Insect Habits, Habitats and Interactions

A special issue of Biology (ISSN 2079-7737). This special issue belongs to the section "Ecology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 2208

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68198, USA
Interests: forensic entomology; entomology; insect ecology; ecophysiology; thermal biology; conservation biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

As the dominant form of animal life on the planet, insects encompass a startling array of adaptations and relationships with other animals and plants. In this Special Issue, we examine these adaptations through considering their unique life histories, life history traits, and interactions with other organisms. The ecological and evolutionary success of insects is reflected by their occupation of most terrestrial habitats and many highly specialized niches. Similarly, the influence of insect adaptation is further illustrated by the impact of insects on the evolution of other groups, like flowering plants; by coevolutionary relationships; and by the key role insects play in the life histories of many microbes, especially plant and animal pathogens. Two over-arching adaptations, flight and complete metamorphosis, account for much of the success of Insecta as a group, but other more limited traits, like sociality, allow certain insects to become the preeminent predators and herbivores in their habitat. Thus, a focus on insect adaptation, be it morphological, physiological, or behavioral, helps us gain insight into why insects are so dominant.

Dr. Leon G. Higley
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • adaptation
  • Insecta
  • plant–insect interactions
  • life history
  • niche
  • coevolution
  • pollination
  • disease transmission
  • insect flight
  • metamorphosis
  • sociality

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 3694 KB  
Article
Floral Niche Selection by a Generalist Predator: Chemo-Orientation of Orius maxidentex to Celosia argentea Volatiles
by Yinyi Liu, Wei Gan, Xia Shi, Zhengpei Ye, Fan Song, Hu Li, Wanzhi Cai, Jianyun Wang and Junyu Chen
Biology 2026, 15(8), 658; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080658 - 21 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Plant volatiles are critical mediators of insect–plant interactions, guiding natural enemies to specific habitats and prey. The flower bug, Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), is a generalist predator that exhibits a specialized ecological association with the weed Celosia argentea L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), utilizing [...] Read more.
Plant volatiles are critical mediators of insect–plant interactions, guiding natural enemies to specific habitats and prey. The flower bug, Orius maxidentex Ghauri (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), is a generalist predator that exhibits a specialized ecological association with the weed Celosia argentea L. (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), utilizing the plant as a primary floral niche in Hainan Island. In this study, the attractiveness of C. argentea floral volatiles to O. maxidentex was confirmed using a Y-tube olfactometer. Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was utilized to identify six compounds in the floral volatiles: 1,3-diethenylbenzene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-bisabolene, methyl salicylate, 3-ethylbenzaldehyde, and nonanal. Electroantennogram (EAG) assays revealed that O. maxidentex antennae showed significant physiological responses to these compounds, and the EAG relative values were positively correlated with concentration gradients. Furthermore, O. maxidentex exhibited significant orientation responses to 1,3-diethenylbenzene, trans-cinnamaldehyde, β-bisabolene, and methyl salicylate, whereas no behavioral response was observed for 3-ethylbenzaldehyde or nonanal. Further tests revealed that β-bisabolene elicited the highest attractiveness, comparable to a synthetic blend formulated to mimic the natural release ratio of the active semiochemicals. These findings reveal the hidden chemical cues mediating the interaction between a predator and its preferred habitat. Understanding this mechanism not only helps explain insect adaptation but also offers new strategies for using these plant volatiles to influence the behavior of this specific predator, potentially enhancing its targeted recruitment in agroecosystems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Habits, Habitats and Interactions)
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10 pages, 820 KB  
Article
The Effect of Environment on Ventral Abdominal Temperature in Five Tiger Beetle Species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
by John L. Bowley, Leon G. Higley and Robert K. D. Peterson
Biology 2026, 15(8), 599; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15080599 - 10 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Recent work demonstrated that Cicindelidia hemorrhagica (LeConte) inhabiting geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) possess morphological traits that reduce internal heat load when exposed to bottom-up thermal stress. To investigate whether this pattern extends to other tiger beetle species occupying diverse environments, [...] Read more.
Recent work demonstrated that Cicindelidia hemorrhagica (LeConte) inhabiting geothermal springs in Yellowstone National Park (YNP) possess morphological traits that reduce internal heat load when exposed to bottom-up thermal stress. To investigate whether this pattern extends to other tiger beetle species occupying diverse environments, we quantified the internal abdominal temperatures of six species differing in habitat preference and putative thermal adaptation. Using a water-bath system that simulated surface heating, we compared the temperature differential (ΔT) between beetle-loaded and bare thermocouples across multiple temperatures. Linear mixed-effects models were used to evaluate the influence of location and species on internal temperature. Across all experimental temperatures, C. hemorrhagica exhibited the greatest ΔT values, indicating the lowest internal temperatures relative to the thermal environment, regardless of whether individuals originated from YNP or non-thermal Idaho habitats. In contrast, the warm-resilient Cicindela repanda (Dejean) and non-warm-adapted C. longilabris (Say) showed the smallest ΔT values and therefore the highest internal temperatures. Ventral abdominal coloration—ranging from bright red (C. sedecimpunctata (Klug)) to dark blue-green (C. oregona (Dejean))—did not correlate with internal temperatures, suggesting that it is a poor predictor of heat absorbance or reflectance under bottom-up heat exposure. These results indicate that C. hemorrhagica is uniquely effective at limiting internal heat gain from surface heating, and that it may possess a preadaptive morphological mechanism facilitating thermal resistance in geothermal habitats. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Habits, Habitats and Interactions)
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11 pages, 1408 KB  
Article
The Result Is Clear: Color Trap Preferences of Adult Necrophagous Flies
by Aidan E. Bonn, Karielly L. Castaneda, Clara L. Stump, Edward B. Mondor and Evan C. Lampert
Biology 2026, 15(7), 519; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology15070519 - 25 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Color vision plays a critical role in Diptera behavior, particularly in the detection of oviposition sites. Necrophagous Diptera, like the Calliphoridae, are of forensic importance because the larvae are commonly used to estimate minimum postmortem intervals of human remains. To better understand which [...] Read more.
Color vision plays a critical role in Diptera behavior, particularly in the detection of oviposition sites. Necrophagous Diptera, like the Calliphoridae, are of forensic importance because the larvae are commonly used to estimate minimum postmortem intervals of human remains. To better understand which species are present, flies are routinely sampled in different habitats using baited traps; however, the influence of trap color on capture efficiency remains poorly understood. In this study, baited bottle traps painted clear, blue, red, and yellow were deployed in wooded habitats to collect adult dipterans. Overall captures were dominated by Lucilia coeruleiviridis (Diptera: Calliphoridae). Clear traps consistently captured a greater diversity of Calliphoridae, Muscidae, and Sarcophagidae. In contrast, yellow traps captured the fewest individuals overall, while red and blue traps yielded intermediate numbers. Dipteran composition in red and yellow traps, however, differed from those in clear traps. Collectively, these results indicate that clear baited traps are more effective for sampling adult necrophagous Diptera, whereas yellow baited traps may be less suitable. Additional investigation is warranted to characterize the complex interactions between visual and olfactory cues underlying attraction and oviposition site selection in necrophagous dipterans. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Insect Habits, Habitats and Interactions)
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