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Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2024) | Viewed by 18273

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Felice Femiano

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", 80138 Naples, Italy
Interests: dentinal hypersensitivity; diode laser in dentistry; conservative dental restoration
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are inviting submissions to the Special Issue entitled "Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects".

For this Special Issue, we would like you to submit projects, studies, and research which contribute to improving our understanding of behavior and evolution and help to establish and improve therapeutic protocols for pathologies and diseases of hard and soft tissues in the oral cavity. Studies that test and study materials or tools that are useful in the diagnosis and therapy of the most varied pathologies of the oral cavity are in high demand.

Dr. Felice Femiano
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

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Keywords

  • dentistry
  • oral disease
  • teeth
  • drugs
  • dental material
  • tooth restoration

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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9 pages, 1060 KiB  
Article
Influence of the Angle of Periodontal Intrabony Defects on Blood Clots: A Confocal Microscopy Study
by Lorenzo Bevilacqua, Sofia Patatti, Andrea Macrì, Veronica Del Lupo, Davide Porrelli and Michele Maglione
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(22), 10306; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142210306 - 9 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1056
Abstract
Intrabony defects can be the result of parodontitis. In this study we aimed to examine how clot stability is affected by different infrabony defect angles and superficial treatments in regenerative surgery. Methods: Thirty single-root extracted teeth were cut to obtain a section from [...] Read more.
Intrabony defects can be the result of parodontitis. In this study we aimed to examine how clot stability is affected by different infrabony defect angles and superficial treatments in regenerative surgery. Methods: Thirty single-root extracted teeth were cut to obtain a section from each tooth. This section was placed in an artificial model containing an infrabony defect with three walls in order to achieve 10 models at angles of 25°, 37°, and 50°. Five root samples for every angle were not subjected any treatment (NT) and five were subjected to root conditioning with a neutral pH solution of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) at 24%, applied for 2 min. Venous blood was put into the artificial models containing the root sections, and these were placed in an incubator at a constant temperature of 37 °C for 2 h. Samples were analyzed by laser confocal microscopy. Results: All samples exhibited signs of retraction. The EDTA group exhibited a plateau trend for infrabony defects, while in the NT group, there was a statistically significant difference between clot retraction and the increase in defect amplitude. Conclusion: The greater the angle of the infraosseous defect, the higher the rate of clot retraction. This showed that EDTA could reduce the influence of the angle of the infraosseous defect. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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16 pages, 1136 KiB  
Article
Color Differences of Polimerized Resin-Based Composites and Corresponding Shade Guides
by David Fernández Millán, Jose Manuel Pose Rodríguez, Gonzalo López Castro, Victor Alonso de la Peña and Mercedes Gallas Torreira
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 4002; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14104002 - 8 May 2024
Viewed by 1131
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the colors (A2, A3 and A3.5) of polymerized resin-based composites (RBCs) with respect to the shade numbers within each product line and the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide they purported to represent. [...] Read more.
Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the colors (A2, A3 and A3.5) of polymerized resin-based composites (RBCs) with respect to the shade numbers within each product line and the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide they purported to represent. Methods: Three A-shades (A2, A3 and A3.5) from four RBC products (Harmonize®, Empress® Direct®, Grandio® and Filtek® 500) were compared within the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide and within their own commercial shade guide. Nine disk-shaped specimens, 6 mm in diameter and 2 mm thick, were prepared for each RBC color (three of each color). The color measurements were made according to the CIE L*a*b* color scale (quantifying L*c*h*a*b* values) using a Vita Easyshade Compact IV® digital spectrophotometer. We calculated the CIEDE2000 color differences between polymerized composites and shade guides, as well as between composites. The values obtained from composites and samples of the color guides in the CIE L*a*b* space were represented by ICC3D software (Version 1.2.9) Results: The ANOVA test verified the existence of statistically significant differences between composites for the same shades (p < 0.05) except for shade A2. CIEDE2000 color differences between composites and the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide ranged from 3.5 to 13.1 depending on the composite and the shade. Conclusions: There were color differences among the polymerized resin-based composites, between these and their own shade guides/manufacturer’s commercial guides, and between the former and the corresponding samples of the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide. Clinical significance: Color selection when performing an aesthetic dental restoration is essential for the clinician and the patient to obtain an optimal result. Taking into account the color difference (∆E00) for each composite with the VITAPAN Classical® shade guide or with the manufacturers’ commercial guide allows for more precision with shade selection in aesthetic dentistry. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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14 pages, 1189 KiB  
Article
Comparison of the Effects of Ketorolac and Acetaminophen on RANK-L Levels in the Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Orthodontic Tooth Movement: A Pilot Study
by Ruth Rodríguez-Montaño, Yesenia Isahy Ponce-Gómez, Sarah Monserrat Lomelí-Martínez, Sonia Sifuentes-Franco, Alondra del Carmen Ruiz-Gutiérrez, Rubén Alberto Bayardo-González, Vianeth María del Carmen Martínez-Rodríguez, José Luis Meléndez-Ruíz and Juan Ramón Gómez-Sandoval
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 1464; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14041464 - 10 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1726
Abstract
Background: Patients usually present pain due to the release of different inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 and RANK-L. Analgesics such as acetaminophen and ketorolac can inhibit RANK-L expression and this can affect orthodontic treatment by decreasing bone remodeling and slowing orthodontic dental [...] Read more.
Background: Patients usually present pain due to the release of different inflammatory mediators such as prostaglandin E2 and RANK-L. Analgesics such as acetaminophen and ketorolac can inhibit RANK-L expression and this can affect orthodontic treatment by decreasing bone remodeling and slowing orthodontic dental movement. Several studies have reported a decrease in dental movement after administering some non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Proposal: The objective was to evaluate the RANK-L levels and a possible modulation by administering acetaminophen and ketorolac in patients starting orthodontic treatment. Methodology: A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was carried out with 24 subjects divided into three study groups: calcined magnesia as a placebo, acetaminophen, and ketorolac. Gingival crevicular fluid was obtained at four time points: before pharmacological intervention, at 24 h, at 48 h, and on the 5th day. RANK-L concentrations were evaluated through ELISA analysis. Also, interproximal space generated by the elastic separator at the end of the study was recorded in the different study groups using the visual analog scale. Results: An increase in RANK-L at 24 h was observed in the placebo group compared to the ketorolac and acetaminophen groups. However, no significant differences were observed in the interproximal space at day 5 in the three study groups. Conclusion: Patients who do not take analgesics at the start of orthodontic treatment have higher levels of RANK-L. Therefore, the use of ketorolac or acetaminophen could decrease bone remodeling and interfere with orthodontic dental movement. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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10 pages, 522 KiB  
Article
Cephalometrics in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Patients with Mixed Dentition
by Gayane E. Manrikyan, Samson G. Khachatryan, Marina M. Markaryan, Hrant Yu. Ter-Poghosyan, Anna G. Hakobyan, Mikayel E. Manrikyan and Izabella F. Vardanyan
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 688; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14020688 - 13 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1245
Abstract
Distal occlusion is one of the most common dentoalveolar anomalies and can be the reason for the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome development among children. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cephalometric and OSA parameters in the pediatric [...] Read more.
Distal occlusion is one of the most common dentoalveolar anomalies and can be the reason for the obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) syndrome development among children. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between cephalometric and OSA parameters in the pediatric population. Methods: The cohort study included 39 children with OSA symptoms. Orthodontic examination consisted of a cephalometric analysis of 39 linear and angular variables. Patients underwent a sleep diagnostic study. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 19.0.0. Results: Of the general sample, 53.8% were mouth breathers and 46.2% had a mixed type of breathing. Moreover, 30.8% of patients had bruxism. The mean apnea-hypopnea index and oxygen desaturation index were 4.6/h and 3.9/h, respectively. A 1.06 times increase in the SNA index indicated the anterior position of the upper jaw. The MnPLSN° exceeded the norm by 1.3 times, which indicated the posterior position of the lower jaw and vertical type of the growth. An increase in ANSPNSSPT° by 1.1 times indicated an inclination of the upper jaw in the posterior position and a narrowing of the nasal passages. Patients with pediatric OSA had a significantly smaller lower airway space and MPH parameter. Conclusion: Systematic orthodontic monitoring of children with pediatric OSA is important for diagnosis and timely treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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15 pages, 10820 KiB  
Article
Absence of Progressive Bone Loss Following Peri-Implantitis Surgical Therapy with Implantoplasty: A Case Series
by Arthur Brincat, Angéline Antezack, Camille Sadowski, Mathias Faure-Brac, Romain Ohanessian and Virginie Monnet-Corti
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 7224; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13127224 - 16 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2358
Abstract
Background: Peri-implantitis, a bacteria-associated inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of the supporting bone, thereby reducing the chances of dental implant survival. The absence of progressive marginal bone loss is crucial for implant success. The aim [...] Read more.
Background: Peri-implantitis, a bacteria-associated inflammatory disease, is characterized by inflammation of the peri-implant mucosa and progressive loss of the supporting bone, thereby reducing the chances of dental implant survival. The absence of progressive marginal bone loss is crucial for implant success. The aim of this study is to assess the peri-implantitis resolution by measuring the absence of progressive bone loss rate around the implant over a period of one year to more than three years after surgical reconstructive (REC) treatment, apically repositioned flap (ARP) surgery, or combined (COM) treatment of peri-implantitis with implantoplasty. Methods: Peri-implantitis patients, that underwent surgical therapy with implantoplasty and that enrolled in a regular peri-implant supportive care program with a follow up of ≥12 months, were recruited in this study. ARP, REC, or COM surgical therapy was performed depending on the anatomy of the bone defect. For REC and COM groups, intraosseous defects were filled with a bone substitute. The ARP group consisted of an apically positioned flap without osseous surgery. Absence of progressive marginal bone loss was evaluated on radiographs of the treated implants. Results: A total of 57 patients (91 implants) were included. The study occurred over a follow-up period of 12 to 42 months (mean = 24 months). The surgical treatment with implantoplasty yielded an absence of progressive bone loss rate of 96.7% at implant level (100% REC, 98% COM, 92.9% ARP) and 96.5% at patient level. Three implants had to be removed in two patients due to relapse or progression of peri-implantitis. Conclusions: This case series demonstrated that implantoplasty during surgical treatment of peri-implantitis lesions resulted in favorable biological conditions to maintain functional implants with 96.7% of implants that did not show bone loss over time from one year to more than three years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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11 pages, 2821 KiB  
Article
Effect of the Gap between Cemented Posts and Remaining Gutta-Percha on the Clinical Outcome of Endodontically Treated Teeth Managed by Undergraduate Dental Students: A Prospective Study with 4 Years of Follow-Up
by Mohammed E. Sayed, Manawar Ahmad, Hina Naim, Hossam F. Jokhadar, Saad Saleh AlResayes, Nasser M. Alqahtani, Saeed M. Alqahtani, Halah Mohammed Hothan, Jibreel A. Faqihi, Maha Abdu Othman, Halah A. Alaqi, Huda Ali Daak, Nardeen Hakami, Amal M. Masmali and Malak Ibrahim Hakami
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(11), 6814; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13116814 - 4 Jun 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 5660
Abstract
It is common to detect a gap between the apical portion of the post and the most coronal part of gutta-percha in a root canal during post and core treatment in endodontically treated teeth. It may compromise the seal that gutta-percha material provides [...] Read more.
It is common to detect a gap between the apical portion of the post and the most coronal part of gutta-percha in a root canal during post and core treatment in endodontically treated teeth. It may compromise the seal that gutta-percha material provides in the root canal filling, leading to apical leakage, which is often thought to be one of the most common causes for failure of endodontic treatment. The prevention of apical leakage to achieve a complete apical seal and its effect on periapical health of endodontically treated teeth of post and core in long term clinical research remains unanswered. Post and core treatment were provided to 100 patients by undergraduate students in the year 2016–2017. A total of 70 patients in all were called back to the Prosthodontic Clinic for follow-up care after 4 years to assess the clinical result in terms of the gap between the post-operative and residual gutta-percha. The cemented posts were divided into three groups depending on the space between the cemented post end and the remaining gutta-percha: group I revealed no gaps, group II revealed gaps between >0.1 and 1 mm, and group III revealed gaps more than 1 mm. The periapical index (PAI) was used to determine the apical condition of each tooth. Chi-square test was used for evaluating the data, and a p-value of 0.05 was considered statistically significant. A total of 28.6% post and core treated teeth were found diseased while 71.4% teeth were found normal. In group I, 90% of the teeth and in group II, 66.7% of teeth were evaluated as normal; however, in group III, 41.2% teeth were found diseased. In endodontically treated teeth restored with a post and core, a gap between the apical end of the post and the coronal section of the residual gutta-percha was associated with a greater prevalence of disease. The post and core treatment by undergraduate students achieved a clinically acceptable outcome in terms of the gap between the post end and the remaining gutta-percha. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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Review

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13 pages, 3006 KiB  
Review
Desquamative Gingivitis, Oral Hygiene, and Autoimmune Oral Diseases: A Scoping Review
by Andrea Scribante, Matteo Pellegrini, Giacomo Li Vigni, Federica Pulicari and Francesco Spadari
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(18), 10535; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131810535 - 21 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 4219
Abstract
Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical condition with a chronic course, not specific to a particular disease, characterized by intense erythema, scaling, vesicles, and/or blisters that may involve both the marginal free gingiva (MG) and the neighboring adherent gingiva (AG). This scoping review aimed [...] Read more.
Desquamative gingivitis is a clinical condition with a chronic course, not specific to a particular disease, characterized by intense erythema, scaling, vesicles, and/or blisters that may involve both the marginal free gingiva (MG) and the neighboring adherent gingiva (AG). This scoping review aimed to investigate whether there is a correlation between oral hygiene and gingival lesions induced by autoimmune diseases of the oral cavity and whether periodontal disease can negatively influence a clinical picture of desquamative gingivitis due to an immune disorder of the oral cavity. Case series studies and randomized controlled trials were considered for this scoping review; studies that did not comply with the inclusion criteria were excluded. A total of seven studies were selected for this review. The PRISMA-ScR (preferred reporting items for scoping reviews) consensus has been followed. Based on the included studies, it is possible to state that improvement in disease and patient-reported outcomes may be the result of appropriate oral hygiene education when patients are found to have autoimmune diseases with gingival manifestations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Dentistry, Dental Diseases and Dental Materials: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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