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Bioengineering
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Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases
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Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases

A special issue of Bioengineering (ISSN 2306-5354). This special issue belongs to the section "Regenerative Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 August 2024) | Viewed by 19442

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Nikhlesh Singh

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
Interests: pathological angiogenesis; atherosclerosis; restenosis; proliferative retinopathies

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the most important contribution of vascular biology is to the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. During the last few decades, major research efforts have been undertaken to understand the cellular pathophysiology of various vascular diseases. The vascular system is necessary for the homeostasis of each cell of the organism, and the blood flow distribution within an organism is dynamically regulated to match the changing metabolic demand. Not only is the amount of blood flow through different territories regulated according to demand, but the vascular wall constitutes a regulated barrier for the transport or exclusion of small metabolites, proteins, and circulating blood cells. The vessel wall is mainly made of smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, and the coordination of endothelial and smooth muscle cell function does not rely solely on the intercellular signaling generated in a particular vessel segment, but also on the longitudinal communication along the whole vessel length. Therefore, a thorough analysis of the changes in cellular signaling is required to understand the morphological and functional modifications observed in diverse pathological and clinical conditions.

This Special Issue on “Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases” invites original research papers and comprehensive reviews on the role of multiple signaling pathways in the progression of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, aneurysm, coronary artery disease, stroke, vascular calcification, and arteriovenous malformations.

Dr. Nikhlesh Singh
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Bioengineering is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • endothelial cells
  • smooth muscle cells
  • atherosclerosis
  • restenosis
  • stroke
  • hypertension

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2028 KiB  
Article
Utilizing Integrated Bioinformatics Analysis to Explore Potential Alterations in Mitochondrial Function Within Immune Cells Associated with Thoracic Aortic Aneurysms
by Chang Guan, Si-Xu Chen, Chun-Ling Huang, Yi-Peng Du, Kai-Hao Wang, Pei-Xin Li, Shen-Rong Liu, Zhao-Yu Liu and Zheng Huang
Bioengineering 2025, 12(2), 197; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering12020197 - 17 Feb 2025
Viewed by 694
Abstract
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a life-threatening peripheral vascular disease with a complex pathogenesis. Altered mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells has been implicated in TAA development. However, the link between mitochondrial functional status and immune cell behavior in TAA patients remains [...] Read more.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm (TAA) is a life-threatening peripheral vascular disease with a complex pathogenesis. Altered mitochondrial function in vascular smooth muscle cells has been implicated in TAA development. However, the link between mitochondrial functional status and immune cell behavior in TAA patients remains largely unexplored. In this study, we analyzed several bulk RNA-seq and snRNA-seq datasets of TAA from the NCBI-GEO and Genome Sequence Archive database, identifying differentially expressed mitochondrial-related genes (DE-MRGs). To assess mitochondrial function, we calculated a mitoscore to represent the overall expression level of MRGs. Our analysis revealed mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis occurring in M1 macrophages, while CD4 + T cells demonstrated the activation of quality control mechanisms, such as mitochondrial fission. Through LASSO regression and SVM-RFE, we identified key MRGs, including MUCB, ARRB2, FRG, and ALPL, which we further validated using TAA mouse models. Additionally, we found that DE-MRGs were closely linked to methionine metabolism. In conclusion, this study highlights mitochondrial dysfunction in immune cells associated with TAA, shedding light on potential mitochondrial roles in TAA pathogenesis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases)
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13 pages, 3672 KiB  
Article
Comparative Evaluation of Various Extraction Techniques for Secondary Metabolites from Bombax ceiba L. Flowering Plants along with In Vitro Anti-Diabetic Performance
by Sara Yasien, Muhammad Muntazir Iqbal, Mohsin Javed, Maha Abdallah Alnuwaiser, Shahid Iqbal, Qaiser Mahmood, Eslam B. Elkaeed, Ayed A. Dera, Hamad Alrbyawi, Rami Adel Pashameah, Eman Alzahrani and Abd-ElAziem Farouk
Bioengineering 2022, 9(10), 486; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9100486 - 20 Sep 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3172
Abstract
Bombax ceiba L. (Family: Malvaceae) was rightly called the “silent doctor” in the past as every part of it had medicinal value. For centuries, humans have used this plant according to the traditional medicinal systems of China, Ayurveda, and tribal communities. Recently, with [...] Read more.
Bombax ceiba L. (Family: Malvaceae) was rightly called the “silent doctor” in the past as every part of it had medicinal value. For centuries, humans have used this plant according to the traditional medicinal systems of China, Ayurveda, and tribal communities. Recently, with an emerging interest in herbals, attention has been paid to scientifically validating medicinal claims for the treatment of diabetes using secondary metabolites of B. ceiba L. flowers. In the present study, specific secondary metabolites from the flowers of B. ceiba L. were isolated in good yield using the solvent extraction methodology, and their in vitro anti-diabetic efficacy was examined. Extraction efficiency of each solvent for secondary metabolites was found in following order: water > ethanol> methanol > chloroform > petroleum ether. Quantitative analysis of secondary metabolites showed 120.33 ± 2.33 mg/gm polyphenols, 60.77 ± 1.02 mg/g flavonoids, 60.26 ± 1.20 mg/g glycosaponins, 0.167 ± 0.02 mg/g polysaccharides for water extract; 91.00 ± 1.00 mg/g polyphenols, 9.22 ± 1.02 mg/g flavonoids, 43.90 ± 0.30 mg/g glycosaponins, 0.090 ± 0.03 mg/g poly saccharides for ethanol extract; 52.00 ± 2.64 mg/g polyphenols, 35.22 ± 0.38 mg/g flavonoids, 72.26 ± 1.05 mg/g glycosaponins, 0.147 ± 0.01 mg/g polysaccharides for methanol extract; 11.33 ± 0.58 mg/g polyphenols, 23.66 ± 1.76 mg/g flavonoids, 32.8 ± 0.75 mg/g glycosaponins, 0.013 ± 0.02 mg/g polysaccharides for chloroform extract; and 3.33 ± 1.53 mg/g polyphenols, 1.89 ± 1.39 mg/g flavonoids, 21.67 ± 1.24 mg/g glycosaponins, 0.005 ± 0.01 mg/g polysaccharides for petroleum ether extract. Glucose uptake by yeast cells increased 70.38 ± 2.17% by water extract. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases)
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24 pages, 33188 KiB  
Article
Effects of Pulsatile Flow Rate and Shunt Ratio in Bifurcated Distal Arteries on Hemodynamic Characteristics Involved in Two Patient-Specific Internal Carotid Artery Sidewall Aneurysms: A Numerical Study
by Hang Yi, Mark Johnson, Luke C. Bramlage, Bryan Ludwig and Zifeng Yang
Bioengineering 2022, 9(7), 326; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070326 - 18 Jul 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2735
Abstract
The pulsatile flow rate (PFR) in the cerebral artery system and shunt ratios in bifurcated arteries are two patient-specific parameters that may affect the hemodynamic characteristics in the pathobiology of cerebral aneurysms, which needs to be identified comprehensively. Accordingly, a systematic study was [...] Read more.
The pulsatile flow rate (PFR) in the cerebral artery system and shunt ratios in bifurcated arteries are two patient-specific parameters that may affect the hemodynamic characteristics in the pathobiology of cerebral aneurysms, which needs to be identified comprehensively. Accordingly, a systematic study was employed to study the effects of pulsatile flow rate (i.e., PFR−I, PFR−II, and PFR−III) and shunt ratio (i.e., 75:25 and 64:36) in bifurcated distal arteries, and transient cardiac pulsatile waveform on hemodynamic patterns in two internal carotid artery sidewall aneurysm models using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling. Numerical results indicate that larger PFRs can cause higher wall shear stress (WSS) in some local regions of the aneurysmal dome that may increase the probability of small/secondary aneurysm generation than under smaller PFRs. The low WSS and relatively high oscillatory shear index (OSI) could appear under a smaller PFR, increasing the potential risk of aneurysmal sac growth and rupture. However, the variances in PFRs and bifurcated shunt ratios have rare impacts on the time-average pressure (TAP) distributions on the aneurysmal sac, although a higher PFR can contribute more to the pressure increase in the ICASA−1 dome due to the relatively stronger impingement by the redirected bloodstream than in ICASA−2. CFD simulations also show that the variances of shunt ratios in bifurcated distal arteries have rare impacts on the hemodynamic characteristics in the sacs, mainly because the bifurcated location is not close enough to the sac in present models. Furthermore, it has been found that the vortex location plays a major role in the temporal and spatial distribution of the WSS on the luminal wall, varying significantly with the cardiac period. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases)
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Review

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25 pages, 1618 KiB  
Review
A Co-Culture System for Studying Cellular Interactions in Vascular Disease
by Abirami M. Padmanaban, Kumar Ganesan and Kunka Mohanram Ramkumar
Bioengineering 2024, 11(11), 1090; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111090 - 30 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3963
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, characterized by complications such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. The vascular endothelium, forming the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The dysfunction [...] Read more.
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality globally, characterized by complications such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, and coronary artery disease. The vascular endothelium, forming the inner lining of blood vessels, plays a pivotal role in maintaining vascular homeostasis. The dysfunction of endothelial cells contributes significantly to the progression of CVDs, particularly through impaired cellular communication and paracrine signaling with other cell types, such as smooth muscle cells and macrophages. In recent years, co-culture systems have emerged as advanced in vitro models for investigating these interactions and mimicking the pathological environment of CVDs. This review provides an in-depth analysis of co-culture models that explore endothelial cell dysfunction and the role of cellular interactions in the development of vascular diseases. It summarizes recent advancements in multicellular co-culture models, their physiological and therapeutic relevance, and the insights they provide into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVDs. Additionally, we evaluate the advantages and limitations of these models, offering perspectives on how they can be utilized for the development of novel therapeutic strategies and drug testing in cardiovascular research. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases)
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19 pages, 1413 KiB  
Review
Role of G-Proteins and GPCRs in Cardiovascular Pathologies
by Geetika Kaur, Shailendra Kumar Verma, Deepak Singh and Nikhlesh K. Singh
Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 76; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010076 - 6 Jan 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 7803
Abstract
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of [...] Read more.
Cell signaling is a fundamental process that enables cells to survive under various ecological and environmental contexts and imparts tolerance towards stressful conditions. The basic machinery for cell signaling includes a receptor molecule that senses and receives the signal. The primary form of the signal might be a hormone, light, an antigen, an odorant, a neurotransmitter, etc. Similarly, heterotrimeric G-proteins principally provide communication from the plasma membrane G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) to the inner compartments of the cells to control various biochemical activities. G-protein-coupled signaling regulates different physiological functions in the targeted cell types. This review article discusses G-proteins’ signaling and regulation functions and their physiological relevance. In addition, we also elaborate on the role of G-proteins in several cardiovascular diseases, such as myocardial ischemia, hypertension, atherosclerosis, restenosis, stroke, and peripheral artery disease. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Insights into the Cellular Biology of Vascular Diseases)
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