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Brain Sciences
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Brain-Microbiome Interactions: 2nd Edition
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Brain-Microbiome Interactions: 2nd Edition

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Environmental Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2024) | Viewed by 4473

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Keehoon Lee

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
TGen Integrated Microbiomics Center, Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), Flagstaff, AZ, USA
Interests: microbiome; microbiology; genetics; immunology; cancers; neurological diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Due to the great success of our Special Issue "Brain-Microbiome Interactions", we decided to set up a second volume: "Brain-Microbiome Interactions: 2nd Edition".

Over the past decade, research on the human microbiome has made tremendous progress. Now we know that microbiomes are closely associated with digestive health, cardiovascular health, immune system development and regulation, nutrient production, protection against various pathogens, cancer development and treatment, and even our mental health. The gut-brain axis is a bi-directional communication system that connects the central nervous system (CNS) with the enteric nervous system (ENS). The microbiome and its metabolites can send signals to the brain through various pathways, including the immune system, the vagus nerve, and the release of neuroactive molecules. Likewise, the brain can influence the gut microbiome through the release of stress hormones and other neurotransmitters.

Current researches on the gut-brain axis focus on its role in disorders such as mental health, neurological disorders, and cancers. Researchers are exploring the link between the gut microbiome and diseases such as depression, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and glioma, with the goal of developing new treatments and interventions. Additionally, investigations into diet, stress, and personalized medicine are revealing potential applications for personalized dietary recommendations, microbiome-based treatments, and individualized health management strategies.

This Special Issue is to explore the composition and diversity of the gut microbiome and its role in influencing brain function, neurochemistry, and brain disease development, and to discuss how changes in microbiome composition can affect the gut-brain axis. Another purpose of this Special Issue is to explore the potential of microbiome-based interventions in treating gut-brain axis-related conditions.

We welcome the studies and reviews that help uncover the relationship between microbiome and brain disorders.

We invite you to read the Special Issue "Brain-Microbiome Interactions", which can be found at https://www.mdpi.com/journal/brainsci/special_issues/Brain_Microbio_Interact.

Dr. Keehoon Lee
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gut-brain axis
  • microbiome
  • neurodegenerative disease, glioma
  • glioblastoma
  • cancer microbiome
  • autism spectral disorder
  • ASD
  • multiple sclerosis
  • MS
  • Alzheimer’s
  • Parkinson’s
  • mental health
  • behavioral disorder

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 474 KiB  
Review
Gut–Brain Axis and Brain Microbiome Interactions from a Medical Perspective
by Borros Arneth
Brain Sci. 2025, 15(2), 167; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci15020167 - 8 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1951
Abstract
Background: The gut microbiome directly impacts brain health and activity, meaning the two are closely associated. This relationship suggests a link between microbial imbalances and diseases such as Alzheimer’s, although multiple other contributing factors, such as genetics, also play a part. Additionally, recent [...] Read more.
Background: The gut microbiome directly impacts brain health and activity, meaning the two are closely associated. This relationship suggests a link between microbial imbalances and diseases such as Alzheimer’s, although multiple other contributing factors, such as genetics, also play a part. Additionally, recent studies discovered that cerebrospinal fluid has some microbial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), which can be interpreted to mean a microbiome exists in the brain too. The vagus nerve and the central nervous and immune systems are responsible for the connection between the brain and gut microbiome. Aims and Objectives: The main aim of this systematic review is to analyze existing research on the gut–brain axis and the brain microbiome to fill the current knowledge gap. Materials and Methods: A search was conducted on the PubMed database based on a set of predefined MeSH terms. Results: After the search, 2716 articles meeting the MeSH parameters were found in PubMed. This list was then downloaded and analyzed according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria, and 63 relevant papers were selected. Discussion: Bacteria in the gut microbiome produce some substances that are considered neuroactive. These compounds can directly or indirectly affect brain function through the gut–brain axis. However, various knowledge gaps on the mechanisms involved in this connection need to be addressed first. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain-Microbiome Interactions: 2nd Edition)
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16 pages, 788 KiB  
Review
Exploring the Frontier: The Human Microbiome’s Role in Rare Childhood Neurological Diseases and Epilepsy
by Newell Belnap, Keri Ramsey, Sophia T. Carvalho, Lexi Nearman, Hannah Haas, Matt Huentelman and Keehoon Lee
Brain Sci. 2024, 14(11), 1051; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14111051 - 23 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1926
Abstract
Emerging research into the human microbiome, an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on our bodies, reveals that it plays a pivotal role in maintaining our health, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based interventions to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage a myriad of [...] Read more.
Emerging research into the human microbiome, an intricate ecosystem of microorganisms residing in and on our bodies, reveals that it plays a pivotal role in maintaining our health, highlighting the potential for microbiome-based interventions to prevent, diagnose, treat, and manage a myriad of diseases. The objective of this review is to highlight the importance of microbiome studies in enhancing our understanding of rare genetic epilepsy and related neurological disorders. Studies suggest that the gut microbiome, acting through the gut–brain axis, impacts the development and severity of epileptic conditions in children. Disruptions in microbial composition can affect neurotransmitter systems, inflammatory responses, and immune regulation, which are all critical factors in the pathogenesis of epilepsy. This growing body of evidence points to the potential of microbiome-targeted therapies, such as probiotics or dietary modifications, as innovative approaches to managing epilepsy. By harnessing the power of the microbiome, we stand to develop more effective and personalized treatment strategies for children affected by this disease and other rare neurological diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Brain-Microbiome Interactions: 2nd Edition)
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