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Brain Sciences
Special Issues
Advances in Microglia Activation and Glioma
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Advances in Microglia Activation and Glioma

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuroglia".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2020) | Viewed by 6632

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Lucia Lisi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Safety and Bioethic, Pharmacology Section, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168, Rome, Italy
Interests: microglia activation; glioma; neuroinflammation; molecular pathway; angiogenesis; pharmacology; neuroimmunity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Glial tumours remain an important cause of death. Altering the treatment prospects through targeting not only cancer cells but also the tumour microenvironment could be an optimal strategy to at least shift from a lethal to chronic pathology. In this regard, numerous studies in recent years have brought to light the important role of microglia in maintaining the tumour microenvironment favourable to tumour growth. This Special Issue aims to take stock of the situation and compare different molecular pathways and pharmacology strategies that can interact both at the microglial and tumour levels.

Basic research or translation research studies are welcomed, as are both original papers and short communications presenting data that have an important impact. Also of interest are reviews that focus mainly on molecular mechanisms and the impact of drugs that molecularly target gliomas.

Dr. Lucia Lisi
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • microglia
  • glioma
  • molecular pathway
  • therapy
  • tumour microenvironment

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

15 pages, 1109 KiB  
Review
Immunomodulatory Effect of Microglia-Released Cytokines in Gliomas
by Marika Lanza, Giovanna Casili, Michela Campolo, Irene Paterniti, Cristina Colarossi, Marzia Mare, Raffella Giuffrida, Maria Caffo, Emanuela Esposito and Salvatore Cuzzocrea
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(4), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11040466 - 07 Apr 2021
Cited by 25 | Viewed by 3038
Abstract
Microglia, a type of differentiated tissue macrophage, are considered to be the most plastic cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia substantially contribute to the growth and invasion of tumor mass in brain tumors including glioblastoma (GB). In response to pathological [...] Read more.
Microglia, a type of differentiated tissue macrophage, are considered to be the most plastic cell population of the central nervous system (CNS). Microglia substantially contribute to the growth and invasion of tumor mass in brain tumors including glioblastoma (GB). In response to pathological conditions, resting microglia undergo a stereotypic activation process and become capable of phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and lymphocyte activation. Considering their immune effector function, it is not surprising to see microglia accumulation in almost every CNS disease process, including malignant brain tumors. Large numbers of glioma associated microglia and macrophages (GAMs) can accumulate within the tumor where they appear to have an important role in prognosis. GAMs constitute the largest portion of tumor infiltrating cells, contributing up to 30% of the entire glioma mass and upon interaction with neoplastic cells. GAMs acquire a unique phenotype of activation, including both M1 and M2 specific markers. It has been demonstrated that microglia possess a dual role: on one hand, microglia may represent a CNS anti-tumor response, which is inactivated by local secretion of immunosuppressive factors by glioma cells. On the other hand, taking into account that microglia are capable of secreting a variety of immunomodulatory cytokines, it is possible that they are attracted by gliomas to promote tumor growth. A better understanding of microglia-glioma interaction will be helpful in designing novel immune-based therapies against these fatal tumors. Concluding, as microglia significantly may contribute to glioma biology, favoring tumor growth and invasiveness, these cells represent a valuable alternative/additional target for the development of more effective treatments for gliomas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microglia Activation and Glioma)
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18 pages, 1694 KiB  
Review
Peritumoral Microenvironment in High-Grade Gliomas: From FLAIRectomy to Microglia–Glioma Cross-Talk
by Roberto Altieri, Davide Barbagallo, Francesco Certo, Giuseppe Broggi, Marco Ragusa, Cinzia Di Pietro, Rosario Caltabiano, Gaetano Magro, Simone Peschillo, Michele Purrello and Giuseppe Barbagallo
Brain Sci. 2021, 11(2), 200; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020200 - 06 Feb 2021
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 3075
Abstract
Cellular composition and molecular signatures of the glioma core compared with infiltrative margins are different, and it is well known that the tumor edge is enriched in microglia. In this review of the literature, we summarize the role of the peritumoral area in [...] Read more.
Cellular composition and molecular signatures of the glioma core compared with infiltrative margins are different, and it is well known that the tumor edge is enriched in microglia. In this review of the literature, we summarize the role of the peritumoral area in high-grade gliomas (HGGs) from surgical and biological points of view. There is evidence on the dual role of microglia in HGGs—a scavenger-tumoricidal role when microglia are activated in an M1 phenotype and a role favoring tumor growth and infiltration/migration when microglia are activated in an M2 phenotype. Microglia polarization is mediated by complex pathways involving cross-talk with glioma cells. In this scenario, extracellular vesicles and their miRNA cargo seem to play a central role. The switch to a specific phenotype correlates with prognosis and the pathological assessment of a specific microglial setting can predict a patient’s outcome. Some authors have designed an engineered microglial cell as a biologically active vehicle for the delivery of intraoperative near-infrared fluorescent dye with the aim of helping surgeons detect peritumoral infiltrated areas during resection. Furthermore, the pharmacological modulation of microglia-glioma cross-talk paves the way to more effective therapies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Microglia Activation and Glioma)
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