Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms for Skin Protection and Skin Disease

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 November 2026 | Viewed by 3800

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry, College of Sciences and Engineering, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
2. Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
Interests: skin health and diseases; carcinogenesis; inflammation; dermatology; psoriasis; atopic dermatitis; bioactive natural products; antioxidants; polyphenols; flavonoids; tissue engineering; signaling pathways; pharmacology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Human skin is the largest organ, covering the body and protecting us against environmental insults. Although it is a robust defensive system, the skin can be susceptible to both internal stress (e.g., oxidation, glycation, and inflammation) and external stimuli, including mechanical damage, ultraviolet (UV) radiation, toxic chemicals, and the invasion of microorganisms. These factors can collectively undermine the structural integrity and biological functions of the skin, which leads to skin aging, dysfunction, and other undesired conditions associated with skin health. To ameliorate these insults to the skin, natural antioxidants (e.g., phytochemicals from medicinal plants and functional foods, as well as their synthetic derivatives) have been used as treatments for dermatological maladies and/or active ingredients for cosmetic products. The skin protective effects of natural antioxidants are supported by numerous published preclinical studies (with in vitro and in vivo experimental models). However, only a paucity of human clinical trials has reported the efficacy of natural products’ skin protection and therapeutics. This is, at least partially, attributed to the lack of understanding of natural antioxidants’ mechanisms of action (MOA) at the molecular level. In recent decades, mechanistic studies on the skin protection of natural antioxidants have been greatly promoted by various advanced biophysical and biochemical technologies, which have enabled researchers in this field to address research challenges with novel approaches. For instance, sophisticated methods, such as ‘multi-omics’, including genomics, epigenomics, proteomics, lipidomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, are adopted to provide an integrated perspective to power investigation across multiple levels of biology.

Herein, this Special Issue, titled “Natural Antioxidants: Multiple Mechanisms for Skin Protection and Skin Disease”, aims to provide a platform for researchers to showcase their studies in fields related to skin protection and disease treatment by natural and synthetic antioxidants. This Special Issue includes (but is not limited to) the following research topics: (1) evaluations of natural and synthetic antioxidants’ skin protective and therapeutic effects; (2) the investigation of mechanisms of action; (3) the development of natural antioxidants and their derivatives as new cosmeceutical ingredients; (4) the applications of ‘multi-omics’ approaches; and (5) the discovery of the molecular target(s) of action.

Dr. Hang Ma
Dr. Jean Christopher Chamcheu
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • natural products
  • mechanism(s) of action
  • multi-omics approaches
  • target identification
  • dermatological treatment
  • skin protection
  • inflammation
  • skin cancers
  • skin aging
  • cosmeceuticals

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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31 pages, 3690 KB  
Article
Spirulina Peptides Suppress UVB-Induced Skin Hyperpigmentation via Integrated Modulation of Melanogenesis and Inflammatory Pathways
by Qiying Zeng, Kaiye Yang, Hongtao Gu, Changzhi Dong, Wei Zhou and Zhiyun Du
Antioxidants 2026, 15(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15020181 - 30 Jan 2026
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Abstract
Background: Hyperpigmentation disorders lack effective therapies due to efficacy and safety limitations. Spirulina-derived peptides (SPs) show promises as anti-melanogenic agents, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: SPs (<1 kDa, 3–6 amino acids) were isolated and assessed for tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant, and anti-glycation [...] Read more.
Background: Hyperpigmentation disorders lack effective therapies due to efficacy and safety limitations. Spirulina-derived peptides (SPs) show promises as anti-melanogenic agents, but their mechanisms remain unclear. Methods: SPs (<1 kDa, 3–6 amino acids) were isolated and assessed for tyrosinase inhibition, antioxidant, and anti-glycation activities. In vitro effects were tested in B16F10 cells; transcriptomic profiling used RNA sequencing. In vivo efficacy was evaluated in UVB-induced hyperpigmentation mouse models. Results: SPs exhibited mixed-type kinetic inhibition of tyrosinase along with strong antioxidant and anti-glycation activities. In vitro, SP suppressed melanin synthesis by directly inhibiting tyrosinase, downregulating the cAMP/PKA/CREB cascade, and activating the PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β pathway, resulting in reduced MITF and tyrosinase expression. Transcriptomic analysis revealed broad regulation of melanogenesis and inflammatory pathways. In vivo, topical SP treatment significantly reduced UVB-induced hyperpigmentation and skin inflammation, correlating with decreased CREB phosphorylation and tyrosinase expression. Conclusions: SP acts as a dual anti-melanogenic/anti-inflammatory agent through enzyme inhibition and signaling modulation, offering a novel therapeutic strategy for inflammation-associated hyperpigmentation. Full article
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22 pages, 5182 KB  
Article
From Reshaped Metabolome to Repaired Skin: Fermented Gastrodia elata Alleviates UVB-Induced Damage Through Controlled Immune Activation
by Xing Huang, Xiaoqi Yang, Chunrui Xu, Jiajia Liu, Yuan Luo, Zixian Xu, Shixiao Pu, Zongyang Li, Yunlong Zhang, Min Bai and Lianbing Lin
Antioxidants 2026, 15(1), 45; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15010045 - 29 Dec 2025
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Abstract
UVB radiation induces cutaneous damage through oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Gastrodia elata fermented by Lactobacillus salivarius AACE1 (GL) in a mouse model of UVB-induced skin injury. Results demonstrated that GL treatment significantly improved skin morphology, [...] Read more.
UVB radiation induces cutaneous damage through oxidative stress and immune dysregulation. This study investigated the therapeutic potential of Gastrodia elata fermented by Lactobacillus salivarius AACE1 (GL) in a mouse model of UVB-induced skin injury. Results demonstrated that GL treatment significantly improved skin morphology, enhanced antioxidant activities (SOD and GSH), reduced oxidative damage (MDA), and balanced inflammatory mediators by upregulating TGF-β and IL-10 while downregulating TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that GL specifically activated NOD-like receptor signaling pathway components (Nlrp3, Casp4, and Gbp2/5) while inducing Tnfaip3 to establish negative feedback control. Metabolomic profiling confirmed that fermentation transformed the metabolite landscape, enriching collagen-related dipeptides, antimicrobial/anti-inflammatory metabolites, and antioxidant cofactors. Importantly, comparative analysis showed that GL is more effective than vitamin E in coordinating multiple signaling pathways and maintaining inflammatory homeostasis. These findings establish GL as an effective natural product that alleviates UVB-induced skin damage through synchronized metabolic remodeling and controlled immune activation. Full article
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Review

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26 pages, 1298 KB  
Review
Exploring the Dermatological Benefits of Coffee Extracts and Their Derivatives
by Hsiao-Fang Liao, Po-Yuan Wu, Kuo-Ching Wen, Tsen-Jung Lin, Hung-Lung Chiang and Hsiu-Mei Chiang
Antioxidants 2026, 15(2), 244; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox15020244 - 12 Feb 2026
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Abstract
Coffee-derived materials from diverse botanical sources (beans, leaves, fruit and spent grounds) contain bioactive polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, and diterpenes with potential dermatological applications. This review critically evaluates evidence quality across study designs. In vitro studies demonstrate antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, wound-healing, and antimicrobial [...] Read more.
Coffee-derived materials from diverse botanical sources (beans, leaves, fruit and spent grounds) contain bioactive polyphenolic compounds, alkaloids, and diterpenes with potential dermatological applications. This review critically evaluates evidence quality across study designs. In vitro studies demonstrate antioxidant, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, photoprotective, wound-healing, and antimicrobial activities. Animal models show photoprotection and wound-healing effects. These studies highlight the multifunctional dermatological value of coffee-derived materials as ingredients for cosmetic and therapeutic formulations aimed at combating skin aging, inflammation, and barrier dysfunction. Limited human trials (typically small sample sizes and short duration) report modest improvements in skin hydration, elasticity, barrier function, and reductions in erythema, transepidermal water loss, and ultraviolet-induced damage, though methodological limitations constrain interpretation. Observational epidemiological studies report inverse associations between coffee consumption and melanoma/basal cell carcinoma risk, but residual confounding by sun exposure, lifestyle factors, and genetic susceptibility precludes causal inference. Critical translational barriers include insufficient pharmacokinetic characterization, inadequate extract standardization across sources and processing methods, formulation challenges, bioavailability uncertainties, and limited independent validation. While preclinical evidence supports diverse biological activities and suggests multifunctional potential for cosmetic and therapeutic applications, current evidence remains insufficient to recommend coffee-derived products as a primary evidence-based dermatological intervention. Overall, large-scale, independent clinical trials with adequate duration and clinically meaningful endpoints are essential for translating laboratory findings into validated clinical applications. Full article
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