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Applied Sciences
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Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics
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Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Fluid Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2025 | Viewed by 2167

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Florin Bode

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Automotive, Mechatronics and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 400641 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Interests: indoor environment quality; thermal comfort; CFD numerical simulation; building efficiency; heat and mass transfer
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has established itself as an essential tool for analyzing and solving complex problems involving fluid flow, heat, and mass transfer across a wide range of scientific and engineering disciplines. With continuous advancements in numerical methods and increasing computational power, CFD enables detailed simulations that are necessary for understanding and optimizing systems affecting energy efficiency, occupant comfort, and environmental quality.

This Special Issue aims to collect original research articles and reviews that focus on the application of CFD in addressing challenges related to indoor and outdoor air quality, wind engineering, fire dynamics, aerodynamics, and other problems associated with energy efficiency and fluid flow. We are particularly interested in contributions that explore the interplay between fluid dynamics and energy consumption, as well as their impact on thermal comfort and sustainability.

Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality: CFD analyses of pollutant dispersion, ventilation strategies, and their effects on energy efficiency and occupant comfort.
  • Wind Engineering: Simulations of wind flow around buildings and structures, natural ventilation, and mitigation of wind-induced effects on structures.
  • Fire Dynamics: Modeling of fire behavior, smoke propagation, and evacuation scenarios to enhance safety and energy considerations in built environments.
  • Aerodynamics: Studies on the aerodynamic performance of vehicles, buildings, and devices aimed at improving energy efficiency.
  • Heat and Mass Transfer: Investigations into thermal management systems, cooling technologies, and mass transfer processes impacting energy systems and efficiency.
  • Energy Efficiency and Fluid Flow: Innovative CFD applications that address challenges in energy consumption reduction and optimization of fluid flow systems.

We welcome submissions from all scientific fields that employ CFD numerical simulations to solve practical problems and advance understanding in these areas. Selected papers will undergo rigorous peer review to ensure the dissemination of high-quality research that provides valuable insights for both academia and industry.

We cordially invite you to contribute your research to this Special Issue and look forward to your valuable submissions.

Dr. Florin Bode
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • computational fluid dynamics (CFD)
  • energy efficiency
  • indoor air quality
  • outdoor air quality
  • wind engineering
  • heat and mass transfer

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

29 pages, 6524 KiB  
Article
Efficiency of Positive Pressure Ventilation Compared to Organized Natural Ventilation in Fire Scenarios of a Multi-Story Building
by Dan-Adrian Ionescu, Vlad Iordache, Iulian-Cristian Ene and Ion Anghel
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 6934; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126934 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 311
Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the dynamics of indoor environmental parameters under three simulated fire scenarios in a multi-story building, using the PyroSim platform (based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator—FDS). The study compares two smoke control strategies, organized natural ventilation (a [...] Read more.
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the dynamics of indoor environmental parameters under three simulated fire scenarios in a multi-story building, using the PyroSim platform (based on the Fire Dynamics Simulator—FDS). The study compares two smoke control strategies, organized natural ventilation (a passive system) and mechanical pressurization (an active system), evaluating their influence on temperature, differential pressure, air velocity, heat release rate (HRR), and toxic gas distribution. The simulations revealed that passive systems, relying on the stack effect and vertical natural ventilation, do not ensure the effective control of smoke infiltration into evacuation routes, allowing significant heat accumulation and reduced visibility. The results highlight the superior effectiveness of unidirectional mechanical pressurization in maintaining a stable flow regime, functional visibility, and a safe evacuation environment. A key finding is the transition from static pressure control to velocity-based flow control at the moment of door opening toward the fire source. The results confirm that a dynamically adapted application of mechanical pressurization—synchronized with the opening of access pathways—not only reinforces existing principles for protecting egress routes, but also provides a precise operational approach for optimizing emergency responses in high-rise buildings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics)
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22 pages, 9366 KiB  
Article
HRR-Based Calibration of an FDS Model for Office Fire Simulations Using Full-Scale Wood Crib Experiments
by Iulian-Cristian Ene, Vlad Iordache, Mihai Dima and Ion Anghel
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(12), 6909; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15126909 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 190
Abstract
This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced experimentally. The numerical model was validated [...] Read more.
This study deals with the simulation of office fires by combining large-scale experiments with nine wooden cribs and a carefully calibrated computer model. It shows how real fire conditions, reaching up to 800–1000 °C, could be reproduced experimentally. The numerical model was validated by comparing HRR and temperature data with real measurements. Accuracy was assessed using error metrics to ensure that the simulation closely approximates real fire behavior. The method of determining HRR through mass loss has been used in prior studies, but those typically involved small-scale setups and limited fire loads. Unlike most approaches in the field, this research is based on a full-scale experiment involving nine wooden cribs, offering superior realism and thermal intensity. The experimental data—temperature evolution, HRR, and observed destructive effects—were used to calibrate the FDS model. The strength of the study lies in the repeatability and accuracy of the simulation, its practical relevance, and its potential to improve fire safety evaluations for office spaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics)
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20 pages, 8859 KiB  
Article
The Impact of an Office Fire Combined with the Stack Effect in a Multi-Story Building
by Iulian-Cristian Ene, Vlad Iordache and Ion Anghel
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11659; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411659 - 13 Dec 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1082
Abstract
The current study was based on two simulations conducted in FDS that examined the influences of an office fire on the ground floor of a 10-story building (with 9 above-ground floors) and its impact on air and smoke flow. After reviewing the literature, [...] Read more.
The current study was based on two simulations conducted in FDS that examined the influences of an office fire on the ground floor of a 10-story building (with 9 above-ground floors) and its impact on air and smoke flow. After reviewing the literature, we observe a significant gap in current research addressing the dynamic interdependence between fire development and the stack effect in multi-story residential buildings. It was found that the fire significantly intensified the stack effect, increasing the temperature in the stairwell, particularly on the ground floor. Gas velocities within the building increased but do not endanger the lives of the occupants. Visibility remained sufficient for evacuation from the apartments, except in critical areas such as the fire-affected apartment and the stairwell. Lethal concentrations of CO and CO2 were rapidly reached, severely impairing evacuation capability within the fire-affected apartment and the stairwell. Natural ventilation proved insufficient for controlling smoke and toxic gasses, highlighting the need for additional sealing measures and forced ventilation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Emerging Trends in Computational Fluid Dynamics)
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