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Biomarkers in Neurodegenerative Diseases: Advancements and Future Directions

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neurodegenerative Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2026 | Viewed by 827

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Neuroscience “Rita-Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
Interests: neurodegeneration; neurodegenerative diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other causes of cognitive decline, such as frontotemporal lobar degeneration, represent a growing global health challenge. Early diagnosis and accurate monitoring are critical to improving patient outcomes and developing effective treatments. Biomarkers, both established and emerging, play a key role in these efforts by providing valuable insights into the underlying pathology, disease progression, and therapeutic response.

This Special Issue invites submissions focused on the identification, validation, and clinical application of biomarkers for neurodegenerative diseases. We welcome research exploring diverse biomarker types, including fluid biomarkers (CSF, blood), imaging techniques (MRI, PET), genetic markers, and other innovative approaches, such as digital biomarkers and machine learning-based diagnostics. Papers highlighting the transition from research to clinical implementation, novel discoveries, and the challenges of standardization are encouraged.

Contributions should also address the future direction of biomarker research, including advances in multi-modal approaches and personalized medicine. This Special Issue aims to collate cutting-edge studies that foster a deeper understanding of neurodegeneration and to advance the development of biomarkers that can significantly impact patient care and therapeutic strategies.

Researchers are invited to submit original articles, reviews, and perspectives related to this critical and rapidly evolving field.

Dr. Fausto Roveta
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • Alzheimer’s disease
  • Parkinson’s disease
  • neurodegenerative disorders
  • biomarkers
  • neuroimaging

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

22 pages, 3940 KiB  
Article
Gut Microbiota and Neurovascular Patterns in Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment
by Alexis B. Kazen, Laura Glass Umfleet, Fatima A. Aboulalazm, Alexander D. Cohen, Scott Terhune, Lilly Mason, Shawn Obarski, Malgorzata Franczak, Tammy Lyn Kindel, Yang Wang and John R. Kirby
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(6), 538; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15060538 - 22 May 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The interplay between the gut microbiome (GMB) and neurovascular function in neurodegeneration is unclear. The goal of this proof-of-concept, cross-sectional study is to identify relationships between the GMB, neurovascular functioning, and cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prototypical prodromal symptomatic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The interplay between the gut microbiome (GMB) and neurovascular function in neurodegeneration is unclear. The goal of this proof-of-concept, cross-sectional study is to identify relationships between the GMB, neurovascular functioning, and cognition in amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI), the prototypical prodromal symptomatic stage of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods: Participants (n = 14 aMCI and 10 controls) provided fecal samples for GMB sequencing (16S and shotgun metagenomics), underwent MRI, and completed cognitive testing. Cerebral vascular reactivity (CVR), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and arterial transit time (ATT) were assessed. Statistical analyses evaluated the relationships between discriminatory taxa, cerebrovascular metrics, and cognition. Results: Sequencing revealed differentially abundant bacterial and viral taxa distinguishing aMCI from controls. Spearman correlations revealed that bacteria known to induce inflammation were negatively associated with CVR, CBF, and cognition, and positively associated with ATT. A reciprocal pattern emerged for the association of taxa with gut health. Conclusions: Our results provide preliminary evidence that pro-inflammatory gut bacterial and viral taxa are associated with neurovascular dysfunction and cognitive impairment in prodromal AD, highlighting their potential as candidate microbial biomarkers and targets for early intervention. Full article
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