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Batteries
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High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges
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High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges

A special issue of Batteries (ISSN 2313-0105). This special issue belongs to the section "Battery Modelling, Simulation, Management and Application".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 9374

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Ruizhi Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
The State Key Laboratory of Refractories and Metallurgy, Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, College of Materials and Metallurgy, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430081, China
Interests: supercapacitors; aqueous energy storage; batteries; iron-based oxides electrode materials
Dr. Hai Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Mathematics and Physics, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430079, China
Interests: supercapacitor; Zn ion battery; electrolyte

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Nowadays, the transformation from the combustion engine to electrified vehicles is a matter of fact and tremendously drives the demand for compact, high powder-density supercapacitors. Supercapacitors have many advantages on their fast charge and discharge, high powder density, environmentally friendly and so on. High powder density supercapacitors with good energy density will be applied in more city bus and other electrical vehicles. The future challenges, e.g., decarbonization of the CO2 intensive transportation sector, will push the need for such high performance supercapacitors even more.

Therefore, this Special Issue addresses the progress in high performance supercapacitors by pushing a missing focus on digitalization, advanced supercapacitor devices production, modeling, and prediction aspects in concordance with progresses in new materials and pack design solutions.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Electrical, thermal, and electrochemical modeling;
  • Lifetime estimation of supercapacitors;
  • New materials and advanced manufacturing methods in supercapacitor production.

Dr. Ruizhi Li
Dr. Hai Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Batteries is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

Jump to: Review

24 pages, 7778 KiB  
Article
Thermal Analysis of a Fast Charger for Public Service Electric Vehicles Based on Supercapacitors
by Joaquín F. Pedrayes, María F. Quintana, Gonzalo A. Orcajo, Enrique E. Valdés Zaldivar, Manuel G. Melero and Manés F. Cabanas
Batteries 2024, 10(4), 128; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries10040128 - 10 Apr 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1801
Abstract
The aging of supercapacitors (SCs) depends on several factors, with temperature being one of the most important. When this is high, degradation of the electrolyte occurs. The impurities generated in its decomposition reduce the accessibility of the ions to the porous structure on [...] Read more.
The aging of supercapacitors (SCs) depends on several factors, with temperature being one of the most important. When this is high, degradation of the electrolyte occurs. The impurities generated in its decomposition reduce the accessibility of the ions to the porous structure on the surface of the electrode, which reduces its capacity and increases its internal resistance. In some applications, such as electric vehicles whose storage system consists of SCs, fast chargers, which supply very high power, are used. This can lead to an increase in temperature and accelerated aging of the cells. Therefore, it is important to know how the temperature of the SCs evolves in these cases and what parameters it depends on, both electrical and thermal. In this contribution, mathematical formulae have been developed to determine the evolution of the temperature in time and its maximum value during the transient state. The formulae for obtaining the mean and maximum temperature, once the thermal steady state (TSS) has been reached, are also shown, considering that the charger cells are recharged from the grid at a constant current. Based on this formulation, the thermal analysis of a specific case is determined. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges)
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17 pages, 5133 KiB  
Article
Controlling the Molar Ratios of Cation to Anion of Precursors for High Performance Capacitive Properties of MnO2 Hybridized Carbon-Based Materials Electrode
by Wein-Duo Yang, Yi-Rong Chou, Cheng-Ching Kuo and Yu-Min Kang
Batteries 2023, 9(5), 273; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9050273 - 16 May 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2486
Abstract
Controlling the cation to anion (Mn2+/MnO4−) molar ratios of the precursors was used to obtain a highly performance capacitive properties of nanostructural MnO2 hybridized carbon-based materials on nickel foam (NF) through successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction [...] Read more.
Controlling the cation to anion (Mn2+/MnO4−) molar ratios of the precursors was used to obtain a highly performance capacitive properties of nanostructural MnO2 hybridized carbon-based materials on nickel foam (NF) through successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction technology. SEM, XRD, BET, and XPS analyses are utilized to investigate the influence of cation/anion molar ratios of precursors on the as-obtained MnO2 electrode materials. At a lower molar ratio of cation/anion of 1, the prepared manganese oxide deposited on the NF with obvious δ-MnO2 phase. The average pore size distribution of BET analysis of the as-obtained δ-MnO2 is about 4.6 nm, the specific surface area is 155.7 m2 g−1, exhibiting a mesoporous structure. However, when the molar ratio of cation/anion is higher than 5, the deposited film produced by the reaction exhibits a γ-MnO2 crystal phase. The capacitance of δ-MnO2/NF electrode is 280 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 in a 1 M Na2SO4 aqueous electrolyte solution. In addition, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) mixed with multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) was added to synthesize γ-MnO2/rGO-MWCNT/NF electrode, which has a high capacitance of 377.4 F g−1 under the charge/discharge current density at 1 A g−1. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges)
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Review

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34 pages, 11293 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in the Application of MOFs in Supercapacitors
by Christos Argirusis, Maria-Eleni Katsanou, Niyaz Alizadeh, Nikolaos Argirusis and Georgia Sourkouni
Batteries 2025, 11(5), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11050181 - 2 May 2025
Viewed by 146
Abstract
As the need for energy is constantly increasing and in the long term fossil fuels are not an option because of global overheating due to the greenhouse effect, alternative energy production concepts such as photovoltaics, wind energy, IR energy harvesters etc., have been [...] Read more.
As the need for energy is constantly increasing and in the long term fossil fuels are not an option because of global overheating due to the greenhouse effect, alternative energy production concepts such as photovoltaics, wind energy, IR energy harvesters etc., have been developed. The problem is that renewable energy sources are stochastic, and therefore there is a need for electrical energy storage either in rechargeable batteries or in high-performance supercapacitors. In this respect, novel materials are needed to meet the challenges that are related to these technologies. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) represent highly promising materials for energy storage applications in supercapacitors (SCs) and thus in recent years have become essential for clean and efficient energy conversion and storage. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) present numerous benefits as electrocatalysts, electrolyte membranes, and fuel storage materials; they exhibit exceptional design versatility, extensive surface-to-volume ratios, and permit functionalization with multivalent ligands and metal centers. Here we present an overview of MOF-based materials for electrical energy storage using high-performance supercapacitors. This review deals with recent advances in MOF-based materials for supercapacitors. Finally, an outlook on the future use and restrictions of MOFs in electrochemical applications, with focus on supercapacitors, is given. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges)
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37 pages, 23423 KiB  
Review
Thermally Stable Carbon Materials from Polybenzoxazines: Structure, Properties, and Supercapacitor Potential
by Thirukumaran Periyasamy, Shakila Parveen Asrafali and Jaewoong Lee
Batteries 2025, 11(4), 140; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries11040140 - 4 Apr 2025
Viewed by 425
Abstract
This review explores the structural and electrochemical characteristics of carbon materials derived from polybenzoxazines, emphasizing their potential in supercapacitors. A detailed analysis of thermal degradation by-products during carbonization reveals distinct competing mechanisms, underscoring the exceptional thermal stability of benzoxazines. These materials exhibit significant [...] Read more.
This review explores the structural and electrochemical characteristics of carbon materials derived from polybenzoxazines, emphasizing their potential in supercapacitors. A detailed analysis of thermal degradation by-products during carbonization reveals distinct competing mechanisms, underscoring the exceptional thermal stability of benzoxazines. These materials exhibit significant pseudocapacitive behavior and excellent charge retention, making them strong candidates for energy storage applications. The versatility of polybenzoxazine-based carbons enables the formation of diverse morphologies—nanospheres, foams, films, nanofibers, and aerogels—each tailored for specific functionalities. Advanced synthesis techniques allow for precise control over porosity at the nanoscale, optimizing performance for supercapacitors and beyond. Their exceptional thermal stability, electrical conductivity, and tunable porosity extend their utility to gas adsorption, catalysis, and electromagnetic shielding. Additionally, their intumescent properties (unique ability to expand when exposed to high heat) make them promising candidates for flame-retardant coatings. The combination of customizable architecture, superior electrochemical performance, and high thermal resistance highlights their transformative potential in sustainable energy solutions and advanced protective applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges)
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22 pages, 7072 KiB  
Review
Molybdenum-Based Electrode Materials Applied in High-Performance Supercapacitors
by Yu Wang, Hai Wang and Gan Qu
Batteries 2023, 9(9), 479; https://doi.org/10.3390/batteries9090479 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3421
Abstract
As a novel type of green energy storage device, supercapacitors exhibit several orders of magnitude higher capacities than the traditional dielectric capacitors and significantly higher power density than the traditional secondary batteries. Supercapacitors have been widely applied in energy storage fields. Electrode materials, [...] Read more.
As a novel type of green energy storage device, supercapacitors exhibit several orders of magnitude higher capacities than the traditional dielectric capacitors and significantly higher power density than the traditional secondary batteries. Supercapacitors have been widely applied in energy storage fields. Electrode materials, as pivotal components of supercapacitors, play an important role in electrochemical performance. Molybdenum-based materials have attracted widespread attention for their high theoretical capacitance, abundant resources, and facile synthesis tactics. Therefore, it is necessary to systematically summarize the application of Mo-based electrode materials in high-performance supercapacitors and unveil their developmental direction and trends. In this paper, we provide a review of binary Mo-based materials, ternary Mo-based materials, nanocomposites of Mo-based materials, and Mo-based MOFs and derivative materials. In addition, we further point out the key issues on the development of Mo-based materials in supercapacitors. This review may inspire more insightful works and enlighten other electrochemical areas concerning Mo-based materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue High-Performance Supercapacitors: Advancements & Challenges)
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