resistance to enzalutamide in PCa. Gal-1 knockdown suppressed AR and AR-V7 expression and their transcriptional activity. Treatment with LLS30 significantly suppressed the growth of enzalutamide-resistant PCa cells and exhibited synergistic effects when combined with enzalutamide. Notably, this combination therapy significantly inhibited the growth of enzalutamide-resistant xenografts in vivo. RNA-seq analysis revealed that LLS30 modulates AR and AR-V7 signaling through the inhibition of associated target genes. Conclusion: These findings highlight Gal-1 as a promising therapeutic target for overcoming enzalutamide resistance in PCa. Targeting the Gal-1/AR/AR-V7 axis with LLS30 presents a novel strategy to enhance enzalutamide efficacy and address drug resistance in advanced PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer)
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Review

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27 pages, 582 KiB  
Review
Prostate Cancer: A Journey Through Its History and Recent Developments
by Hamza Mallah, Zania Diabasana, Sina Soultani, Ysia Idoux-Gillet and Thierry Massfelder
Cancers 2025, 17(2), 194; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020194 - 9 Jan 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2149
Abstract
Prostate cancer is one of the most common diseases among men worldwide and continues to pose a serious threat to health. This review shows the history and the new developments in the management of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on a range of [...] Read more.
Prostate cancer is one of the most common diseases among men worldwide and continues to pose a serious threat to health. This review shows the history and the new developments in the management of prostate cancer, with an emphasis on a range of therapeutic approaches, such as hormone therapy, radiation therapy, surgery, and innovative targeted therapeutics. The evolution of these treatments is examined in light of clinical outcomes, patient quality of life, and emerging resistance mechanisms, such as the recently shown vitamin D-based strategies. New developments that have the potential to increase survival rates and reduce side effects are also discussed, including PARP inhibitors (PARPis), immunotherapy, and tailored medication. Additionally, the use of biomarkers and sophisticated imaging methods in therapeutic decision-making is explored, with a focus on how these tools might improve patient care. The absolute necessity for a multidisciplinary approach for improving treatment strategies is becoming more and more apparent as our understanding of the biology of prostate cancer deepens. This approach ensures that patients receive customized medicines that fit their unique profiles. Future avenues of investigation will focus on resolving issues dealing with treatment efficacy and resistance to improve treatment results, ultimately leading to disease cure for prostate cancer patients. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer)
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Other

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16 pages, 1688 KiB  
Systematic Review
An Updated Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis of First-Line Triplet vs. Doublet Therapies for Metastatic Hormone-Sensitive Prostate Cancer
by Akihiro Matsukawa, Giulio Litterio, Angelo Cormio, Marcin Miszczyk, Mehdi Kardoust Parizi, Tamás Fazekas, Ichiro Tsuboi, Stefano Mancon, Robert J. Schulz, Ekaterina Laukhtina, Paweł Rajwa, Keiichiro Mori, Piotr Chlosta, Michele Marchioni, Luigi Schips, Jun Miki, Takahiro Kimura, Shahrokh F. Shariat and Takafumi Yanagisawa
Cancers 2025, 17(2), 205; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020205 - 9 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1941
Abstract
Purpose: The addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without docetaxel (Doc), is currently recommended for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, the ARANOTE trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Darolutamide + ADT in [...] Read more.
Purpose: The addition of androgen receptor pathway inhibitors (ARPIs) to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), with or without docetaxel (Doc), is currently recommended for metastatic, hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC). Recently, the ARANOTE trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of Darolutamide + ADT in this setting. We aimed to update a network meta-analysis (NMA) of these combination therapies. Methods: We conducted a systematic search for RCTs on systemic therapies for mHSPC using MEDLINE, Embase, and the Web of Science Core Collection in September 2024. An NMA utilizing random-effects models was performed to compare progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and adverse event (AE) incidence (PROSPERO: CRD42024591458). Results: A total of 12 RCTs (n = 11,954) were included in our NMAs. Triplet therapies were associated with significant improvements in PFS compared to ARPI-based doublet therapies (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.74; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.93; p = 0.01), but the difference did not reach the conventional levels of statistical significance for OS (HR: 0.82; 95% CI: 0.67–1.01; p = 0.059). In a subset analysis, compared to ARPI-based doublet therapies, triplet therapies showed a significant improvement in PFS in patients with high-volume disease (HR: 0.64; 95% CI: 0.47–0.88; p < 0.01), whereas no significant improvement was observed in those with low-volume disease (HR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.45–1.67; p = 0.7). No significant difference in grade ≥ 3 AEs was observed between triplet therapies and ARPI-based doublet therapies. The main limitations include patient heterogeneity and limited follow-up in some studies. Conclusions: Triplet therapies can improve the oncologic outcomes of patients with mHSPC compared to ARPI-based doublet therapies, without significantly increasing severe AEs. These findings warrant further confirmation in a head-to-head trial powered for overall survival. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer)
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18 pages, 1033 KiB  
Systematic Review
Prostate Tissue Microbiome in Patients with Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review
by Daniela F. Ward Grados, Onuralp Ergun, Carly D. Miller, Petr Gaburak, Nana A. Frimpong, Oluwatobi Shittu and Christopher A. Warlick
Cancers 2024, 16(8), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16081549 - 18 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1907
Abstract
Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in the prostatic tissue of PCa vs. healthy controls. This systematic review aims to investigate and compare the [...] Read more.
Some researchers have speculated that the prostatic microbiome is involved in the development of prostate cancer (PCa) but there is no consensus on certain microbiota in the prostatic tissue of PCa vs. healthy controls. This systematic review aims to investigate and compare the microbiome of PCa and healthy tissue to determine the microbial association with the pathogenesis of PCa. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases. Articles were screened by two independent and blinded reviewers. Literature that compared the prostatic tissue microbiome of patients with PCa with benign controls was included. We found that PCa may be associated with increased Propionibacterium acnes, the herpesviridae and papillomaviridae families, and Mycoplasma genitalium, but definitive conclusions cannot be drawn from the existing data. Challenges include the difficulty of obtaining uncontaminated tissue samples and securing tissue from healthy controls. As a result, methods are varied with many studies using cancerous and “healthy” tissue from the same prostate. The organisms chosen for each study were also highly variable, making it difficult to compare studies. These issues have led to lower confidence in our results. Overall, further work is warranted to better understand the implications of the prostatic microbiome in the pathogenesis of PCa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Therapeutic Strategies for Prostate Cancer)
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