Recent Developments in the Field of Radiotherapy Treatment for Lung Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Therapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 February 2026 | Viewed by 347

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Department of Surgery, University of Patras Medical School, 26500 Patras, Greece
Interests: stem cells; pagreatic cancer
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) coming out on top according to the 2020 global cancer statistics; this type represents 80–85% of all lung cancers globally. Radiotherapy, an important component of the multidisciplinary management of lung cancer, plays a critical role in the entire treatment process for these patients. In recent years, guided by the principle of multidisciplinary and personalized precision treatment strategies, the role of radiotherapy has expanded from local regional tumor control or symptom palliation in the past to systemic immunomodulation when combined with immunotherapy in modern practice.

This Special Issue examines the current role of radiotherapy in lung cancer, discusses the evidence behind this, and identifies future directions in the radiotherapy treatment of lung cancer.

Original articles, comprehensive reviews, and systematic reviews will be considered for publication.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Ioannis C. Maroulis
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • lung cancer
  • radiotherapy
  • non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC)

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 1416 KiB  
Article
Benefits from 18F-FDG PET-CT-Based Radiotherapy Planning in Stage III Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Prospective Single-Center Study
by Admir Mulita, Pipitsa Valsamaki, Eleni Bekou, Stavros Anevlavis, Christos Nanos, Athanasios Zisimopoulos, Alexandra Giatromanolaki and Michael I. Koukourakis
Cancers 2025, 17(12), 1969; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17121969 - 13 Jun 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate radiotherapy (RT) planning alongside chemotherapy and immunotherapy is critical for improving treatment outcomes for inoperable non-metastatic cases. Conventional computed tomography (CT)-based planning may be inadequate for accurately identifying tumor margins and [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Accurate radiotherapy (RT) planning alongside chemotherapy and immunotherapy is critical for improving treatment outcomes for inoperable non-metastatic cases. Conventional computed tomography (CT)-based planning may be inadequate for accurately identifying tumor margins and the location of nodal disease. We investigated whether 18F-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET-CT) imaging can assist in target volume delineation for primary, nodal, and metastatic disease in the RT planning and overall therapeutic planning of patients. Methods: In this single-center, prospective study, we recruited 34 patients with histologically confirmed locally advanced non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). All patients underwent 18F-FDG PET-CT-based RT simulation. Two sequential RT plans were created by the same radiation oncologist: one based on CT alone and the other PET-CT. Planning target volumes (PTVs) and PET-CT-guided adjustments were analyzed to assess their impact. Standardized protocols for immobilization, imaging, target delineation, and dose prescription were applied. Results: A total of 34 patients (31 males and 3 females) were recruited in the study. 18F-FDG PET-CT detected distant metastases in 7/34 (20.6%) patients, altering the overall therapeutic plan in 4/34 (11.8%) and allowing radical RT in 3 of them who had oligometastatic disease (8.8%). It modified RT planning in 26/34 (76.5%) patients and clarified malignancy in atelectatic areas. Nodal involvement was identified in 3/34 patients (8.8%) and excluded in 3/34 cases, avoiding unnecessary nodal irradiation. Additional involved nodes were revealed in 12/34 (35.3%) patients, requiring dose escalation. Overall, changes to the tumor PTV were made in 23/30 (76.6%) and to the nodal PTV in 19/30 (63.3%) cases (p < 0.0001). Primary tumor and nodal PTVs increased in 20/34 (66.7%) and 13/34 (43.3%), respectively. Conclusions: 18F-FDG PET-CT significantly improves RT planning by more precisely defining tumor and nodal volumes, identifying undetected lesions, and guiding dose adaptation. Larger long-term studies are required to confirm potential locoregional control and survival improvements. Full article
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