Background: Peri-implantitis, a bacteria-associated inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of the supporting bone, thereby reducing the chances of dental implant survival. The absence of progressive marginal bone loss is crucial for implant success. The aim of this study is to assess the peri-implantitis resolution by measuring the absence of progressive bone loss rate around the implant over a period of one year to more than three years after surgical reconstructive (REC) treatment, apically repositioned flap (ARP) surgery, or combined (COM) treatment of peri-implantitis with implantoplasty. Methods: Peri-implantitis patients, that underwent surgical therapy with implantoplasty and that enrolled in a regular peri-implant supportive care program with a follow up of ≥12 months, were recruited in this study. ARP, REC, or COM surgical therapy was performed depending on the anatomy of the bone defect. For REC and COM groups, intraosseous defects were filled with a bone substitute. The ARP group consisted of an apically positioned flap without osseous surgery. Absence of progressive marginal bone loss was evaluated on radiographs of the treated implants. Results: A total of 57 patients (91 implants) were included. The study occurred over a follow-up period of 12 to 42 months (mean = 24 months). The surgical treatment with implantoplasty yielded an absence of progressive bone loss rate of 96.7% at implant level (100% REC, 98% COM, 92.9% ARP) and 96.5% at patient level. Three implants had to be removed in two patients due to relapse or progression of peri-implantitis. Conclusions: This case series demonstrated that implantoplasty during surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions resulted in favorable biological conditions to maintain functional implants with 96.7% of implants that did not show bone loss over time from one year to more than three years. Full article

It is common to detect a gap between the apical portion of the post and the most coronal part of gutta-percha in a root canal during post and core treatment in endodontically treated teeth. It may compromise the seal that gutta-percha material provides in the root canal filling, leading to apical leakage, which is often thought to be one of the most common causes for failure of endodontic treatment. The prevention of apical leakage to achieve a complete apical seal and its effect on periapical health of endodontically treated teeth of post and core in long term clinical research remains unanswered. Post and core treatment were provided to 100 patients by undergraduate students in the year 2016–2017. A total of 70 patients in all were called back to the Prosthodontic Clinic for follow-up care after 4 years to assess the clinical result in terms of the gap between the post-operative and residual gutta-percha. The cemented posts were divided into three groups depending on the space between the cemented post end and the remaining gutta-percha: group I revealed no gaps, group II revealed gaps between >0.1 and 1 mm, and group III revealed gaps more than 1 mm. The periapical index (PAI) was used to determine the apical condition of each tooth. Chi-square test was used for evaluating the data, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 28.6% post and core treated teeth were found diseased while 71.4% teeth were found normal. In group I, 90% of the teeth and in group II, 66.7% of teeth were evaluated as normal; however, in group III, 41.2% teeth were found diseased. In endodontically treated teeth restored with a post and core, a gap between the apical end of the post and the coronal section of the residual gutta-percha was associated with a greater prevalence of disease. The post and core treatment by undergraduate students achieved a clinically acceptable outcome in terms of the gap between the post end and the remaining gutta-percha. Full article

Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical condition with a chronic course, not specific to a particular disease, characterized by intense erythema, scaling, vesicles, and/or blisters that may involve both the marginal free gingiva (MG) and the neighboring adherent gingiva (AG). This scoping review aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between oral hygiene and gingival lesions induced by autoimmune diseases of the oral cavity and whether periodontal disease can negatively influence a clinical picture of desquamative gingivitis due to an immune disorder of the oral cavity. Case series studies and randomized controlled trials were considered for this scoping review; studies that did not comply with the inclusion criteria were excluded. A total of seven studies were selected for this review. The PRISMA-ScR (preferred reporting items for scoping reviews) consensus has been followed. Based on the included studies, it is possible to state that improvement in disease and patient-reported outcomes may be the result of appropriate oral hygiene education when patients are found to have autoimmune diseases with gingival manifestations. Full article