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Biomedicines
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Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease
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Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease

A special issue of Biomedicines (ISSN 2227-9059). This special issue belongs to the section "Drug Discovery, Development and Delivery".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 11250

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jian Li

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Guest Editor
Center for Molecular and Translational Medicine, Georgia State University, 157 Decatur Street, SE, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
Interests: vascular biology; cardiovascular disease; metabolic diseases; evaluation of bioactive agents from natural sources
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Qilong Wang

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Guest Editor
Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
Interests: cardiovascular disease; metabolic disease; natural product
Dr. Jingrui Chen

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Washington State University, 412 E. Spokane Falls Blvd., Spokane, WA 99202‐2131, USA
Interests: cardiology; cardiothoracic surgery; cardiovascular pharmacology; drug cardiotoxicity

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular disease (CVD), generally referring to a group of disorders of the heart and vessels as well as their associated adverse conditions, has been the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The majority of CVD is caused by physiological or metabolic risk factors that can be controlled, modified or treated, such as hyperlipidemia, blood viscosity, atherosclerosis, hypertension, obesity and diabetes. Currently, the common therapeutical medication strategies of CVD have largely depended on lipid-lowering statins, blood thinners, and beta blockers. However, some patients do not achieve ideal effects from these traditional therapeutics. Therefore, there is still an unmet medical need to seek new therapeutic modalities for CVD treatment.

Natural products have been emerged as a novel source of leading compounds for cardiovascular drug discovery, because of their broad spectrum of pharmacological and biological activities, including lipid-lowering, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-thrombotic and immunomodulatory effects. Thus, in this Special Issue, we invite full-length research and review articles associated with the biological effect of natural products in preventing/counteracting cardiovascular diseases. This special issue only includes research “with defined molecular compound”.

The proposed topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Clinical or preclinical studies investigating natural products in the treatment of CVD
  • The role of natural products in preventing/counteracting vascular remodeling
  • The role of natural products in preventing/counteracting cardiac metabolic dysfunction
  • The use of natural products as leading compounds in drug discovery for the treatment of CVD
  • Pathogenesis and novel risk factors of CVD
  • Potential therapeutic targets of CVD

Dr. Jian Li
Prof. Dr. Qilong Wang
Dr. Jingrui Chen
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Biomedicines is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • nature products
  • phytochemicals
  • biological and pharmacological activity
  • cardiovascular disease (CVD)
  • pathogenesis of CVD
  • risk factors of CVD
  • metabolic symptom
  • clinical or preclinical studies

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 3100 KiB  
Article
Sakuranetin as a Potential Regulator of Blood Pressure in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats by Promoting Vasorelaxation through Calcium Channel Blockade
by Sujin Shin, Junkyu Park, Ho-Young Choi, Youngmin Bu and Kyungjin Lee
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020346 - 1 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 703
Abstract
Natural compounds, known for diverse pharmacological properties, have attracted attention as potential sources for hypertension treatment. Previous studies have revealed the hypotensive effect and vascular relaxation of prunetin, a natural compound derived from Prunus yedoensis. However, the potential blood pressure-lowering and vasorelaxant [...] Read more.
Natural compounds, known for diverse pharmacological properties, have attracted attention as potential sources for hypertension treatment. Previous studies have revealed the hypotensive effect and vascular relaxation of prunetin, a natural compound derived from Prunus yedoensis. However, the potential blood pressure-lowering and vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin, another representative compound found in plants belonging to the genus Prunus, have remained unexplored. We aimed to fill this gap by investigating the hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin in rats. Results indicated that sakuranetin, particularly in the sakuranetin 20 mg/kg group, led to significant reductions in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) by −14.53 ± 5.64% and −19.83 ± 6.56% at 4 h after administration. In the sakuranetin 50 mg/kg group, the SBP and DBP decreased by −13.27 ± 6.86% and −16.62 ± 10.01% at 2 h and by −21.61 ± 4.49% and −30.45 ± 5.21% at 4 h after administration. In addition, we identified the vasorelaxant effects of sakuranetin, attributing its mechanisms to the inhibition of calcium influx and the modulation of angiotensin II. Considering its hypotensive and vasorelaxant effects, sakuranetin could potentially serve as an antihypertensive agent. However, further research is required to evaluate the safety and long-term efficacy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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14 pages, 1871 KiB  
Article
Erucin Exerts Cardioprotective Effects on Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury through the Modulation of mitoKATP Channels
by Lorenzo Flori, Rosangela Montanaro, Eleonora Pagnotta, Luisa Ugolini, Laura Righetti, Alma Martelli, Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli, Carla Ghelardini, Vincenzo Brancaleone, Lara Testai and Vincenzo Calderone
Biomedicines 2023, 11(12), 3281; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11123281 - 12 Dec 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 905
Abstract
Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) [...] Read more.
Modulation of mitochondrial K channels represents a pharmacological strategy to promote cardioprotective effects. Isothiocyanates emerge as molecules capable of releasing hydrogen sulfide (H2S), an endogenous pleiotropic gasotransmitter responsible for anti-ischemic cardioprotective effects also through the involvement of mitoK channels. Erucin (ERU) is a natural isothiocyanate resulting from the enzymatic hydrolysis of glucosinolates (GSLs) present in Eruca sativa Mill. seeds, an edible plant of the Brassicaceae family. In this experimental work, the specific involvement of mitoKATP channels in the cardioprotective effect induced by ERU was evaluated in detail. An in vivo preclinical model of acute myocardial infarction was reproduced in rats to evaluate the cardioprotective effect of ERU. Diazoxide was used as a reference compound for the modulation of potassium fluxes and 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5HD) as a selective blocker of KATP channels. Specific investigations on isolated cardiac mitochondria were carried out to evaluate the involvement of mitoKATP channels. The results obtained showed ERU cardioprotective effects against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) damage through the involvement of mitoKATP channels and the consequent depolarizing effect, which in turn reduced calcium entry and preserved mitochondrial integrity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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Review

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21 pages, 2274 KiB  
Review
Vitamin D and Cardiovascular Diseases: From Physiology to Pathophysiology and Outcomes
by Matteo Nardin, Monica Verdoia, Simone Nardin, Davide Cao, Mauro Chiarito, Elvin Kedhi, Gennaro Galasso, Gianluigi Condorelli and Giuseppe De Luca
Biomedicines 2024, 12(4), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12040768 - 30 Mar 2024
Viewed by 833
Abstract
Vitamin D is rightly recognized as an essential key factor in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, affecting primary adequate bone mineralization. In the last decades, a more complex and wider role of vitamin D has been postulated and demonstrated. Cardiovascular diseases [...] Read more.
Vitamin D is rightly recognized as an essential key factor in the regulation of calcium and phosphate homeostasis, affecting primary adequate bone mineralization. In the last decades, a more complex and wider role of vitamin D has been postulated and demonstrated. Cardiovascular diseases have been found to be strongly related to vitamin D levels, especially to its deficiency. Pre-clinical studies have suggested a direct role of vitamin D in the regulation of several pathophysiological pathways, such as endothelial dysfunction and platelet aggregation; moreover, observational data have confirmed the relationship with different conditions, including coronary artery disease, heart failure, and hypertension. Despite the significant evidence available so far, most clinical trials have failed to prove any positive impact of vitamin D supplements on cardiovascular outcomes. This discrepancy indicates the need for further information and knowledge about vitamin D metabolism and its effect on the cardiovascular system, in order to identify those patients who would benefit from vitamin D supplementation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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23 pages, 1393 KiB  
Review
Novel Multi-Antioxidant Approach for Ischemic Stroke Therapy Targeting the Role of Oxidative Stress
by Camilo Briones-Valdivieso, Felipe Briones, Sofía Orellana-Urzúa, Silvia Chichiarelli, Luciano Saso and Ramón Rodrigo
Biomedicines 2024, 12(3), 501; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030501 - 23 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1143
Abstract
Stroke is a major contributor to global mortality and disability. While reperfusion is essential for preventing neuronal death in the penumbra, it also triggers cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, a paradoxical injury primarily caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood–brain barrier disruption. An oxidative burst [...] Read more.
Stroke is a major contributor to global mortality and disability. While reperfusion is essential for preventing neuronal death in the penumbra, it also triggers cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, a paradoxical injury primarily caused by oxidative stress, inflammation, and blood–brain barrier disruption. An oxidative burst inflicts marked cellular damage, ranging from alterations in mitochondrial function to lipid peroxidation and the activation of intricate signalling pathways that can even lead to cell death. Thus, given the pivotal role of oxidative stress in the mechanisms of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury, the reinforcement of the antioxidant defence system has been proposed as a protective approach. Although this strategy has proven to be successful in experimental models, its translation into clinical practice has yielded inconsistent results. However, it should be considered that the availability of numerous antioxidant molecules with a wide range of chemical properties can affect the extent of injury; several groups of antioxidant molecules, including polyphenols, carotenoids, and vitamins, among other antioxidant compounds, can mitigate this damage by intervening in multiple signalling pathways at various stages. Multiple clinical trials have previously been conducted to evaluate these properties using melatonin, acetyl-L-carnitine, chrysanthemum extract, edaravone dexborneol, saffron, coenzyme Q10, and oleoylethanolamide, among other treatments. Therefore, multi-antioxidant therapy emerges as a promising novel therapeutic option due to the potential synergistic effect provided by the simultaneous roles of the individual compounds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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24 pages, 661 KiB  
Review
The Use of Nigella sativa in Cardiometabolic Diseases
by Giuseppe Derosa, Angela D’Angelo, Pamela Maffioli, Laura Cucinella and Rossella Elena Nappi
Biomedicines 2024, 12(2), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12020405 - 9 Feb 2024
Viewed by 2257
Abstract
Nigella sativa L. is an herb that is commonly used in cooking and in traditional medicine, particularly in Arab countries, the Indian subcontinent, and some areas of eastern Europe. Nigella sativa is also called “black cumin” or “black seeds”, as the seeds are [...] Read more.
Nigella sativa L. is an herb that is commonly used in cooking and in traditional medicine, particularly in Arab countries, the Indian subcontinent, and some areas of eastern Europe. Nigella sativa is also called “black cumin” or “black seeds”, as the seeds are the most-used part of the plant. They contain the main bioactive component thymoquinone (TQ), which is responsible for the pleiotropic pharmacological properties of the seeds, including anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypertensive, anti-hepatotoxic, hypoglycemic, and lipid-lowering properties. In this narrative review, both the potential mechanisms of action of Nigella sativa and the fundamental role played by pharmaceutical technology in optimizing preparations based on this herb in terms of yield, quality, and effectiveness have been outlined. Moreover, an analysis of the market of products containing Nigella sativa was carried out based on the current literature with an international perspective, along with a specific focus on Italy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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40 pages, 1460 KiB  
Review
Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review
by Roland Gál, Róbert Halmosi, Ferenc Gallyas, Jr., Michael Tschida, Pornthira Mutirangura, Kálmán Tóth, Tamás Alexy and László Czopf
Biomedicines 2023, 11(11), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11112888 - 25 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1875
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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18 pages, 1819 KiB  
Review
Management of Obesity-Related Inflammatory and Cardiovascular Diseases by Medicinal Plants: From Traditional Uses to Therapeutic Targets
by Bashar Saad
Biomedicines 2023, 11(8), 2204; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines11082204 - 5 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1837
Abstract
Inflammation is a crucial factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiac remodeling in the presence of persistent inflammation leads to myocardial fibrosis and extracellular matrix changes, which reduce cardiac function, induce arrhythmias, and finally, cause heart failure. The majority [...] Read more.
Inflammation is a crucial factor in the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cardiac remodeling in the presence of persistent inflammation leads to myocardial fibrosis and extracellular matrix changes, which reduce cardiac function, induce arrhythmias, and finally, cause heart failure. The majority of current CVD treatment plans concentrate on reducing risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension. One such strategy could be inflammation reduction. Numerous in vitro, animal, and clinical studies indicate that obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of medicinal plants and phytochemicals to cure and prevent obesity and inflammation. In comparison to conventional therapies, the synergistic effects of several phytochemicals boost their bioavailability and impact numerous cellular and molecular targets. Focusing on appetite, pancreatic lipase activity, thermogenesis, lipid metabolism, lipolysis and adipogenesis, apoptosis in adipocytes, and adipocyte life cycle by medicinal plants and phytochemicals represent an important goal in the development of new anti-obesity drugs. We conducted an extensive review of the literature and electronic databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and MedlinePlus, for collecting data on the therapeutic effects of medicinal plants/phytochemicals in curing obesity and its related inflammation and CVD diseases, including cellular and molecular mechanisms, cytokines, signal transduction cascades, and clinical trials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Role of Natural Product in Cardiovascular Disease)
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