New Statistical and Machine Learning Methods for Cancer Research: Technologies for Adaptive Trials, Precision Therapies and Drug Development

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Methods and Technologies Development".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 February 2025) | Viewed by 751

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Biostatistics, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
Interests: personalized medicine; statistical learning for cancer research; Bayesian methods in cancer; adaptive cancer trials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electronic health records are becoming commonplace in cancer care, and this has led to readily available databanks for advanced research. In this context, a multitude of new approaches in the domains of statistical and machine learning are being developed to analyze these cancer-related databases, to gain new insights, and to guide the development of new trials with novel statistical design mechanisms. Computational techniques associated with analyzing cancer research data are an important and impactful research area, especially with a focus on disease prediction/prognosis, cancer-related adaptive trials, and new drug development. In this Special Issue, we invite papers that deal with technologies and methods in this domain, with the following focus areas:

  1. Novel statistical methods that are empirically robust and broadly applicable for new drug development and disease delineation/prognosis/prediction in cancer.
  2. Association studies, for example, studies targeting “omics” profiling for new personalized cancer therapies and related novel machine and statistical methods specifically tailored for “omics” research in cancer.
  3. New statistical designs for adaptive clinical trials in cancer research.

Dr. Anjishnu Banerjee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • statistical methods
  • machine learning
  • “Omics” research
  • adaptive clinical trials
  • drug development
  • personalized cancer therapies

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 1111 KiB  
Article
An Order-Sensitive Hierarchical Neural Model for Early Lung Cancer Detection Using Dutch Primary Care Notes and Structured Data
by Iacopo Vagliano, Miguel Rios, Mohanad Abukmeil, Martijn C. Schut, Torec T. Luik, Kristel M. van Asselt, Henk C. P. M. van Weert and Ameen Abu-Hanna
Cancers 2025, 17(7), 1151; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17071151 - 29 Mar 2025
Viewed by 435
Abstract
Background: Improving prediction models to timely detect lung cancer is paramount. Our aim is to develop and validate prediction models for early detection of lung cancer in primary care, based on free-text consultation notes, that exploit the order and context among words and [...] Read more.
Background: Improving prediction models to timely detect lung cancer is paramount. Our aim is to develop and validate prediction models for early detection of lung cancer in primary care, based on free-text consultation notes, that exploit the order and context among words and sentences. Methods: Data of all patients enlisted in 49 general practices between 2002 and 2021 were assessed, and we included those older than 30 years with at least one free-text note. We developed two models using a hierarchical architecture that relies on attention and bidirectional long short-term memory networks. One model used only text, while the other combined text with clinical variables. The models were trained on data excluding the five months leading up to the diagnosis, using target replication and a tuning set, and were tested on a separate dataset for discrimination, PPV, and calibration. Results: A total of 250,021 patients were enlisted, with 1507 having a lung cancer diagnosis. Included in the analysis were 183,012 patients, of which 712 had the diagnosis. From the two models, the combined model showed slightly better performance, achieving an AUROC on the test set of 0.91, an AUPRC of 0.05, and a PPV of 0.034 (0.024, 0.043), and showed good calibration. To early detect one cancer patient, 29 high-risk patients would require additional diagnostic testing. Conclusions: Our models showed excellent discrimination by leveraging the word and sentence structure. Including clinical variables in addition to text slightly improved performance. The number needed to treat holds promise for clinical practice. Investigating external validation and model suitability in clinical practice is warranted. Full article
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