The Kynurenine Pathway in Mood Disorders: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics

A special issue of Biomolecules (ISSN 2218-273X). This special issue belongs to the section "Biological Factors".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 17 November 2026 | Viewed by 827

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Psychiatry, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
Interests: circadian rhythm disorders; psychopharmacology; adult general psychiatry; Alzheimer’s dementia; cognition; depression

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The association of the kynurenine (Kyn) pathway of tryptophan catabolism with depression was suggested about 55 years ago. Importantly, key enzymes of the Kyn pathway are regulated by major factors associated with mood disorders: stress and inflammation. Dysregulation of the Kyn pathway might contribute to metabolic syndrome, which is highly associated with mood disorders.

Studies of the Kyn pathway in mood disorders are growing exponentially. This Special Issue, The Kynurenine Pathway in Mood Disorders: From Mechanisms to Therapeutics, aims to attract the most recent data on Kyn pathway abnormalities in mood disorders, with an emphasis on their translational potential.

Prof. Dr. Gregory F. Oxenkrug
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • kynurenine
  • tryptophan
  • mood disorders
  • stress
  • inflammation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

30 pages, 3826 KB  
Article
Biochemical and Pharmacological Studies on Kynurenic Acid Metabolism in the Helix pomatia—Snail Model of Learning and Memory
by Halina Baran and Carina Kronsteiner
Biomolecules 2026, 16(4), 603; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom16040603 - 18 Apr 2026
Viewed by 414
Abstract
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the L-kynurenine pathway of L-tryptophan degradation, is an endogenous blocker of glutamate ionotropic excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). KYNA plays a significant role in various neuropsychiatric disorders and the aging process. Some [...] Read more.
Kynurenic acid (KYNA), a metabolite of the L-kynurenine pathway of L-tryptophan degradation, is an endogenous blocker of glutamate ionotropic excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors and nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). KYNA plays a significant role in various neuropsychiatric disorders and the aging process. Some researchers have suggested that KYNA may contribute to memory impairment. In this study, we examined the impact of L-kynurenine (a KYNA substrate) and the anti-dementia drugs D-cycloserine and Cerebrolysin on kynurenine aminotransferase (KAT) activity, an enzyme forming KYNA, in liver homogenates of Helix pomatia snails. Furthermore, a memory model was established using these snails, wherein tentacle shortening served as an indicator of learning activity. In vitro experiments on Helix pomatia demonstrated the significant impact of L-kynurenine and anti-dementia drugs on KYNA synthesis. KYNA levels increased significantly in the presence of L-kynurenine in liver homogenate. However, KYNA formation decreased when anti-dementia drugs, including Cerebrolysin or D-cycloserine, were administered to the snails’ liver homogenate. L-kynurenine has been shown to impair the learning process in vivo in snails, but an anti-dementia drug has been demonstrated to reverse this effect. Significant inhibition of tentacle lowering was observed in response to L-kynurenine treatment, which corresponded with elevated KYNA levels in the central nervous system. Administering D-cycloserine or Cerebrolysin alongside L-kynurenine reversed its effects. The Helix pomatia memory model is a valuable tool for studying learning and memory formation in various conditions and in the presence of different pharmacological agents. A drug or natural extract that blocks KYNA synthesis has the ability to increase tentacle lowering and could be considered an anti-dementia agent. Furthermore, this metabolite may also protect against aging and delay damage to the central nervous system related to memory. Full article
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