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Bioactive Dental Materials: A Paradigm Shift in Dentistry?—2nd Edition

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2026 | Viewed by 2897

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Reconstructive Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
Interests: biomaterials; endodontics; bioactivity; vital pulp capping; histology; prosthodontics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Until recently, people believed that dental materials must be inert to be successful. Bioactive materials stimulate cells to produce bone tissue, secondary dentin, or are active in the surface precipitation of calcium phosphates or hydroxyapatite. They can stimulate healing and promote the remineralization of hard tissues. Examples of bone regeneration can be found in orthopedics, implant dentistry, and periodontics, such as ridge augmentation. Bioactive pulp capping materials have demonstrated their ability to promote bridge formation after vital pulp exposure, and in endodontics, applications have been reported in root resorption cases, the obturation of the root canal space, and periapical healing. In restorative dentistry, favorable soft tissue responses, remineralization of hard tissues, and occlusion of the marginal gap are some of the reported advantages. Furthermore, a positive postoperative reaction after the cementation of fixed prostheses has been observed. This Issue invites manuscripts that cover, but are not limited to, the topics presented above.

Prof. Dr. Cornelis Hans Pameijer
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactivity
  • restorative dentistry
  • remineralization
  • periodontics
  • endodontics
  • bone formation

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 1861 KB  
Article
Characterisation of a Novel Bioactive Strontium Bioglass-Based Endodontic Sealer
by Sheena Parekh, Arjun Haria, Simon Rawlinson, Robert Hill and Samira Al-Salehi
Appl. Sci. 2026, 16(5), 2443; https://doi.org/10.3390/app16052443 - 3 Mar 2026
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Abstract
New hard tissue formation helps create a more stable seal in endodontic treatment. To achieve this, a novel class of endodontic sealers containing the pro-osteogenic element, strontium (within a BG), embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix (Sr-PDMS) was produced. The properties of this sealer [...] Read more.
New hard tissue formation helps create a more stable seal in endodontic treatment. To achieve this, a novel class of endodontic sealers containing the pro-osteogenic element, strontium (within a BG), embedded in a polydimethylsiloxane matrix (Sr-PDMS) was produced. The properties of this sealer were compared with a commercially available bioactive endodontic sealer, Guttaflow Bioseal (GFBS). Glass was prepared via the melt quench method and incorporated into the GFBS matrix. Its physical properties were tested against the International Organisation for Standardisation (ISO) 6876. For biocompatibility assessment, dose–response proliferation of OCCM-30 cells was quantified by measuring DNA levels in varying concentrations of exogenous calcium and strontium, in culture media conditioned with the novel BG powder, and in sealer discs of the GFBS and novel Sr-PDMS. Two-way ANOVA followed by one-way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test were applied to the cell viability data. Both the GFBS and novel Sr-PDMS sealants demonstrated physical properties that met ISO 6876, but Sr-PDMS displayed greater radiopacity (p < 0.05), lower solubility, and increased setting time. Both sealants released ions into the immersion solution, with the additional release of Sr from the novel sealer. GFBS displayed evidence of apatite formation. As expected, high concentrations of BG-conditioned media were cytotoxic, but the levels released by the BG in the Sr-PDMS were not cytotoxic with 1:000 dilution and resulted in significantly increased (p < 0.01) cell proliferation compared to the control group. Full article
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Review

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22 pages, 507 KB  
Review
The Role of Bioactive Glasses in Caries Prevention and Enamel Remineralization
by Rosana Farjaminejad, Samira Farjaminejad, Franklin Garcia-Godoy and Mahsa Jalali
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(24), 13157; https://doi.org/10.3390/app152413157 - 15 Dec 2025
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2208
Abstract
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising materials for enamel remineralization and caries management due to their ion-releasing ability and capacity to promote apatite formation. However, their clinical translation remains limited. Conventional BGs, such as 45S5, exhibit excellent bioactivity but are mechanically weak, prone to [...] Read more.
Bioactive glasses (BGs) are promising materials for enamel remineralization and caries management due to their ion-releasing ability and capacity to promote apatite formation. However, their clinical translation remains limited. Conventional BGs, such as 45S5, exhibit excellent bioactivity but are mechanically weak, prone to rapid ion burst release, and lack long-term stability. Recent advances—including secondary oxide incorporation (e.g., B2O3, ZnO), polymer–glass hybrids, and nanostructured systems like mesoporous BGs and RegeSi have improved reactivity, mechanical performance, and remineralization depth, though their durability under oral conditions is not yet established. BGs also display antibacterial activity by elevating local pH and releasing ions that inhibit cariogenic bacteria, but their broader ecological impact on the oral microbiome remains poorly understood. Emerging approaches such as halogen-modified BGs, particularly fluoride- and chloride-doped formulations, show dual benefits for remineralization and antimicrobial action, though supporting evidence is largely confined to in vitro studies. The absence of standardized protocols for assessing remineralization, ion release, and biofilm interaction further complicates cross-study comparisons and slows clinical adoption. Future progress will require interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized evaluation methods, and rigorous clinical validation to ensure that next-generation BGs can be safely and effectively integrated into dental practice. Full article
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