Forensic Identification in a Multidisciplinary Perspective: Focusing on Big Challenges

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Biochemistry and Molecular Biology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 1501

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
2. Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, Centre for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
Interests: forensic anthropology; forensic identification; skeletal biology; human evolution
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Centre for Forensic Anthropology, School of Social Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6907, Australia
Interests: age estimation; forensic identification; trauma dating; biological anthropology; palaeoanthropology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Forensic experts are increasingly facing significant challenges in identifying human remains in their casework, whether in everyday or exceptional circumstances. This Special Issue aims to address specific cases in forensic identification, namely of bodies in an advanced state of preservation, burned remains, and body parts recovered in the water, among others.

The holistic perspective of identification is central to this Special Issue, encompassing the knowledge from many various scientific disciplines used in forensic practice, such as dermatoglyphics, genetics, odontology, anthropology, or pathology The importance of the combination of methods, contextual information, and personal belongings or other artefacts are also considered.

The aim is to emphasize the importance of collaborative, evidence-based, and unbiased approaches, making use of cutting-edge technologies and the know-how of a team of experts.

In this Special Issue, theoretical articles on various identification challenges and particularly demanding case studies are welcome. For example, cases where a person had two DNAs, cases with a fundamental role of anatomical variants in identification, or cases of highly decomposed or burnt remains are of particular interest.

Prof. Dr. Eugénia Cunha
Dr. Zuzana Obertová
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • forensics
  • forensic identification
  • forensic anthropology
  • human remains
  • forensic cases

Published Papers (1 paper)

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10 pages, 2719 KiB  
Technical Note
Assessment of Anatomical Uniqueness of Maxillary Sinuses through 3D–3D Superimposition: An Additional Help to Personal Identification
by Andrea Palamenghi, Annalisa Cappella, Michaela Cellina, Danilo De Angelis, Chiarella Sforza, Cristina Cattaneo and Daniele Gibelli
Biology 2023, 12(7), 1018; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology12071018 - 18 Jul 2023
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Abstract
Paranasal sinuses represent one of the most individualizing structures of the human body and some of them have been already analyzed for possible applications to personal identification, such as the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. This study explores the application of 3D–3D superimposition to [...] Read more.
Paranasal sinuses represent one of the most individualizing structures of the human body and some of them have been already analyzed for possible applications to personal identification, such as the frontal and sphenoid sinuses. This study explores the application of 3D–3D superimposition to maxillary sinuses in personal identification. One hundred head CT-scans of adult subjects (equally divided among males and females) were extracted from a hospital database. Maxillary sinuses were segmented twice from each subject through ITK-SNAP software and the correspondent 3D models were automatically superimposed to obtain 100 matches (when they belonged to the same person) and 100 mismatches (when they were extracted from different individuals), both from the right and left side. Average RMS (root mean square) point-to-point distance was then calculated for all the superimpositions; differences according to sex, side, and group (matches and mismatches) were assessed through three-way ANOVA test (p < 0.017). On average, RMS values were lower in matches (0.26 ± 0.19 mm in males, 0.24 ± 0.18 mm in females) than in mismatches (2.44 ± 0.87 mm in males, 2.20 ± 0.73 mm in females) with a significant difference (p < 0.001). No significant differences were found according to sex or side (p > 0.017). The study verified the potential of maxillary sinuses as reliable anatomical structures for personal identification in the forensic context. Full article
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