Mechanisms Underlying Neuronal Network Activity

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuroscience".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 May 2026 | Viewed by 12643

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Laboratorio de Neuromodulación, Instituto de Fisiología, BUAP, Puebla 72570, Mexico
Interests: neurons; brain circuits; NMDA receptors; acetylcholine; excitability; Parkinson’s; schizophrenia; learning; attention

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

I would like to invite you to review the state of the art in the field of NMDA receptors and how acetylcholine can modulate brain circuits. Recent research findings suggest that acetylcholine can co-activate NMDA receptors. Acetylcholine is produced by Meynert nuclei or in cholinergic interneurons in the basal ganglia, among other cholinergic nuclei in the central nervous system. In general, glycine is proposed as a co-activator. However, in the central nervous system, explicitly in the brain cortex, glycinergic cells are not present. This discrepancy may therefore warrant further investigation. As NMDA receptors have been studied under the assumption that glycine is required for them to function, we invite you to delve deeper and address the following question: what happens if NMDA receptors do not require glycine?

In this regard, we can work together to determine the actions of dopamine and serotonin based on this new approach.

Dr. Jorge Flores-Hernandez
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • neurons
  • brain circuits
  • NMDA receptors
  • acetylcholine
  • excitability
  • Parkinson’s
  • schizophrenia
  • learning
  • attention

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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21 pages, 3258 KB  
Article
Acute Exercise Fatigue Impairs Cognitive Control: Neurophysiological Mechanisms Revealed by ERP and ERSP Analyses
by Shuqi Yao, Hongwei Lu, Longhai Zhang, Fujie Liu, Fuhai Ma and Aiping Chi
Biology 2025, 14(12), 1688; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14121688 - 27 Nov 2025
Viewed by 1714
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute exhaustion exercise on cognitive control in young men, a key higher cognitive function for goal-directed behavior. Although long-term regular exercise benefits cognition, the effects of acute exhaustion exercise on cognitive control and its neural [...] Read more.
This study aimed to investigate the effects of acute exhaustion exercise on cognitive control in young men, a key higher cognitive function for goal-directed behavior. Although long-term regular exercise benefits cognition, the effects of acute exhaustion exercise on cognitive control and its neural mechanisms are not fully understood. 35 male college students completed a Stroop task before and after exhaustion exercise on a cycle ergometer with incremental load. Electroencephalogram data were collected synchronously during the task. Behavioral measures (accuracy, reaction time), Event-Related Potential components (N2, P3 amplitudes and latencies), and Event-Related Spectral Perturbation (energy changes in theta, alpha, beta frequency bands) were analyzed. Results: Behavioral results showed that task accuracy only significantly decreased under the conflict condition (incongruent trials) following exhaustive exercise. ERP analysis revealed that the P3 amplitude at the anterior site (Fz) was significantly reduced post-exercise, but specifically for the incongruent condition, while the N2 amplitude demonstrated a more widespread enhancement. Time–frequency analysis found a significant decrease in alpha-band power over the parietal region after exercise. Theta and beta band activities were not significantly affected by exercise-induced fatigue. Conclusions: Acute exhaustive exercise did not impair early conflict monitoring functions (as indicated by stable N2 component and theta oscillations), but it compromised later higher-order cognitive processes related to attentional resource allocation and conflict resolution (manifested as reduced anterior P3 amplitude), accompanied by decreased efficiency in neural oscillatory activity associated with inhibitory control (reduced alpha power). This suggests that fatigue primarily affects the neural mechanisms of the “implementation” stage rather than the “monitoring” stage in the cognitive control cascade. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms Underlying Neuronal Network Activity)
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Review

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22 pages, 1294 KB  
Review
Injury-Driven Structural and Molecular Modifications in Nociceptors
by Mario García-Domínguez
Biology 2025, 14(7), 788; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070788 - 29 Jun 2025
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 5649
Abstract
Peripheral tissue injury initiates a multifaceted cascade of structural and molecular modifications within nociceptors, the primary sensory neurons tasked with detecting noxious stimuli. These alterations play a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of pain states, encompassing acute and chronic pain. Structural [...] Read more.
Peripheral tissue injury initiates a multifaceted cascade of structural and molecular modifications within nociceptors, the primary sensory neurons tasked with detecting noxious stimuli. These alterations play a crucial role in the induction and maintenance of pain states, encompassing acute and chronic pain. Structural remodeling includes alterations in axonal architecture, dendritic morphology, and synaptic connectivity, collectively impacting nociceptor excitability and functional integration. Simultaneously, molecular adaptations comprise the regulation of ion channels, receptor expression, and intracellular signaling pathways, as well as transcriptional reprogramming that modulates nociceptive signaling. This review synthesizes current evidence regarding the cellular and molecular bases of injury-induced plasticity in nociceptors, identifying prospective targets for therapeutic intervention to counteract maladaptive sensitization. Elucidating these processes is critical for the advancement of pain treatment strategies and for enhancing clinical outcomes in individuals experiencing neuropathic pain secondary to tissue injury. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms Underlying Neuronal Network Activity)
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18 pages, 1722 KB  
Review
The Neural Mechanisms of Visual and Vestibular Interaction in Self-Motion Perception
by Jing Liu and Fu Zeng
Biology 2025, 14(7), 740; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology14070740 - 21 Jun 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3961
Abstract
Self-motion perception is a complex multisensory process that relies on the integration of various sensory signals, particularly visual and vestibular inputs, to construct stable and unified perceptions. It is essential for spatial navigation and effective interaction with the environment. This review systematically explores [...] Read more.
Self-motion perception is a complex multisensory process that relies on the integration of various sensory signals, particularly visual and vestibular inputs, to construct stable and unified perceptions. It is essential for spatial navigation and effective interaction with the environment. This review systematically explores the mechanisms and computational principles underlying visual–vestibular integration in self-motion perception. We first outline the individual contributions of visual and vestibular cues and then introduce Bayesian inference as a normative framework for the quantitative modeling of multisensory integration. We also discuss multisensory recalibration as a critical mechanism in resolving conflicts between sensory inputs and maintaining perceptual stability. Using heading perception as a model system, we further describe the relevant visual and vestibular pathways involved in this process, as well as the brain regions involved. Finally, we discuss the neural mechanisms mediating visual–vestibular interactions through models of the Bayesian optimal integration and divisive normalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mechanisms Underlying Neuronal Network Activity)
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