Mechanisms Underlying the Neuropathic/Chronic Pain Development and Maintenance: Focus on Pharmacological Targets and Therapeutic Approaches

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropharmacology and Neuropathology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2025 | Viewed by 681

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Via Vanvitelli 32, 20129 Milano, Italy
Interests: pain; neuroinflammation; aging; mood disorders
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Pain can result from a wide range of medical conditions, indeed, it is frequently observed in patients with musculoskeletal diseases (e.g., osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, chronic back pain, myofascial pain syndrome, etc.), neurological disorders (peripheral neuropathy of various etiologies, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson’s disease, post-stroke pain, etc.), oncological conditions (related both to the tumour itself and to treatments, such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy), gastrointestinal diseases (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, chronic inflammatory bowel diseases, chronic pancreatitis, etc.), gynecological/urogenital disorders (e.g., endometriosis, interstitial cystitis, vulvodynia, chronic prostatitis, etc.), and other conditions (e.g., chronic headache and migraine, chronic post-surgical pain, psychogenic pain, etc.).

Chronic pain is not merely a symptom but is recognized as a disease, as it may persist even after the apparent resolution of the initial cause. Recently, the WHO estimated that one in five people worldwide suffer or have suffered from chronic pain. This is a dramatic picture, considering that current treatments are often unsatisfactory or come with significant side effects.

Furthermore, the experience of pain is shaped by emotional and cognitive dimensions, past experiences, psychological structure, and socio-cultural factors. Identifying the mechanisms underlying the development of pain, predictive biomarkers, and novel therapeutic approaches remains an open challenge.

This Special Issue will welcome original clinical and preclinical studies as well as review manuscript.

Dr. Giada Amodeo
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neuropathic pain
  • chronic pain
  • mood alteration
  • neurons
  • glia cells
  • cytokines
  • neuroinflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

13 pages, 505 KiB  
Review
Sphenopalatine Ganglion Blocks in Headache Management: A Review
by Andrei Lyle Bautista, Killian Coyne, Alexander Bautista and Alaa Abd-Elsayed
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(7), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15070672 - 22 Jun 2025
Viewed by 601
Abstract
Headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling neurological conditions worldwide, affecting more than three billion individuals and contributing to a substantial socioeconomic burden. Despite the availability of pharmacologic treatments such as triptans, NSAIDs, and CGRP monoclonal antibodies, a significant proportion of [...] Read more.
Headache disorders are among the most prevalent and disabling neurological conditions worldwide, affecting more than three billion individuals and contributing to a substantial socioeconomic burden. Despite the availability of pharmacologic treatments such as triptans, NSAIDs, and CGRP monoclonal antibodies, a significant proportion of patients remain refractory or intolerant to these therapies. The sphenopalatine ganglion (SPG), a parasympathetic neural structure in the pterygopalatine fossa, is increasingly recognized as a critical node in the pathophysiology of primary headache disorders. SPG blocks—using local anesthetics, neurolytic agents, or electrical neuromodulation—offer a minimally invasive therapeutic approach by disrupting nociceptive transmission and autonomic activation. This narrative review synthesizes the anatomical and physiological rationale for SPG intervention, details various procedural techniques, evaluates clinical evidence across headache subtypes, and explores future research directions. Conditions covered include migraine, cluster headache, tension-type headache, trigeminal neuralgia, and persistent idiopathic facial pain. With expanding evidence and evolving technologies, SPG-targeted interventions have the potential to reshape the management of refractory headaches and facial pain syndromes. Full article
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