Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer: Time to Bring the Technology Together for an Integrated, Multiplatform Approach for Personalised Cancer Control

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Biomarkers".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2022) | Viewed by 3587

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. University of Oxford Medical Sciences Division, Oxford, UK
2. Professor of Cancer Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
3. Co-Director, Oxford-Sichuan Gastrointestinal Cancer Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
Interests: colorectal cancer; biomarkers; tumour biology; therapeutics

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Co-Guest Editor
Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Churchill Hospital, Old Road, Headington, Oxford OX3 7LE, UK
Interests: colorectal cancer; therapeutics; tumor biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The wider availability of biomarkers has been associated with improvements in survival probability and mortality rates in patients with cancer. In recent times, there has been an exponential growth in the development of biomarkers in colorectal cancer across multiple disciplines providing valuable prognostic and predictive information. These range from well-established tissue-based biomarkers on genetic mutations to novel techniques utilising circulating tumour DNA, susceptibility gene signatures, proteomics, metabolomics and epigenetic markers amongst others. The exciting venture of biomarker discovery in colorectal cancer focuses widely on the tumour microenvironment to immune modulation and harnesses artificial intelligence to create innovative platforms such as radiomics and digital pathology.

Despite the recent advances in therapeutics and biomarkers, colorectal cancer remains the third most common malignancy and the second most deadly cancer worldwide. It is disappointing to see the vast number of new biomarker discoveries failing to reach standard clinical practice or translate into meaningful patient outcomes. There is an unmet need for point of care biomarkers in colorectal cancer with a potential for global application in varied income and resource settings. However, there is limited utility in the application of a single biomarker on its own, in improving outcomes in colorectal cancer globally. There is an overwhelming urgency to bring together the expertise and technology to develop a globally applicable, integrated, multiplatform approach to biomarker development to deliver truly personalised care in colorectal cancer. The Special Issue of Cancers on ‘Biomarkers in Colorectal Cancer’ aims to deliver this vision by presenting the most up to date evidence with an interdisciplinary scope and global perspective. We would encourage submissions across the spectrum of cancer control–genetic susceptibility, screening, prognosis and risk of recurrence following resection/ablation of primary and secondary disease, predictive markers, enabling selection of patients for specific therapeutic agents and pharmacogenetic markers to improve patient safety. Similarly, we would be pleased to see a variety of methodologies (tissue and blood based) and approaches spanning genomics, metabolomics, AI, digital pathology and radiomics.

Prof. Dr. David Kerr
Dr. Jeffrey Rubasingham
Guest Editors

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

14 pages, 1896 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase as a Surrogate Marker of Prominent Malignant Potential in Colonic Polyps: A 2-Year Prospective Study
by Tsung-Hsing Chen, Hung-Chih Hsu, Jeng-Fu You, Cheng-Chou Lai, Yung-Kuan Tsou, Chia-Lin Hsu, Cathy S. J. Fann, Rong-Nan Chien and Ming-Ling Chang
Cancers 2023, 15(6), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15061702 - 10 Mar 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1443
Abstract
Background/aims: The implications of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a cancer metabokine, in colonic polyps remain uncertain. Methods: A 2-year prospective cohort study of patients who underwent colonoscopy was conducted. Biochemical parameters and serum eNAMPT levels were analyzed at baseline and every 24 weeks [...] Read more.
Background/aims: The implications of extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT), a cancer metabokine, in colonic polyps remain uncertain. Methods: A 2-year prospective cohort study of patients who underwent colonoscopy was conducted. Biochemical parameters and serum eNAMPT levels were analyzed at baseline and every 24 weeks postpolypectomy. NAMPT-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), including rs61330082, rs2302559, rs10953502, and rs23058539, were assayed. Results: Of 532 patients, 80 (15%) had prominent malignant potential (PMP) in colonic polyps, including villous adenomas (n = 18, 3.3%), adenomas with high-grade dysplasia (n = 33, 6.2%), and adenocarcinomas (n = 29, 5.5%). Baseline associations were as follows: colonic polyp pathology (p < 0.001), total cholesterol (p = 0.019), and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (p = 0.023) with eNAMPT levels; and age (p < 0.001), polyp size (p < 0.001), and eNAMPT levels (p < 0.001) with polyp pathology. Higher baseline eNAMPT levels were noted in patients harboring polyps with PMP than in patients without PMP (p < 0.001), and baseline eNAMPT levels significantly predicted PMP (cutoff: >4.238 ng/mL, p < 0.001). Proportions of eNAMPT-positive glandular and stromal cells were higher in polyps with PMP than in polyps without PMP (64.55 ± 11.94 vs. 14.82 ± 11.45%, p = 0.025). eNAMPT levels decreased within 48 weeks postpolypectomy (p = 0.01) and remained stable afterward regardless of PMP until 96 weeks postpolypectomy. However, those with PMP had a higher degree of eNAMPT decline within 24 weeks (p = 0.046). All investigated SNPs were in linkage disequilibrium with each other but were not associated with eNAMPT levels. Conclusion: With a link to inflammation and lipid metabolism, along with its decreasing trend after polypectomy, serum eNAMPT may serve as a surrogate marker of PMP in colonic polyps. In situ probing of the NAMPT-associated pathway holds promise in attenuating PMP, as much of the eNAMPT likely originates from colonic polyps. Full article
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15 pages, 7963 KiB  
Article
CD163 as a Potential Biomarker in Colorectal Cancer for Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Prognosis: A Swedish Study from Tissue Microarrays to Big Data Analyses
by Shuwen Ma, Yuxin Zhao, Xingyi Liu, Alexander Sun Zhang, Hong Zhang, Guang Hu and Xiao-Feng Sun
Cancers 2022, 14(24), 6166; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14246166 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1633
Abstract
(1) Background: CD163, a specific macrophage receptor, affects the progression of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, the regulation and expression of CD163 are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the expressions of CD163 in TMA samples from CRC patients and combined them with patient [...] Read more.
(1) Background: CD163, a specific macrophage receptor, affects the progression of malignant tumors. Unfortunately, the regulation and expression of CD163 are poorly understood. In this study, we determined the expressions of CD163 in TMA samples from CRC patients and combined them with patient data from several Swedish hospitals. (2) Methods: The expressions of CD163 in tissue samples from CRC patients were examined. After combining 472 CRC patients’ gene expression and 438 CRC patients’ clinical data with the TCGA database, 964 cases from the GEO database, and experimental expression data from 1247 Swedish CRC patients, we selected four genes (PCNA, LOX, BCL2, and CD163) and analyzed the tumor-infiltrating immune cells (TICs) and CRC prognosis. (3) Results: Based on histopathological TMA analysis, CD163 was strongly expressed in the stroma of both normal and cancer tissues, and the expressions in normal and cancer cells varied from negative to strong. The results from public databases show decreased expression of CD163 in cancer tissue compared to normal mucosa (|log FC| > 1 and FDR < 0.01), and it is a negative prognostic factor for CRC patients (p-value < 0.05). Through tumor microenvironment (TME) analysis, we found a potential influence of CD163 on immune cell infiltration. Furthermore, the enrichment analysis indicated the possible interaction with other proteins and biological pathways. (4) Conclusions: CD163 is expressed differently in CRC tissue and is a negative prognostic factor. Its expression is associated with the TME and tumor purity of CRC. Considering all results, CD163 has the potential to be a predictive biomarker in the investigation of CRC. Full article
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