Recent Progress in Functional Polymers for Biosensors

A special issue of Biosensors (ISSN 2079-6374). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosensor Materials".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2023) | Viewed by 4642

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Institute of Material Sciences, University of Connecticut, Bellevue, WA, USA
Interests: biopolymers; biosensors; electrochemical sensors; optical sensors; micro-total analysis; lab-on-a-chip; polymeric hydrogels; molecularly imprinted polymers
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Guest Editor
Department of Restorative Dentistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
Interests: biopolymers; biosensors; electrochemical sensors; optical sensors; micro-total analysis; lab-on-a-chip; polymeric hydrogels; molecularly imprinted polymers

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The study of biomedical engineering and biotechnology is rapidly advancing in fields, ranging from medical diagnostics to environmental remediation, important aspects of which are analyte detection, sensing, and quantification. Biosensing is rapidly developing in terms of high sensitivity, miniaturization, and on-site deployment for instant and continuous monitoring. In biomedical engineering, a biosensor often needs to be implantable and compatible with the tissue environment and its architecture. For environmental engineering, biodegradable and environmentally benign structures are desirable. This requires the employment of functional biopolymers not only for structural design, but also as a functional component in biosensor assemblies, which entails receptor elements for the recognition of analyte and transducer elements for conversion into an electrical signal. There has been immense progress in systems integrating microfluidics with optics or electrochemical methods, creating total analysis systems or lab-on-a-chip systems. Herein, functional polymers owe their usage to the flexibility of properties, their general inert nature, biocompatibility, ease of synthesis and processing, as well as cost. From conductive polymers and the electrochemical sensors of polymeric hydrogels to the use of polydimethylsiloxane in microfluidics, functional polymers owe their diverse properties to the rapid advancement in sensor applications spanning a wide range of structures. The ease of anchoring functional molecules for the detection of polymers to their applications in molecularly imprinted polymeric structures makes functional polymers excellent platforms for biosensing.

Dr. Baishali Kanjilal
Prof. Dr. Subrata Saha
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biopolymers
  • biosensors
  • electrochemical sensors
  • optical sensors
  • micro-total analysis
  • lab-on-a-chip
  • polymeric hydrogels
  • molecularly imprinted polymers

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 5747 KiB  
Article
An Enhanced Photosensitive Sensor Based on ITO/MWCNTs@Polymer Composite@BiVO4 for Quercetin Detection
by İrem Sarikaya, Esra Kaleoğlu, Soner Çakar, Cengiz Soykan and Mahmut Özacar
Biosensors 2023, 13(7), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13070729 - 13 Jul 2023
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Abstract
The fact that antioxidants scavenge free radicals in the human body and naturally treat many health problems that will occur in this way has increased the consumption of antioxidant-containing foods. However, consumption of artificially prepared antioxidants could cause cancer. Therefore, antioxidants from natural [...] Read more.
The fact that antioxidants scavenge free radicals in the human body and naturally treat many health problems that will occur in this way has increased the consumption of antioxidant-containing foods. However, consumption of artificially prepared antioxidants could cause cancer. Therefore, antioxidants from natural sources are preferred. Quercetin is an antioxidant present in natural samples. In this article, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), a polymer composite (PC) consisting of a mixture of 15% (by mass) polystyrene (PST), 15% (by mass) polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and 70% (by mass) polyindole (PIN), and semiconducting BiVO4 were used to prepare electrodes, and then a photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4-based sensor was fabricated for quercetin detection. Quercetin was analyzed via the photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 sensor in 0.1 M phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) solutions including various quercetin concentrations. The constructed quercetin sensor displayed a wide linear response between 10 and 200 μM and a limit of detection of 0.133 μM. The developed photosensitive ITO/MWCNTs@PC@BiVO4 demonstrated a high sensitivity (442 µA mM−1 cm−2), good reproducibility (relative standard deviation 3.6%), high selectivity and long-term stability (>49 days) towards quercetin sensing. The photoelectrochemical sensor was then applied to detection of quercetin in black tea as a real-life sample. Our study could lead to the development of novel photosensitive PC polyphenol sensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Functional Polymers for Biosensors)
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13 pages, 2911 KiB  
Article
A Novel Polyurethane-Based Polyion Complex Material with Tunable Selectivity against Interferents for Selective Dopamine Determination
by Zixin Zhang, Hongchen Guo, Yuugo Hirai, Katsunori Takeda, Chiho Asai, Naohiro Takamura and Osamu Niwa
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 638; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060638 - 09 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1063
Abstract
Polyion complex (PIC) materials have been widely used in biosensors due to their molecular selectivity. However, achieving both widely controllable molecular selectivity and long-term solution stability with traditional PIC materials has been challenging due to the different molecular structures of polycations (poly-C) and [...] Read more.
Polyion complex (PIC) materials have been widely used in biosensors due to their molecular selectivity. However, achieving both widely controllable molecular selectivity and long-term solution stability with traditional PIC materials has been challenging due to the different molecular structures of polycations (poly-C) and polyanions (poly-A). To address this issue, we propose a novel polyurethane (PU)-based PIC material in which the main chains of both poly-A and poly-C are composed of PU structures. In this study, we electrochemically detect dopamine (DA) as the analyte and L-ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) as the interferents to evaluate the selective property of our material. The results show that AA and UA are significantly eliminated, while DA can be detected with a high sensitivity and selectivity. Moreover, we successfully tune the sensitivity and selectivity by changing the poly-A and poly-C ratios and adding nonionic polyurethane. These excellent results were employed in the development of a highly selective DA biosensor with a detection range from 500 nM to 100 μM and a 3.4 μM detection limit. Overall, our novel PIC-modified electrode has the potential to advance biosensing technologies for molecular detection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Functional Polymers for Biosensors)
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Review

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23 pages, 2690 KiB  
Review
From Biochemical Sensor to Wearable Device: The Key Role of the Conductive Polymer in the Triboelectric Nanogenerator
by Zequan Zhao, Yajun Mi, Yin Lu, Qiliang Zhu, Xia Cao and Ning Wang
Biosensors 2023, 13(6), 604; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13060604 - 01 Jun 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 1850
Abstract
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have revolutionized energy harvesting and active sensing, holding tremendous potential in personalized healthcare, sustainable diagnoses, and green energy applications. In these scenarios, conductive polymers play a vital role in enhancing the performance of both TENG and TENG-based biosensors, enabling the [...] Read more.
Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have revolutionized energy harvesting and active sensing, holding tremendous potential in personalized healthcare, sustainable diagnoses, and green energy applications. In these scenarios, conductive polymers play a vital role in enhancing the performance of both TENG and TENG-based biosensors, enabling the development of flexible, wearable, and highly sensitive diagnostic devices. This review summarizes the impact of conductive polymers on TENG-based sensors, focusing on their contributions to triboelectric properties, sensitivity, detection limits, and wearability. We discuss various strategies for incorporating conductive polymers into TENG-based biosensors, promoting the creation of innovative and customizable devices tailored for specific healthcare applications. Additionally, we consider the potential of integrating TENG-based sensors with energy storage devices, signal conditioning circuits, and wireless communication modules, ultimately leading to the development of advanced, self-powered diagnostic systems. Finally, we outline the challenges and future directions in developing TENGs that integrate conducting polymers for personalized healthcare, emphasizing the need to improve biocompatibility, stability, and device integration for practical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in Functional Polymers for Biosensors)
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