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Buildings
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Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City
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Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Construction Management, and Computers & Digitization".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (10 July 2023) | Viewed by 14055

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Junxiang Zhu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Civil Engineering, Department of Engineering, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
2. School of Design and the Built Environment, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
Interests: BIM/GIS integration; industry foundation classes; digital twin; GeoBIM; graph
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yi Tan

E-Mail Website1 Website2
Guest Editor
Colledge of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518052, China
Interests: BIM/GIS integration; industry foundation classes; digital twin; VR/AR; smart construction and O&M
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of building information modelling (BIM) and geographic information systems (GISs) contributes to smart cities and digital twins. It has been investigated for more than ten years at both the application and fundamental data levels.

While application-level studies primarily investigate the joint use of BIM and GIS to solve practical problems, data-level studies investigate how to effectively integrate data from these two diverse sources, which can in turn support the upper application-level studies.

Data-level integration mainly deals with two tasks, that is, geometry conversion and semantics transfer. Early studies mostly focused on the CityGML (City Geography Markup Language), GML (Geography Markup Language), or shapefile in terms of geometry conversion, while graph theory and Semantic Web techniques such as resource description framework (RDF) are used to deal with the semantics transfer.

Compared with ten years ago, more techniques and data standards are now available, such as the labelled property graph (LPG)-based database, 3D tiles, and Indexed 3D Scene Layer (I3S), not to mention the newly published CityGML 3.0. These new techniques and data standards might bring new opportunities or challenges to the data integration between BIM and GIS; therefore, papers contributing to topics including but not limited to the following are encouraged:

  • New integration patterns (e.g., how geometric information and semantic information can be more effectively relinked on the GIS side);
  • Graphs (e.g., LPG) for semantics transfer;
  • RDF for semantics transfer;
  • CityGML 3.0 and BIM/GIS data integration;
  • The comparison between new techniques and data models with old ones;
  • Information requirements for BIM model production considering BIM/GIS integration;
  • More effective geometry conversion;
  • Other topics relating to BIM/GIS data integration.

Dr. Junxiang Zhu
Dr. Yi Tan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • BIM/GIS Integration
  • Semantic Web
  • Graph Theory
  • 3D Modelling
  • CityGML 3.0
  • Industry Foundation
  • Classes (IFC)
  • Smart City
  • Digital Twin
  • Linked Data

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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19 pages, 5395 KiB  
Article
Research on 3D Visualization of Real Scene in Subway Engineering Based on 3D Model
by Xuejian Wang, Jiayuan Wang and Yuyu Zhang
Buildings 2023, 13(9), 2317; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13092317 - 12 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2504
Abstract
As an urban infrastructure project, subway engineering exhibits the characteristics of large scale, trans-regional presence, and complex environmental conditions. The three-dimensional (3D) real scene of subway engineering aims to visually present the project features by creating a virtual environment in the 3D form [...] Read more.
As an urban infrastructure project, subway engineering exhibits the characteristics of large scale, trans-regional presence, and complex environmental conditions. The three-dimensional (3D) real scene of subway engineering aims to visually present the project features by creating a virtual environment in the 3D form by integrating numerous geographical scenes and entities. However, existing methods of geometric data integration and model visualization are insufficient for handling the diverse and heterogeneous data types encountered in this process. To address these challenges, this study proposes a framework for real-scene 3D visualization management in subway engineering, establishing a technical process of multi-source data integration for organizing 3D models within the scene, and developing a visualization display strategy that incorporates octree and level of detail principles for multi-scale hierarchical dynamic loading of 3D Scene. To validate the proposed method, a prototype system is developed with Geographic Information System (GIS) and Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology and applied to an actual subway project. The results demonstrate that this method ensures effective integration and management of data, enabling the display of real scenes in an integrated 3D model in a web environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City)
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22 pages, 5031 KiB  
Article
An Automated Space-Based Graph Generation Framework for Building Energy Consumption Estimation
by Hamid Kiavarz, Mojgan Jadidi, Abbas Rajabifard and Gunho Sohn
Buildings 2023, 13(2), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020350 - 27 Jan 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2365
Abstract
The 3D information in Building Information Modeling (BIM) has received significant interest for smart city applications. Recently, employing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for BIM in data-driven methods for Building Energy Consumption Estimation (BECE) has gained momentum because of the enriched geometric and semantic [...] Read more.
The 3D information in Building Information Modeling (BIM) has received significant interest for smart city applications. Recently, employing Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) for BIM in data-driven methods for Building Energy Consumption Estimation (BECE) has gained momentum because of the enriched geometric and semantic information. However, despite extensive studies on applying the IFC data in BECE analysis, employing the full potential of the BIM remains poor due to its complex data model and incompatibility with data-driven algorithms. This paper proposes a framework to extract accurate semantic, geometry, and topology information from the room-level (space) IFC schema by introducing new geo-computation algorithms to deal with these challenges. Additionally, we define a new topological weighted relationship between spaces in different stories by combining common geometry area with energy resistance value. Eventually, the proposed weighted space-based graph will be constructed to decrease the original complexity of the IFC model, and it is compatible with graph-based machine learning algorithms. The results are promising, with more than 90% accuracy in extracting the geometry information for the convex and non-convex polyhedron rooms and 100% accuracy in detecting vertical and horizontal adjacent rooms. This study confirms the proposed approach’s efficiency, accuracy, and feasibility for space-based BECE analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City)
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Review

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22 pages, 1988 KiB  
Review
CityGML in the Integration of BIM and the GIS: Challenges and Opportunities
by Yi Tan, Ying Liang and Junxiang Zhu
Buildings 2023, 13(7), 1758; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings13071758 - 11 Jul 2023
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 7963
Abstract
CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system (GIS), and it is essential for digital twin and smart city applications. The new CityGML 3.0 has been released for [...] Read more.
CityGML (City Geography Markup Language) is the most investigated standard in the integration of building information modeling (BIM) and the geographic information system (GIS), and it is essential for digital twin and smart city applications. The new CityGML 3.0 has been released for a while, but it is still not clear whether its new features bring new challenges or opportunities to this research topic. Therefore, the aim of this study is to understand the state of the art of CityGML in BIM/GIS integration and to investigate the potential influence of CityGML3.0 on BIM/GIS integration. To achieve this aim, this study used a systematic literature review approach. In total, 136 papers from Web of Science (WoS) and Scopus were collected, reviewed, and analyzed. The main findings of this review are as follows: (1) There are several challenging problems in the IFC-to-CityGML conversion, including LoD (Level of Detail) mapping, solid-to-surface conversion, and semantic mapping. (2) The ‘space’ concept and the new LoD concept in CityGML 3.0 can bring new opportunities to LoD mapping and solid-to-surface conversion. (3) The Versioning module and the Dynamizer module can add dynamic semantics to the CityGML. (4) Graph techniques and scan-to-BIM offer new perspectives for facilitating the use of CityGML in BIM/GIS integration. These findings can further facilitate theoretical studies on BIM/GIS integration. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards Effective BIM/GIS Data Integration for Smart City)
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