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Cancers
Special Issues
Primary and Recurrent Gynecological Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and New Therapies
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Primary and Recurrent Gynecological Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and New Therapies

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 May 2026 | Viewed by 2382

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Nithya Ratnavelu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Northern Gynaecological Oncology Centre, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gateshead NE9 6SX, UK
Interests: gynaecological cancers; ovarian cancer; vulva cancer; endometrial cancer; cervical cancer; vaginal cancer
Dr. Ioannis Biliatis

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Gynecological Oncology, Poole Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Poole BH15 2JB, UK
Interests: cervical cancer; ovarian cancer colposcopy; endometrial cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

There are significant geographical variations in the incidence of gynecological cancers worldwide. Patient outcomes depend on understanding tumor biology, prevention and screening, timely interventions and appropriate treatment. Additionally, epidemiological studies can help policy makers direct precious resources and shape healthcare systems.

We would therefore like to invite authors to contribute to this Special Issue, which focuses on new developments, such as the incidence and prevalence of women’s cancers, lifestyle factors, investigative pathways, genetic testing, new staging systems, quality of life, adjunctive treatment algorithms and the impact of low resources on patient survival.

Dr. Nithya Ratnavelu
Dr. Ioannis Biliatis
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • ovarian cancer
  • endometrial cancer
  • cervical cancer
  • vulva cancer
  • vaginal cancer
  • gynecological cancer

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 733 KB  
Article
Cure of Recurrent Ovarian Cancer: A Multicenter Retrospective Study
by Masahiro Sumitomo, Yasushi Kotani, Kosuke Murakami, Kaoru Abiko, Kazuko Sakai, Tomoyuki Otani, Akihiko Ueda, Masayo Ukita, Atsuko Taga, Ikuko Emoto, Kentaro Sekiyama, Minami Okudate, Motonori Matsubara, Yukio Yamanishi, Kazuto Nishio, Masaki Mandai and Noriomi Matsumura
Cancers 2025, 17(18), 3069; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17183069 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 417
Abstract
Background: The prognosis for recurrent ovarian cancer is poor, but a small percentage of patients can be cured. The aim of this study was to clarify the criteria for being cured and the characteristics of cured cases. Methods: Ovarian cancer cases at 2 [...] Read more.
Background: The prognosis for recurrent ovarian cancer is poor, but a small percentage of patients can be cured. The aim of this study was to clarify the criteria for being cured and the characteristics of cured cases. Methods: Ovarian cancer cases at 2 university hospitals and 8 community hospitals were analyzed to identify patients who were considered cured after complete remission (CR) following recurrence. Analyses of the tumors were performed and included BRCA1/2 mutation analysis. Results: Of the 157 cases of recurrence, 21 (13%) showed no evidence of disease (NED). NED cases had a lower rate of ascites at the initial diagnosis, longer disease-free survival, a higher rate of solitary lesions, and a higher rate of secondary debulking surgery. All CR cases except for one showed no further recurrence when DFS reached 4 years, which was considered a criterion for being cured. The case of relapse occurred after long-term treatment with bevacizumab. Furthermore, 19.4% of the CR cases achieved 4-year DFS, which represents 9.3% of the cases of recurrent ovarian cancer and 2.3% of all cases of ovarian cancer. BRCA mutation analysis of the tumor was possible in 17 of the 30 cases of recurrent ovarian cancer that achieved a 4-year DFS. Pathogenic variants of BRCA were found in 5 of the 11 cases of high-grade serous carcinoma. Conclusions: Approximately 10% of patients with recurrent ovarian cancer achieved a 4-year DFS and were mostly cured. The curing of cases not involving high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) was unrelated to the presence of pathogenic BRCA variants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary and Recurrent Gynecological Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and New Therapies)
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14 pages, 1049 KB  
Article
The Peritoneal Cancer Index as a Predictor of Cytoreductive Surgery Outcomes and Heatmapping of Ovarian Cancer Distribution: A Retrospective Analysis
by Ayisha A. Ashmore, Joud Al-Majali, Samantha Kimi Chui, Susan Addley, Summi Abdul, Viren Asher, Anish Bali and Andrew Phillips
Cancers 2025, 17(17), 2790; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172790 - 27 Aug 2025
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Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the completeness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients undergoing surgery for advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). Secondary objectives included identifying a PCI cut-off predictive of incomplete cytoreduction, assessing the [...] Read more.
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the association between the Peritoneal Cancer Index (PCI) and the completeness of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) in patients undergoing surgery for advanced ovarian cancer (AOC). Secondary objectives included identifying a PCI cut-off predictive of incomplete cytoreduction, assessing the relationship between PCI and surgical complexity via the Aletti Surgical Complexity Score (SCS), and exploring disease distribution to better understand ovarian cancer distribution. Methods: A retrospective review of 227 patients undergoing primary or interval debulking surgery for AOC from January 2017 to September 2024 at University Hospitals of Derby and Burton was conducted. PCI was recorded intra-operatively, and procedures were classified using the SCS. ROC analysis identified PCI thresholds for incomplete CRS, logistic regression predicted CRS outcomes, and heat mapping visualised disease distribution. Results: Complete CRS of visible disease (R0) was achieved in 90.75% of patients, while 9.25% had incomplete CRS. Median PCI was significantly higher in incomplete CRS cases (28, IQR 21–32) compared to complete CRS (15, IQR 8–23, p < 0.001). ROC analysis identified a PCI threshold of 25.5 with 71.4% sensitivity and 83.5% specificity for predicting incomplete CRS. PCI > 25.5 increased the odds of incomplete cytoreduction by 12.65 times (p < 0.001). Higher PCI scores correlated with increased surgical complexity, operative time, and blood loss, though complication rates were similar. Heat maps showed stepwise disease distribution from pelvis to upper abdomen. Conclusions: PCI is a reliable predictor of CRS completeness in AOC, with a threshold of >25.5 indicating a high risk of incomplete cytoreduction. The study underscores PCI’s role in surgical planning and calls for multi-centre studies to validate these findings and further examine disease distribution. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary and Recurrent Gynecological Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and New Therapies)
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Review

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16 pages, 17489 KB  
Review
Immature Teratoma of the Ovary—A Narrative Review
by Giuseppe Marino, Serena Negri, Filippo Testa, Jasmine Corti, Daniela Giuliani, Daniele Lugotti, Tommaso Grassi, Marta Jaconi, Alessandra Casiraghi, Cristina Maria Bonazzi and Robert Fruscio
Cancers 2025, 17(18), 3041; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17183041 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 382
Abstract
Immature teratoma of the ovary is a rare condition primarily affecting young women and constitutes a significant proportion of ovarian cancer cases in adolescents and young adults. It is commonly diagnosed at stage I, though advanced-stage disease is not infrequent. Accurate diagnosis and [...] Read more.
Immature teratoma of the ovary is a rare condition primarily affecting young women and constitutes a significant proportion of ovarian cancer cases in adolescents and young adults. It is commonly diagnosed at stage I, though advanced-stage disease is not infrequent. Accurate diagnosis and a fertility-sparing approach are central to the management of this condition, as many affected women retain, or have yet to develop, a desire for childbearing. However, due to the rarity of this disease, management is often guided by retrospective data derived from subanalyses of studies on malignant ovarian germ cell tumors, which can complicate the treatment of these patients once diagnosed. The aim of this review is to summarize the current evidence on immature teratoma of the ovary, considering it as a distinct clinical and pathological entity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Primary and Recurrent Gynecological Cancer: Epidemiology, Management and New Therapies)
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