Bioengineering

Editorial

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5 pages, 647 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Special Issue “Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease” Part I

by Naji Kharouf, Salvatore Sauro, Louis Hardan, Youssef Haikel and Davide Mancino

Bioengineering 2023, 10(1), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering10010055 - 1 Jan 2023

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2052

Abstract

Oral cavities provide an entry point for food and nutrients [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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Research

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15 pages, 1288 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Assessment of Quality of the Root Canal Filling and the Number of Visits Needed for Completing Primary Root Canal Treatment by Operators with Different Experience

by Krystyna Pietrzycka, Mateusz Radwanski, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Davide Mancino, Youssef Haikel and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska

Bioengineering 2022, 9(9), 468; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090468 - 13 Sep 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 8573

Abstract

The main goal of root canal treatment (RCT) is to eradicate or essentially diminish the microbial population within the root canal system and to prevent reinfection by a proper chemo-mechanical preparation and hermetic final obturation of the root canal space. The aim of [...] Read more.

The main goal of root canal treatment (RCT) is to eradicate or essentially diminish the microbial population within the root canal system and to prevent reinfection by a proper chemo-mechanical preparation and hermetic final obturation of the root canal space. The aim of this study was to assess the quality of the root canal filling and the number of visits needed for completing RCT by operators with different experience, including dentistry students (4th and 5th year), general dental practitioners (GDPs), and endodontists. Data from medical records of 798 patients were analyzed, obtaining 900 teeth and 1773 obturated canals according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. A similar number of teeth was assessed in each group in terms of density and length of root canal filling and number of visits. The larger number of visits and the lower quality of treatment was observed for 4th year students than for other groups (p < 0.05); in contrast, the endodontists needed the lowest number of visits to complete RCT and more often overfilled teeth than other operator groups (p < 0.05). Interestingly, no statistical difference in quality of root canal filling was noted between 5th year students, GPDs and endodontists. The treatment of lower teeth demanded statistically more visits than that of upper teeth (p < 0.05). The results of the study emphasize that most of the root canal filling performed by operators was considered adequate, regardless of tooth type, files used and number of visits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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13 pages, 1590 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparison of Wear of Interim Crowns in Accordance with the Build Angle of Digital Light Processing 3D Printing: A Preliminary In Vivo Study

by Hakjun Lee, Keunbada Son, Du-Hyeong Lee, So-Yeun Kim and Kyu-Bok Lee

Bioengineering 2022, 9(9), 417; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090417 - 25 Aug 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 2452

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the wear volume of interim crowns fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing according to the printing angle. A total of five patients undergoing the placement of a single crown on the mandibular molar were [...] Read more.

The aim of this study is to evaluate the wear volume of interim crowns fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing according to the printing angle. A total of five patients undergoing the placement of a single crown on the mandibular molar were included. Interim crowns were fabricated directly in the oral cavity using the conventional method. A digital light processing 3D printer was then used to fabricate crowns with build angles of 0, 45, and 90 degrees. Therefore, four fabricated interim crowns were randomly delivered to the patients, and each was used for one week. Before and after use, the intaglio surfaces of the interim crowns were scanned using a 3D scanner. The volume changes before and after use were measured, and changes in the height of the occlusal surface were evaluated using the root mean square value. Data normality was verified by statistical analysis, and the wear volume in each group was evaluated using a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference test (α = 0.05). Compared with the RMS values of the conventional method (11.88 ± 2.69 µm) and the 3D-printing method at 0 degrees (12.14 ± 2.38 µm), the RMS values were significantly high at 90 degrees (16.46 ± 2.39 µm) (p < 0.05). Likewise, there was a significant difference in the change in volume between the groups (p = 0.002), with a significantly higher volume change value at 90 degrees (1.74 ± 0.41 mm³) than in the conventional method (0.70 ± 0.15 mm³) (p < 0.05). A printing angle of 90 degrees is not recommended when interim crowns are fabricated using digital light processing 3D printing. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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11 pages, 1736 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effect of Different Desensitizers on Shear Bond Strength of Self-Adhesive Resin Cements to Dentin

by Alejandro Elizalde-Hernández, Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Cristina Pereira Isolan, Andressa Goicochea Moreira, J. Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón, Evandro Piva, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Walter Devoto, Ahmed Saad, Patrycja Proc and Monika Lukomska-Szymanska

Bioengineering 2022, 9(8), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080372 - 7 Aug 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2472

Abstract

The sealing and bonding characteristics of luting cements may be affected by the application of desensitizers containing ingredients that induce chemical interaction with dentin organic matrix. This study evaluated the effect of different desensitizers on the immediate and long-term shear bond strength (SBS) [...] Read more.

The sealing and bonding characteristics of luting cements may be affected by the application of desensitizers containing ingredients that induce chemical interaction with dentin organic matrix. This study evaluated the effect of different desensitizers on the immediate and long-term shear bond strength (SBS) of a self-adhesive resin cement (SARC) to dentin. Healthy bovine dentin specimens were used for the study. Gluma^® Desensitizer, Desensibilize Nano P^®, and Soothe^® desensitizer were used in study groups, while the control group did not receive any treatment. Next, SARC (RelyXTM U200) in cylindrical mold was applied to the sample surface. All specimens were stored at 37 °C for 24 h or six months and tested for SBS. Additionally, water contact angle was measured using an optical tensiometer. Results were analyzed by analysis of variance and Student-t tests (p ˂ 0.05). Application of the different types of desensitizers had no significant influence on immediate or long-term SBS of SARC to dentin (p > 0.05). Differences for water contact angle were not statistically significant among the tested groups (p = 0.450). Within the limitations of the present study, it can be concluded that the application of the different types of desensitizers had no significant influence on the SBS of a SARC to dentin. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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10 pages, 2171 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Adhesion of Resin to Lithium Disilicate with Different Surface Treatments before and after Salivary Contamination—An In-Vitro Study

by Ryan Harouny, Louis Hardan, Elie Harouny, Cynthia Kassis, Rim Bourgi, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Naji Kharouf, Vincent Ball and Carlos Khairallah

Bioengineering 2022, 9(7), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9070286 - 29 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2258

Abstract

The salivary contamination occurring at the try-in procedures of lithium disilicate (LDS) can jeopardize their bond strength. Various laboratory reports have concluded that applying 37% phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) could be considered as a predictable way of removing salivary contaminants. [...] Read more.

The salivary contamination occurring at the try-in procedures of lithium disilicate (LDS) can jeopardize their bond strength. Various laboratory reports have concluded that applying 37% phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) could be considered as a predictable way of removing salivary contaminants. An experimental method that consists of sealing the intaglio of the ceramic restorations with a layer of cured adhesive could allow consequent time saving for dental practitioners. It is, besides, necessary to establish an optimal decontamination protocol. Hence, this study aimed to determine the most efficient surface treatment, before and after salivary contamination, by comparing the adhesion between resin and LDS. In order to do so, five groups of ten specimens (n = 10) each underwent the different types of surface treatments before bonding, followed by 2500 cycles in the thermocycler. A shear bond strength (SBS) test was then conducted on a universal testing machine (YLE GmbH Waldstraße Bad König, Germany), followed by a fracture-type analysis on an optical microscope (Olympus BX53, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan). Statistical analysis was set with a level of significance of α = 0.05. The surface treatment significantly affected the SBS results. The decontamination with HF (12.59 ± 2.71 MPa) and H₃PO₄ (13.11 ± 1.03 MPa) obtained the highest values, silanizing only before contamination obtained intermediate values (11.74 ± 3.49 MPa), and silanizing both before and after the salivary contamination (10.41 ± 2.75 MPa) along with applying a bonding agent before contamination (9.65 ± 1.99 MPa) resulted in the lowest values. In conclusion, H₃PO₄ proved to be efficient, thus, allowing the practitioner to avoid the clinical use of HF; it can, therefore, be considered as a valid alternative. Presilanization and resilanization of specimens, along with applying a bonding agent before contamination, did not yield satisfying results. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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11 pages, 2160 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effectiveness of the REvision System and Sonic Irrigation in the Removal of Root Canal Filling Material from Oval Canals: An In Vitro Study

by Marc Krikor Kaloustian, Claire El Hachem, Carla Zogheib, Walid Nehme, Louis Hardan, Pamela Rached, Naji Kharouf, Youssef Haikel and Davide Mancino

Bioengineering 2022, 9(6), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9060260 - 19 Jun 2022

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2586

Abstract

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Endostar REvision system (Poldent, Warsaw, Poland) in the removal of filling materials from oval root canals using sonic irrigation as an additional cleaning method. Thirty human-extracted mandibular premolars with oval canals were prepared using [...] Read more.

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of the Endostar REvision system (Poldent, Warsaw, Poland) in the removal of filling materials from oval root canals using sonic irrigation as an additional cleaning method. Thirty human-extracted mandibular premolars with oval canals were prepared using the ProTaper Universal system (Dentsply Maillefer, Ballaigues, Switzerland) up to instrument F1 (20/.07), and then filled by the continuous wave vertical compaction technique using pulp canal sealer EWT (Sybron Dental Specialties, Orange, CA, USA). The teeth were randomly divided into two groups (n = 15) according to the instrumentation system and the additional cleaning method, as follows: REvision (30/.08, 25/.06) with EQ-S sonic activation (Meta Biomed, Chungcheongbuk-do, Korea), REvision (30/.08, 25/.06) without additional activation. All specimens were sectioned longitudinally at 3 and 7 mm from the apex, and analyzed using digital microscopy (KEYENCE, Osaka, Japan) to measure the total area of the residual obturation materials, followed by SEM analysis. The data on the percentage of remaining filling material were analyzed by Kruskal–Wallis one-way Analysis of Variance on ranks. None of the retreatment protocols completely removed the filling material from the root canals (p > 0.05); the retreatment technique using sonic activation showed statistically less residual filling materials than the retreatment technique using irrigants without activation at the coronal third (p < 0.05), whilst no significant difference was found between both tested groups at the apical and middle thirds (p > 0.05). The REvision system showed promising results in the removal of filling materials from oval canals. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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9 pages, 3233 KiB

Open AccessArticle

In Vitro Qualitative Evaluation of Root-End Preparation Performed by Piezoelectric Instruments

by Calogero Bugea, Federico Berton, Antonio Rapani, Roberto Di Lenarda, Giuseppe Perinetti, Eugenio Pedullà, Antonio Scarano and Claudio Stacchi

Bioengineering 2022, 9(3), 103; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030103 - 2 Mar 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2930

Abstract

Although the application of ultrasounds in endodontic surgery allows for effective debridement of the root canal, incorrect device setting or inefficient tips seem to generate cracks during root-end retropreparation. The primary aim of this in vitro study was to establish the presence, or [...] Read more.

Although the application of ultrasounds in endodontic surgery allows for effective debridement of the root canal, incorrect device setting or inefficient tips seem to generate cracks during root-end retropreparation. The primary aim of this in vitro study was to establish the presence, or absence, of a correlation between ultrasonic root-end preparation and the formation of cracks. The present study was conducted on human teeth, extracted for periodontal reasons. After root canal treatment, roots were resected 3 mm from the anatomical apex by using a high-speed handpiece and carbide burs. The resected teeth were retroprepared by using an ultrasonic tip (R1D, Piezomed, W&H, Bürmoos, Austria), setting the piezoelectric device at maximum power available for the tip. Time required for the retropreparation was recorded. Before and after retropreparation, all roots were photographed under a stereomicroscope and analyzed by two different operators to evaluate: (a) the presence and extension of dentinal cracks and (b) the morphology of root-end preparation. Finally, piezoelectric tips were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to evaluate morphologic changes after use. A total of 43 single roots (33 with one root canal, 10 with two root canals) were treated. Average preparation time was 1 minute and 54 seconds. None of the roots without initial cracks developed new cracks after retropreparation. Quality of the preparation margins was fairly equal among the prepared specimens. None of the piezoelectric tips broke during instrumentation, and SEM analysis showed minimal surface wear of the tips after performing 11 retropreparations. Within the limits of the present study, the tested piezoelectric system does not seem to represent a major cause for root crack formation. Pre-existing cracks may expand after ultrasound root-end preparation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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17 pages, 3375 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impacts of Resveratrol and Pyrogallol on Physicochemical, Mechanical and Biological Properties of Epoxy-Resin Sealers

by Naji Kharouf, Salvatore Sauro, Louis Hardan, Amr Fawzi, Ilona Eveline Suhanda, Jihed Zghal, Frédéric Addiego, Christine Affolter-Zbaraszczuk, Youri Arntz, Vincent Ball, Florent Meyer, Youssef Haikel and Davide Mancino

Bioengineering 2022, 9(3), 85; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030085 - 22 Feb 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3116

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental epoxy-resin sealers containing polyphenols such as resveratrol and pyrogallol. A conventional epoxy resin (OB) was modified by adding different concentrations of resveratrol (RS) or pyrogallol (PY) to its composition. Antibacterial and [...] Read more.

This study aimed at evaluating the physicochemical and biological properties of experimental epoxy-resin sealers containing polyphenols such as resveratrol and pyrogallol. A conventional epoxy resin (OB) was modified by adding different concentrations of resveratrol (RS) or pyrogallol (PY) to its composition. Antibacterial and antioxidant activities, mechanical properties, along with wettability and morphological changes were investigated. The results were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and multiple comparison tests (α = 0.05). The incorporation of the tested polyphenols into the epoxy resin enhanced its mechanical properties. PY demonstrated much better antioxidant and antibacterial activities than RS, which were associated with a higher release of PY. In contrast, PY showed a higher cytotoxicity than OB and OB doped with RS. OB containing PY presented a rougher surface and higher water absorption than OB doped with RS. Both tested polyphenols caused no notable changes to the overall porosity of OB. Resveratrol and pyrogallol may not only influence the morphology and mechanical properties of epoxy-resin sealers, but could also enhance antioxidant activity and antibacterial effects against Enterococcus faecalis. Most epoxy-resin sealers currently available in the market can be considered as “passive” materials. Thus, doping their composition with specific polyphenols may be a suitable strategy to confer some antibacterial properties, antioxidant potential, along with improvement of some mechanical properties. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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Review

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15 pages, 1349 KiB

Open AccessReview

Disinfection Procedures and Their Effect on the Microorganism Colonization of Dental Impression Materials: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of In Vitro Studies

by Louis Hardan, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Elizabeth Cornejo-Ríos, Vincenzo Tosco, Riccardo Monterubbianesi, Sara Mancino, Ammar Eid, Davide Mancino, Naji Kharouf and Youssef Haikel

Bioengineering 2022, 9(3), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9030123 - 16 Mar 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5820

Abstract

Dental impressions are contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms when they come into contact with patient blood, saliva, and plaque. Numerous disinfectants are used; however, no sole disinfectant can be designated as universal for all the impression materials. Thus, the aim of this study [...] Read more.

Dental impressions are contaminated with potentially pathogenic microorganisms when they come into contact with patient blood, saliva, and plaque. Numerous disinfectants are used; however, no sole disinfectant can be designated as universal for all the impression materials. Thus, the aim of this study is to systemically review the literature to evaluate the effect of the existing disinfection procedures on the bacterial colonization of dental impression materials. This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted according to the PRISMA statement. PubMed (MEDLINE), Web of Science, Scopus, EMBASE, and SciELO databases were screened up to April 2021. Eligibility criteria included in vitro studies reporting the antibacterial activity of disinfectant solutions in dental impression materials. The meta-analysis was performed using Review Manager (version 5.3.5). A global comparison was performed with the standardized mean difference based on random-effect models at a significance level of α = 0.05. A total of seven studies were included in the meta-analysis. The included studies described the effect of disinfection processes with chlorhexidine gluconate, alcohol, sodium hypochlorite, glutaraldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide in alginate, polyvinyl siloxane, and polyether impression materials. The meta-analyses showed that the use of chlorhexidine, alcohol, glutaraldehyde, and sodium hypochlorite reduced the colony-forming units by a milliliter (CFU/mL) in alginate (p < 0.001). On the other hand, glutaraldehyde, sodium hypochlorite, and alcohol reduced the CFU/mL in polyvinyl siloxane (p < 0.001). Finally, alcohol and glutaraldehyde reduced the CFU/mL in polyether material (p < 0.001). High heterogenicity was observed for the alginate and polyvinyl siloxane materials (I² = 74%; I² = 90%). Based on these in vitro studies, the disinfection of impression materials with several disinfection agents reduces the CFU/mL count. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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Other

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9 pages, 5032 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Maxillary Premolars with Four Canals: Case Series

by Calogero Bugea, Denise Irene Karin Pontoriero, Gaia Rosenberg, Giacomo Mario Gerardo Suardi, Gianmarco Calabria, Eugenio Pedullà, Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa, Francesco Sforza, Antonio Scarano, Roberto Luongo and Giovanni Messina

Bioengineering 2022, 9(12), 757; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9120757 - 2 Dec 2022

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3147

Abstract

The aim of this case series is to contribute to the better knowledge and management of the complex anatomical configurations of maxillary premolars with four canals. The paper explains the endodontic treatment of five maxillary premolars with four canals, with three buccal and [...] Read more.

The aim of this case series is to contribute to the better knowledge and management of the complex anatomical configurations of maxillary premolars with four canals. The paper explains the endodontic treatment of five maxillary premolars with four canals, with three buccal and one palatal orifices, in different patients. The cases report several approaches in the treatment of four-canal maxillary premolars including a conservative canal preparation with a hybrid shaping technique, endodontic microsurgery and the application of biomaterials. The use of an operating dental microscope, different operating strategies and the critical evaluation of radiographs are all necessary steps for the correct and safe endodontic management of these teeth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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10 pages, 2397 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

The Allogenic Dental Pulp Transplantation from Son/Daughter to Mother/Father: A Follow-Up of Three Clinical Cases

by Victor Pinheiro Feitosa, Mara Natiere Mota, Roseane Savoldi, Tainah Rifane, Diego de Paula, Livia Borges, Luzia Kelly Solheiro, Manoel Aguiar Neto, Lorena Vieira, Ana Carolina Moreira and Salvatore Sauro

Bioengineering 2022, 9(11), 699; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9110699 - 17 Nov 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3127

Abstract

The study investigated allogenic pulp transplantation as an innovative method of regenerative endodontic therapy. Three patients were selected for the endodontic treatment of single-root teeth, who also had a son/daughter with deciduous teeth or third molars scheduled for extraction. Receptor teeth were endodontically [...] Read more.

The study investigated allogenic pulp transplantation as an innovative method of regenerative endodontic therapy. Three patients were selected for the endodontic treatment of single-root teeth, who also had a son/daughter with deciduous teeth or third molars scheduled for extraction. Receptor teeth were endodontically instrumented and irrigated using a tri-antibiotic solution. During the transplant procedures, the teeth from the son/daughter were extracted, sectioned, and the pulp was carefully removed. The harvested pulp from the donor was inserted into the root canal of the host tooth (father/mother), followed by direct pulp capping and resin composite restoration. The teeth were followed-up with for 2 years and were surveyed with computed tomography, the electric pulp vitality test, and Doppler ultrasound examination. At the 6-month follow-up, positive pulp vitality and the formation of periapical lesions were verified in cases 1 and 2. Case 3 showed remarkable periapical radiolucency before transplantation, but after 1 year, such lesions disappeared and there was positive vitality. All teeth were revascularized as determined by Doppler imaging after 2 years with no signs of endodontic/periodontal radiolucency. In conclusion, although this was a case series with only three patients and four teeth treated, it is possible to suppose that this allogenic pulp transplantation protocol could represent a potential strategy for pulp revitalization in specific endodontic cases. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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14 pages, 7793 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Complicated Crown Fracture of Permanent Incisors: A Conservative Treatment Case Report and a Narrative Review

by Mateusz Radwanski, Corrado Caporossi, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Arlinda Luzi and Salvatore Sauro

Bioengineering 2022, 9(9), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9090481 - 18 Sep 2022

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 9905

Abstract

Dental trauma may have a severe impact on the social and psychological wellbeing of a patient. Most cases of dental injuries involve anterior teeth, especially the maxillary upper incisors. Crown fractures, with or without pulp exposure, are the most common trauma in permanent [...] Read more.

Dental trauma may have a severe impact on the social and psychological wellbeing of a patient. Most cases of dental injuries involve anterior teeth, especially the maxillary upper incisors. Crown fractures, with or without pulp exposure, are the most common trauma in permanent dentition. There are many methods of management, in which the initial state of the pulp, the time since the injury, and the presence of an accompanying injury play a key role. This case report aimed at showing a possible conservative treatment after complicated tooth fracture that consisted of partial pulpotomy followed by adhesive reattachment of the tooth fragment using a technique based on heated resin composite. Such a specific procedure represents a conservative approach to traumatic coronal lesions, providing a suitable opportunity to maintain the tooth vitality, aesthetics, and function. Indeed, reattachment of tooth fragment using a composite/adhesive is a simple technique to achieve excellent results in terms of aesthetic and function. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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13 pages, 507 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

Treatment of Tooth Wear Using Direct or Indirect Restorations: A Systematic Review of Clinical Studies

by Louis Hardan, Davide Mancino, Rim Bourgi, Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez, Monika Lukomska-Szymanska, Maciej Zarow, Natalia Jakubowicz, Juan Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón, Laura Kafa, Olivier Etienne, François Reitzer, Naji Kharouf and Youssef Haïkel

Bioengineering 2022, 9(8), 346; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9080346 - 27 Jul 2022

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 6865

Abstract

Tooth wear is considered a well-developed issue in daily clinical practice; however, there is no standard protocol for treatment. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the clinical outcomes of direct or indirect restorations for treating tooth [...] Read more.

Tooth wear is considered a well-developed issue in daily clinical practice; however, there is no standard protocol for treatment. The aim of this manuscript was to systematically review the literature to evaluate the clinical outcomes of direct or indirect restorations for treating tooth wear. A literature search was conducted through the PubMed MedLine, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, Scielo, and EMBASE databases up to 29 April 2022. Clinical studies evaluating the clinical performance of direct or indirect restorations for treating tooth wear for a minimum follow-up of 6 months were included in the review. A total of 2776 records were obtained from the search databases. After full-text reading, 16 studies were included in the qualitative analysis. Considering the high heterogenicity of the studies included, a meta-analysis could not be performed. All studies included the rehabilitation of anterior and posterior teeth with extensive wear, using both indirect and direct restorations for a maximum follow-up of 10 years. Restoration materials included ceramo-metal crowns, full gold crowns, lithium disilicate ceramic, zirconia, polymer infiltrated ceramic networks, and resin composites. Most of the reports assessed the survival rate of the restorations and the clinical features using the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) Evaluation System criteria. Contradictory discoveries were perceived concerning the type of restoration with better clinical performance. Considering the current literature available, there is no evidence in the superiority of any restoration technique to ensure the highest clinical performance for treating tooth wear. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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12 pages, 2735 KiB

Open AccessCase Report

Implant Periapical Lesion: Clinical and Histological Analysis of Two Case Reports Carried Out with Two Different Approaches

by Roberto Luongo, Fabio Faustini, Alessandro Vantaggiato, Giuseppe Bianco, Tonino Traini, Antonio Scarano, Eugenio Pedullà and Calogero Bugea

Bioengineering 2022, 9(4), 145; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9040145 - 29 Mar 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2773

Abstract

Periapical implantitis (IPL) is an increasingly frequent complication of dental implants. The causes of this condition are not yet entirely clear, although a bacterial component is certainly part of the etiology. In this case series study, two approaches will be described: because of [...] Read more.

Periapical implantitis (IPL) is an increasingly frequent complication of dental implants. The causes of this condition are not yet entirely clear, although a bacterial component is certainly part of the etiology. In this case series study, two approaches will be described: because of persistent IPL symptoms, a patient had the implant removed and underwent histological analysis after week 6 from implantation. The histomorphometric examination revealed a 35% bone-implant contact area involving the coronal two-thirds of the implant. The apical portion of the fixture on the other hand was affected by an inflammatory process detectable on radiography as a radiolucent area. The presence of a probable root fragment, detectable as an imprecise radiopaque mass in the zone where the implant was later placed, confirms the probable bacterial etiology of this case of IPL. On the other hand, in case number 2, the presence of IPL around the fixture was solved by surgically removing the implant apical third as well as the adjacent tooth apex. It may be concluded from our histological examination that removal of the apical portion of the fixture should be considered an effective treatment for IPL since the remaining implant segment remains optimally osseointegrated and capable of continuing its function as a prosthetic abutment. Careful attention, however, is required at the implantation planning stage to identify in advance any sources of infection in the edentulous area of interest which might compromise the final outcome. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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15 pages, 2259 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

The Biological Effects of 3D Resins Used in Orthodontics: A Systematic Review

by Inês Francisco, Anabela Baptista Paula, Madalena Ribeiro, Filipa Marques, Raquel Travassos, Catarina Nunes, Flávia Pereira, Carlos Miguel Marto, Eunice Carrilho and Francisco Vale

Bioengineering 2022, 9(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010015 - 3 Jan 2022

Cited by 21 | Viewed by 4908

Abstract

Three-dimensional (3D) resin medical-dental devices have been increasingly used in recent years after the emergence of digital technologies. In Orthodontics, therapies with aligners have gained popularity, mainly due to the aggressive promotion policies developed by the industry. However, their systemic effects are largely [...] Read more.

Three-dimensional (3D) resin medical-dental devices have been increasingly used in recent years after the emergence of digital technologies. In Orthodontics, therapies with aligners have gained popularity, mainly due to the aggressive promotion policies developed by the industry. However, their systemic effects are largely unknown, with few studies evaluating the systemic toxicity of these materials. The release of bisphenol A and other residual monomers have cytotoxic, genotoxic, and estrogenic effects. This systematic review aims to analyze the release of toxic substances from 3D resins used in Orthodontics and their toxic systemic effects systematically. The PICO question asked was, “Does the use of 3D resins in orthodontic devices induce cytotoxic effects or changes in estrogen levels?”. The search was carried out in several databases and according to PRISMA guidelines. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies were included. The in vitro studies’ risk of bias was assessed using the guidelines for the reporting of pre-clinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr. For the in vivo studies, the SYRCLE risk of bias tool was used, and for the clinical studies, the Cochrane tool. A total of 400 articles retrieved from the databases were initially scrutinized. Fourteen articles were included for qualitative analysis. The risk of bias was considered medium to high. Cytotoxic effects or estrogen levels cannot be confirmed based on the limited preliminary evidence given by in vitro studies. Evidence of the release of bisphenol A and other monomers from 3D resin devices, either in vitro or clinical studies, remains ambiguous. The few robust results in the current literature demonstrate the absolute need for further studies, especially given the possible implications for the young patient’s fertility, which constitutes one of the largest groups of patients using these orthodontic devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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43 pages, 1529 KiB

Open AccessSystematic Review

What Is the Most Effective Technique for Bonding Brackets on Ceramic—A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

by Inês Francisco, Raquel Travassos, Catarina Nunes, Madalena Ribeiro, Filipa Marques, Flávia Pereira, Carlos Miguel Marto, Eunice Carrilho, Bárbara Oliveiros, Anabela Baptista Paula and Francisco Vale

Bioengineering 2022, 9(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering9010014 - 3 Jan 2022

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3871

Abstract

Background: There has been an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment within the adult population, who likely receive restorative treatments using ceramic structures. The current state of the art regarding the most effective method to achieve an appropriate bond strength of brackets [...] Read more.

Background: There has been an increase in demand for orthodontic treatment within the adult population, who likely receive restorative treatments using ceramic structures. The current state of the art regarding the most effective method to achieve an appropriate bond strength of brackets on ceramic surfaces isn’t consensual. This systematic review aims to compare the available surface treatments to ceramics and determine the one that allows to obtain the best bond strength. Methods: This systematic review followed the PRISMA guidelines and the PICO methodology was used, with the question “What is the most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic crowns or veneers?”. The research was carried out in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase and Cochrane Library databases. In vitro and ex vivo studies were included. The methodological quality was evaluated using the guidelines for reporting of preclinical studies on dental materials by Faggion Jr. Results: A total of 655 articles searched in various databases were initially scrutinized. Sevety one articles were chosen for quality analysis. The risk of bias was considered medium to high in most studies. The use of hydrofluoric acid (HF), silane and laser afforded the overall best results. HF and HF plus laser achieved significantly highest bond strength scores in felsdphatic porcelain, while laser was the best treatment in lithium disilicate ceramics. Conclusions: The most effective technique for bonding brackets on ceramic is dependent on the type of ceramic. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Biomaterials and Dental Disease)

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