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Advances in the Immunotherapy of Metastatic Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 5 June 2026 | Viewed by 973

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Oncology Division, ASST Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Largo U. Dossena 2, 26013 Crema, CR, Italy
Interests: metastatic cancer; immunotherapy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Metastatic cancer remains a difficult challenge in oncology, with traditional therapies often providing poor prognoses and very limited long-term benefits. However, the emergence of immunotherapy has radically transformed the management of metastatic cancers, with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrating remarkable and durable responses in multiple malignancies, including melanoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cell carcinoma. Beyond ICIs, novel approaches such as adoptive cell therapies (CAR-T, TCR-T, and TIL therapies), cancer vaccines, oncolytic viruses, and bispecific antibodies are expanding the therapeutic armamentarium. Additionally, combination strategies integrating immunotherapy with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or targeted agents are being actively explored to enhance efficacy and offer new hope for patients with advanced disease. Despite these successes, significant challenges remain, including primary and acquired resistance, immune-related adverse events, and the need for predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection. This Special Issue explores the latest advancements in immunotherapy for metastatic cancer, covering mechanistic insights, preclinical and clinical studies, biomarker discovery, and emerging resistance mechanisms.

Dr. Gianluca Tomasello
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • metastatic cancer
  • immunotherapy
  • immune checkpoint inhibitors
  • CAR-T cells
  • tumor microenvironment
  • immune-related adverse events
  • biomarkers
  • combination therapy
  • resistance mechanisms

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

23 pages, 4491 KB  
Article
Steroid Phenotype Stratification Reveals Distinct HLA Expression Signatures in Adrenocortical Carcinoma
by Igor S. Giner, Jean S. S. Resende, João C. D. Muzzi, José A. M. Barbuto, Enzo Lalli, Mauro A. A. Castro and Bonald C. Figueiredo
Cancers 2026, 18(2), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers18020229 - 12 Jan 2026
Viewed by 756
Abstract
Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy where endogenous steroid excess may foster immune evasion. However, whether this hormonal axis directly modulates the antigen presentation machinery remains unclear. Methods: We applied an immunoinformatics approach to the TCGA-ACC cohort ( [...] Read more.
Background: Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare, aggressive malignancy where endogenous steroid excess may foster immune evasion. However, whether this hormonal axis directly modulates the antigen presentation machinery remains unclear. Methods: We applied an immunoinformatics approach to the TCGA-ACC cohort (n = 79) to investigate relationships among steroid phenotype, HLA expression, tumor microenvironment (TME), and patient outcome. Key findings were assessed in an independent validation cohort (ENSAT-ACC, n = 44) using C1A/C1B molecular subtypes corresponding to the steroid phenotypes. Results: Stratification by steroid phenotype revealed two distinct immunological profiles. The high steroid production (HSP) phenotype was associated with suppressed HLA expression and a lymphocyte-depleted “cold” TME. In contrast, the low steroid production (LSP) phenotype displayed elevated HLA expression, enriched T-cell infiltration, and upregulation of immune checkpoints (e.g., PDCD1, CTLA4), consistent with an inflamed but exhausted TME. The core signature of HLA downregulation in the HSP-like phenotype (C1A) and the significant survival advantage of the LSP-like phenotype (C1B) were confirmed in the validation cohort, demonstrating biological robustness despite platform and sample size differences. Conclusions: These findings identify the steroid phenotype as a critical regulator of immune escape in ACC. Our results support incorporating this stratification as a biomarker for patient selection, identifying LSP tumors as the subgroup most likely to benefit from immune checkpoint blockade due to their “hot” yet exhausted microenvironment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Immunotherapy of Metastatic Cancer)
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