Heme Oxygenase in Health and Disease: New Insights and Future Directions

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Antioxidant Enzyme Systems".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 October 2025 | Viewed by 2610

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department for Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria
Interests: heme oxygenase in cell and organ dysfunction; heme oxygenase and biliverdin reductase activity; ferroptosis; oxidative stress response
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue dedicated to further exploring the critical role of heme oxygenase (HO). Responsible for heme degradation and the generation of unique products—bilirubin, carbon monoxide, and iron—HO has far-reaching implications in various physiological and pathological contexts. This issue aims to present new findings on the enzymatic processes and biological implications of HO and related enzyme systems, as well as their products, including oxidative stress response, ferroptosis, inflammation, cancer, and cellular protection. We invite researchers to submit their latest findings on HO-related topics, such as the following:

  • Mechanisms of HO-1 and HO-2 regulation and expression, as well as enzyme activities;
  • HO's role in cellular defence mechanisms against oxidative stress;
  • Therapeutic potential of HO modulation in diseases like cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and inflammatory disorders;
  • HO’s involvement in immune response and cancer biology;
  • The role of HO in ferroptosis and its implications for disease treatment;
  • Biological effects of HO-derived products: biliverdin, bilirubin, and carbon monoxide (CO);
  • The antioxidative and antiinflammatory role of biliverdin and bilirubin, including its functions in the lipid metabolism;
  • Signalling functions of CO and other biatomic gases (such as nitric oxide) involving heme proteins, and their potential therapeutic application.

This issue invites researchers to submit research reports or results of clinical trials and welcomes contributions describing new methodological approaches, or model systems, including animal models for studying therapeutic approaches, as well as reviews aiming at sharing new insights for advancing our understanding of HO's integration into physiological and pathological processes in health and disease.

Dr. J. Catharina Duvigneau
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • enzyme activity
  • ferroptosis
  • carbon monoxide
  • oxidative stress
  • reactive oxygen and nitrogen species
  • heme proteins
  • heme degradation
  • heme responsive elements
  • heme regulation

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

25 pages, 775 KiB  
Review
The Heme Oxygenase/Biliverdin Reductase System and Its Genetic Variants in Physiology and Diseases
by Cesare Mancuso
Antioxidants 2025, 14(2), 187; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14020187 - 6 Feb 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2056
Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) metabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter being reduced into bilirubin-IXα (BR) by the biliverdin reductase-A (BVR). Heme oxygenase exists as two isoforms, HO-1, inducible and involved in the cell stress response, and HO-2, [...] Read more.
Heme oxygenase (HO) metabolizes heme into ferrous iron, carbon monoxide (CO), and biliverdin-IXα (BV), the latter being reduced into bilirubin-IXα (BR) by the biliverdin reductase-A (BVR). Heme oxygenase exists as two isoforms, HO-1, inducible and involved in the cell stress response, and HO-2, constitutive and committed to the physiologic turnover of heme and in the intracellular oxygen sensing. Many studies have identified genetic variants of the HO/BVR system and suggested their connection in free radical-induced diseases. The most common genetic variants include (GT)n dinucleotide length polymorphisms and single nucleotide polymorphisms. Gain-of-function mutations in the HO-1 and HO-2 genes foster the ventilator response to hypoxia and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and age-related macular degeneration but increase the risk of neonatal jaundice, sickle cell disease, and Parkinson’s disease. Conversely, loss-of-function mutations in the HO-1 gene increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and some types of cancers. Regarding BVR, the reported loss-of-function mutations increase the risk of green jaundice. Unfortunately, the physiological role of the HO/BVR system does not allow for the hypothesis gene silencing/induction strategies, but knowledge of these mutations can certainly facilitate a medical approach that enables early diagnoses and tailored treatments. Full article
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