Battery Management in Electric Vehicles: Current Status and Future Trends: 3rd Edition

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Electric Vehicles and Mobile Energy Storage Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2026 | Viewed by 3232

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Li-ion batteries (LiBs) are an essential component of the zero-carbon energy transition around the world and for reaching COP26’s goal of securing global net-zero emissions by the middle of the century. However, their rapid growth is accompanied by significant drawbacks. It is expected that their continual demand for use in electric vehicles (EVs) will lead to global environmental and supply chain concerns, as the critical materials used in LiBs (e.g., cobalt, lithium, nickel, graphite, and manganese) are finite and mined in only a few regions around the world. This means we will eventually have to deal with significant battery waste. However, with appropriate and improved battery management in EVs, we can enhance the performance of these batteries, prolong their life in EVs, enable their use in secondary applications, and promote the recycling and reuse of EV batteries to mitigate global environmental and supply chain concerns. This Special Issue of Batteries aims to explore recent advances and future trends in battery management in EVs that will enable us to reach global net-zero emissions by the middle of the century.

Potential topics include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Innovative battery management system (BMS);
  • Artificial intelligence in battery management;
  • Enhanced algorithms for battery control and monitoring of the state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), state of power (SOP), etc;
  • Battery diagnostic and prognostic functions;
  • Thermal management for batteries;
  • Novel sensing methods to enhance battery safety and BMS’s operation;
  • Battery aging in EVs and its impact on secondary applications;
  • Non-destructive testing and diagnostics for thermal runaway and battery management;
  • New materials, advanced manufacturing methods, and novel cell and pack design for promoting the recycling and reuse of batteries;
  • Digital twins of batteries for performance optimization;
  • Multi-objective optimization strategies for batteries.

Dr. Prodip K. Das
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • artificial intelligence
  • battery management system
  • state of charge
  • state of health
  • state of power
  • thermal management
  • novel sensing method
  • battery aging
  • cell and pack design
  • recycling and reuse
  • digital twins
  • optimization

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

50 pages, 3749 KB  
Review
A Review of Nail Penetration and Thermal Abuse Tests of Lithium-Ion Batteries and Their Emission Characterization
by Ananthu Shibu Nair, Xiao-Yu Wu, Prodip K. Das and Michael Fowler
Batteries 2026, 12(2), 74; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries12020074 - 18 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2921
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are pivotal in electric vehicles (EVs), grid storage, and portable electronics, but their high energy density introduces safety risks, particularly thermal runaway (TR). TR can lead to fires, explosions, and hazardous emissions, posing severe health and environmental threats. Experimental investigation [...] Read more.
Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are pivotal in electric vehicles (EVs), grid storage, and portable electronics, but their high energy density introduces safety risks, particularly thermal runaway (TR). TR can lead to fires, explosions, and hazardous emissions, posing severe health and environmental threats. Experimental investigation of TR commonly relies on abuse testing methods, among which mechanical abuse via nail penetration (NP) and thermal abuse (TA) are widely used to simulate crash-induced and heat-driven failure scenarios, respectively. This review provides a comprehensive and comparative synthesis of NP and TA testing methodologies, examining how variations in test configuration, cell parameters (capacity, state of charge, and chemistry), and environmental conditions influence TR behavior and emission characteristics. Particular emphasis is placed on comparing reported emission profiles from NP- and TA-triggered TR events, including CO2, CO, HF, hydrocarbons, and solvent vapors, and identifying the methodological origins of discrepancies across studies. By systematically linking emission variability to gas collection methods, analytical techniques, and data normalization approaches, this review highlights key limitations in current testing standards related to emission characterization. Finally, recommendations are offered for harmonizing abuse testing protocols and improving experimental design to enhance reproducibility, enabling meaningful cross-study comparison, and supporting safer deployment of LIBs in high-risk applications such as EVs and grid-scale energy storage. Full article
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