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A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2022) | Viewed by 34719

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexey V. Shkirin

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Guest Editor

Laser Physics Department, National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
Interests: nanoparticles; disperse systems; particle clustering; polymer nanocomposites; particle size analysis; laser scatterometry; optical microscopy; luminescence and FTIR spectroscopy; laser sensors; food quality control; nanobubble technologies;

Dr. Leonid L. Chaikov

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Guest Editor

P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
Interests: nanophotonics; particle size analysis; nanoparticle synthesis; fluid dynamics; light scattering; biophysics; optics; polymers; nanomaterials; spectroscopy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The aim of this Special Issue is to collect papers on recent advances in methods and techniques for the analysis of the properties, composition, and structure of the materials used in agricultural, food, and pharmaceutical technologies. Most of these materials are either initially in a dispersed state or must be dispersed, so the characterization of dispersal systems, primarily colloid and complex fluids, is highly needed in the related branches of technology. Such characterization is carried out by optical methods (spectroscopies, scatterometry, dynamic light scattering, interferometry, microscopy, etc.) to a large extent. At the same time, aqueous and liquid solutions are involved in technological processes along with dispersions. It should be noted that in addition to optical methods, electrochemical methods, and acoustic methods, terahertz and dielectric spectroscopy, calorimetry, viscosimetry, and many other procedures are appropriate for the analysis of certain properties of materials. Since chemical composition must be controlled in many cases, methods for compound and elemental analysis are also of interest. It is worth to highlight that the real-time composition sensors and process analyzers are in high industrial demand. A key aspect of process analytical technology (PAT) that has been actively implemented over the past decade in food and pharmaceutical manufacturing to ensure the final product quality is the use of advanced analytical techniques. Among other analytical tasks, the detection of product adulteration has attracted increased attention. Works devoted to the related research areas, particularly in situ or in vivo diagnostics in the agriculture, food, and pharmaceutical industries are encouraged for submission to this Special Issue.

Dr. Alexey V. Shkirin
Dr. Leonid L. Chaikov
Guest Editors

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Keywords

disperse systems
dispersed materials and nanocomposites
colloids and complex fluids
aqueous and liquid solutions
particle size analysis
compound and elemental analysis
structural and rheological characterization
chemical and disperse composition sensors
process analyzers
quality control of agricultural food and pharmaceutical products
in situ or in vivo diagnostics in agriculture, food and pharmaceutical industries

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Published Papers (9 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 852 KiB

Open AccessArticle

A Validated HPLC Multichannel DAD Method for the Simultaneous Determination of Amoxicillin and Doxycycline in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Wastewater Samples

by Anca Becze, Maria-Alexandra Resz, Aranka Ilea and Oana Cadar

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9789; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199789 - 28 Sep 2022

Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3799

Abstract

The quality of marketed pharmaceutical formulations must be guaranteed to attain better remedial effects and lower toxicity. The wide exploitation of antibiotics may lead to their presence as residues in body fluids and wastewaters, potentially toxic to human health. Consequently, determining antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations and water samples is of significant importance. This paper aims to explore the possibilities of a high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) method to obtain a simple, fast, and efficient analytical tool for the simultaneous determination of antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations and environmental samples. The method was completely validated with regard to specificity, linearity, detection and quantification limits, precision, accuracy, and robustness according to the requirements of existing guidelines, and was proven to be reliable and suitable for the envisioned application. The linearity study was conducted for the calibration curves in the range of 10–100 μg/mL. The limits of detection and quantification were found to be 0.2 and 0.7 μg/mL for amoxicillin and 0.3 and 1.0 μg/mL for doxycycline, respectively. The high recovery of drugs from their commercial pharmaceutical formulations (93%) and from wastewater samples (98%) indicated good accuracy and precision. The method is robust for small or deliberate changes to the chromatographic parameters, and it was successfully applied for the quantitative determination of amoxicillin and doxycycline in wastewater and commercial tablets. The obtained results proved that the validated method is appropriate for its intended use in the routine quality control and assay of both antibiotics studied. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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14 pages, 2355 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Plant Photochemistry under Glass Coated with Upconversion Luminescent Film

by Denis V. Yanykin, Mark O. Paskhin, Alexander V. Simakin, Dmitriy E. Burmistrov, Roman V. Pobedonostsev, Alexey A. Vyatchinov, Maria V. Vedunova, Sergey V. Kuznetsov, Julia A. Ermakova, Alexander A. Alexandrov, Alexey P. Glinushkin, Valery P. Kalinitchenko, Mars Khayrullin, Elena Kuznetsova, Mikhail V. Dubinin, Valery A. Kozlov, Nikolai F. Bunkin, Alexey V. Sibirev, Alexander G. Aksenov and Sergey V. Gudkov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(15), 7480; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12157480 - 26 Jul 2022

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 2930

Abstract

It has been shown that the cultivation of plants under glass coated with nano-sized upconversion luminophores led to an increase in plant productivity and the acceleration of plant adaptation to ultraviolet radiation. In the present work, we examined the effect of upconversion nanopowders with the nominal composition Sr_0.955Yb_0.020Er_0.025F_2.045 on plant (Solanum lycopersicum) photochemistry. The composition, structure and size of nanoparticles were tested using X-ray pattern diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering. Nanoparticles are capable of converting infrared radiation into red and green photons. Glasses coated with upconversion luminophores increase the intensity of photosynthetically active radiation and absorb the ultraviolet and far-red radiation. The chlorophyll a fluorescence method showed that plants growing under photoconversion and those growing under common film demonstrate different ability to utilize excitation energy via photosynthesis. It was shown that under ultraviolet and high light conditions, the efficiency of the photochemical reactions, the non-photochemical fluorescence quenching, and the electron transport remained relatively stable in plants growing under photoconversion film in contrast to plants growing under common film. Thus, cultivation of Solanum lycopersicum under photoconversion glasses led to the acceleration in plant growth due to greater efficiency of plant photochemistry under stress conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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11 pages, 1236 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Ultraviolet Radiation on the Pigment Content and Essential Oil Accumulation in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.)

by Natalya A. Semenova, Alexandr A. Smirnov, Alina S. Ivanitskikh, Andrey Yu. Izmailov, Alexey S. Dorokhov, Yuri A. Proshkin, Denis V. Yanykin, Ruslan R. Sarimov, Sergey V. Gudkov and Narek O. Chilingaryan

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(14), 7190; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12147190 - 17 Jul 2022

Cited by 17 | Viewed by 3305

Abstract

In this study, we investigated the effects of additional ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the main growth fluorescent lamp light on pigment content and essential oil accumulation in sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Three different UV light sources from light-emitting diodes and discharge lamps, which emit UV in the UV-A (315–400 nm), UV-B (280–315 nm) and UV-C (100–280 nm) ranges, were tested for basil plant growing. The plants, growing under additional UV-A and UV-B from mercury lamps, on the 60th growing day were higher than control plants by 90% and 53%, respectively. The fresh leaf mass of the UV-A irradiated basil plants was 2.4-fold higher than the control plant mass. The dry mass/fresh mass ratio of the UV-A and UV-B irradiated plants was higher by 45% and 35% in comparison to the control plants. Leaf area was increased by 40% and 20%, respectively. UV-C affected the anthocyanin content most strongly, they increased by 50%, whereas only by 27% and 0% under UV-A and UV-B. Any UV addition did not affect the essential oil total contents but altered the essential oil compositions. UV-A and UV-B increased the linalool proportion from 10% to 20%, and to 25%, respectively, in contrast to UV-C, which reduced it to 3%. UV-C induced the eugenol methyl ether accumulation (17%) and inhibited plant growth. Moreover, UV increased the proportion of α-guaiene, β-cubebene and α-bulnesene and decreased the proportion of sabinene and fenchone. Thus, we concluded that UV (except UV-C) used jointly with main light with PPFD 120 ± 10 μmol photons·m⁻²·s⁻¹ for sweet basil cultivation may be justified to stimulate basil growth and optimize the essential oil accumulation. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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12 pages, 5869 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Development of an Algorithm for Rapid Herd Evaluation and Predicting Milk Yield of Mastitis Cows Based on Infrared Thermography

by Artyom R. Khakimov, Dmitriy Y. Pavkin, Sergey S. Yurochka, Maksim E. Astashev and Igor M. Dovlatov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(13), 6621; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136621 - 30 Jun 2022

Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3672

Abstract

The aim of this study was to explore the possibility of assessing the health status of a cow’s udder using infrared thermography. We studied the effect of mastitis on cow milk yield, the effect of mastitis on udder surface skin temperature, and the dependence between severity of mastitis and udder temperature. We determined the presence of a significant relationship between the udder surface skin temperature and the milk yield of mastitis cows (Coefficient of determination = 0.886, linear Pearson correlation coefficient = −0.96), as well as the absence of a significant relationship between the udder surface skin temperature and the milk yield of healthy cows (Coefficient of determination = 0.029, linear Pearson correlation coefficient = 0.16). We substantiated the temperature ranges of the udder surface of healthy cows [32–35.9 °C] and mastitis [36.1–39 °C]. The obtained data made it possible to form an algorithm that allows a quick assessment of the herd for the presence of udder disease, using infrared images of the udder surface skin temperature. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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16 pages, 2015 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Artificial Neural Networks for Predicting Food Antiradical Potential

by Victor Gorbachev, Marina Nikitina, Daria Velina, Sherzodkhon Mutallibzoda, Vladimir Nosov, Galina Korneva, Anna Terekhova, Elena Artemova, Bella Khashir, Igor Sokolov, Svetlana Dimitrieva and Igor Nikitin

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(12), 6290; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12126290 - 20 Jun 2022

Cited by 8 | Viewed by 5934

Abstract

Using an artificial neural network (ANN), the values of the antiradical potential of 1315 items of food and agricultural raw materials were calculated. We used an ANN with the structure of a “multilayer perceptron” (MLP) and with the hyberbolic tangent (Tanh) as an activation function. Values reported in the United States Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS) were taken as input to the analysis. When training the ANN, 60 parameters were used, such as the content of plastic substances, food calories, the amount of mineral components, vitamins, the composition of fatty acids and additional substances presented in this database. The analysis revealed correlations, namely, a direct relationship between the value of the antiradical potential (ARP) of food and the concentration of dietary fiber (r = 0.539) and a negative correlation between the value of ARP and the total calorie content of food (r = −0.432) at a significance level of p < 0.001 for both values. The average ARP value for 10 product groups within the 95% CI (confidence interval) was ≈23–28 equivalents (in terms of ascorbic acid) per 1 g of dry matter. The study also evaluated the range of average values of the daily recommended intake of food components (according to Food and Agriculture Organization—FAO, World Health Organization—WHO, Russia and the USA), which within the 95% CI, amounted to 23.41–28.98 equivalents per 1 g of dry weight. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the predicted ARP values depend not only on the type of raw materials and the method of their processing, but also on a number of other environmental and technological factors that make it difficult to obtain accurate values. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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10 pages, 1028 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Method of Optical Diagnostics of Grain Seeds Infected with Fusarium

by Mikhail V. Belyakov, Maksim N. Moskovskiy, Maksim A. Litvinov, Aleksander V. Lavrov, Victor G. Khamuev, Igor Yu. Efremenkov and Stanislav A. Gerasimenko

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 4824; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12104824 - 10 May 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1852

Abstract

Optical sensors have shown good capabilities for detecting and monitoring plant diseases, including fusariosis. The spectral characteristics of the excitation and luminescence of wheat, oat and barley seeds were measured using a diffraction spectrofluorimeter in the range of 180–700 nm. It was found that during infection, the spectral density of the absorption capacity increases and the curve η_e(λ) shifts upwards in the range of 380–450 nm. The shift to the left is also noticeable for the wheat and barley spectra. The photoluminescence flux at λ_e = 232 nm increased by 1.71 times when oat seeds were infected, by 2.63 times when wheat was infected and by 3.14 times when barley was infected. The dependences of the infection degree on the photoluminescence flux are statistically and reliably approximated by linear regression models with determination coefficients R² = 0.83–0.95. The method of determining the degree of infection can include both absolute measurements of photoluminescence flux in the range of 290–380 nm and measurements of the flux ratios when excited by radiation of 232 nm and 424 nm for wheat and 485 nm for barley. An optoelectronic device for remote monitoring can be designed in order to implement the methodology for determining the degree of infection of agricultural plant seeds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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16 pages, 3752 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Effects of SRC and IKKβ Kinase Inhibition in Ischemic Factors Modeling In Vitro and In Vivo

by Maria M. Loginova, Maria O. Novozhilova, Mark D. Urazov, Roman S. Yarkov, Mikhail I. Krivonosov, Galina A. Kravchenko, Elena V. Mitroshina and Maria V. Vedunova

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3469; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073469 - 29 Mar 2022

Viewed by 2164

Abstract

The search for new molecular targets whose modulation can reduce nerve cell dysfunction and neuronal death during ischemic damage is one of the most significant issues in both fundamental and clinical neurobiology. Various kinase enzymes are often considered to be such promising targets since they are involved in key molecular cascades that regulate cell adaptation to stress factors. Our work is devoted to the study of the role of two kinases—SRC and IKKβ—in maintaining the neural networks’ functional activity under a hypoxic condition in vivo and in vitro. SRC kinase is a cytoplasmic non-receptor protein tyrosine kinase. It is involved in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation; its expression in nerve cells changes during hypoxia. IKKβ kinase is involved in the regulation of the activity of the transcription factor NF-κB, which is a pleiotropic regulator of many cellular signaling pathways. We have shown that blockade of SRC and IKKβ kinases by selective inhibitors maintains cell viability in modeling hypoxic damage in vitro but does not allow for the preservation of the bioelectrical activity of neurons. Studies in vivo have shown the neuroprotective effect of SRC but not IKKβ kinase inhibition in the modeling of cerebral ischemia in mice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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11 pages, 24380 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Using Fluorescence Spectroscopy to Detect Rot in Fruit and Vegetable Crops

by Tatiana A. Matveyeva, Ruslan M. Sarimov, Alexander V. Simakin, Maxim E. Astashev, Dmitriy E. Burmistrov, Vasily N. Lednev, Pavel A. Sdvizhenskii, Mikhail Ya. Grishin, Sergey M. Pershin, Narek O. Chilingaryan, Natalya A. Semenova, Alexey S. Dorokhov and Sergey V. Gudkov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(7), 3391; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12073391 - 27 Mar 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 4173

Abstract

The potential of the method of fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of damage and diseases of fruits and vegetables was studied. For this purpose, the spectra of fluorescence of healthy and rotten apples and potatoes have been investigated. Excitation of samples was carried out using a continuous semiconductor laser with a wavelength of 405 nm and a pulsed solid-state laser with a wavelength of 527 nm. Peaks in the region of 600–700 nm in rotten samples were shifted towards shorter wavelengths for most samples in both modes of spectroscopy. The differences in the fluorescence spectra of a healthy and rotten apple surface have been revealed to be in the spectral range of 550–650 nm for 405 nm continuous excitation. When exposed to a laser in a pulsed mode (527 nm), the contribution of the 630 nm peak in the spectrum increases in rotten samples. The observed differences make it possible to use this method for separating samples of healthy and rotten fruits and vegetables. The article paid attention to the influence of many factors such as sample thickness, time after excitation, contamination by soil and dust, cultivar, and location of the probing on fluorescence spectra. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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Review

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24 pages, 3337 KiB

Open AccessReview

Applications of Mueller Matrix Polarimetry to Biological and Agricultural Diagnostics: A Review

by Dmitry N. Ignatenko, Alexey V. Shkirin, Yakov P. Lobachevsky and Sergey V. Gudkov

Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(10), 5258; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12105258 - 23 May 2022

Cited by 25 | Viewed by 5774

Abstract

The review contains a systematization of the main approaches to the practical implementation of Mueller matrix polarimetry and the prospects for its application in biology and agriculture. The most typical optical layouts for measuring the Mueller matrix of various objects, such as disperse systems, tissues and surface structures, are discussed. Mueller matrix measurements, being integrated into standard schemes of conventional optical methods, such as scatterometry, optical coherence tomography, fluorimetry, spectrophotometry and reflectometry, can significantly expand their capabilities in the characterization of biological systems and bioorganic materials. Additionally, microwave Mueller matrix polarimetry can be used for monitoring soil conditions and crop growth. The proposed systematization is aimed at outlining the conceptual directions for the development of non-invasive diagnostic tools based on measuring the Mueller matrix, primarily with a focus on biological research and agricultural practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Agricultural Food and Pharmaceutical Analysis)

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