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Antibiotics
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Resistance to Antibacterials in Human Pathogens
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Resistance to Antibacterials in Human Pathogens

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (28 February 2023) | Viewed by 7654

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Max Maurin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre National de Référence des Francisella, Institut de Biologie etde Pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
2. Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, TIMC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Interests: zoonoses; tularemia; brucellosis; bartonellosis; diagnosis; antibiotic susceptibility testing; antibiotic resistance
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Daniela Eletto

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano, Italy
Interests: helicobacter infection; host immune response; gastric cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The progressive increase in resistances to antibiotics in bacterial human pathogens is a worldwide public health concern. The World Health Organization has defined the priority pathogens for which an increase in the prevalence of antibiotic resistances might lead to significant reduction in antibiotic therapy alternatives. Common human pathogens that frequently develop multidrug resistance (MDR), and occasionally extensively drug resistance (XDR), include methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, the enterobacteria producing extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) or carbapenemases (CARB), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ESBL or CARB), and Acinetobacter baumanii (ESBL or CARB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDR or XDR phenotypes) remains a significant human pathogen worldwide. Many other bacterial species have developed antibiotic resistances. The aim of this topic is to provide an up-to-date overview of the current situation of antimicrobial resistances in human bacterial pathogens. Publications may deal with epidemiological data, medical data, economic data, antibiotic resistance phenotypes and genotypes, new methodologies for assessing antibiotic resistances (including whole genome sequencing), and genetic mechanisms of the emergence and spread of antibiotic resistances. This topic is focused on human bacterial pathogens and resistance to antibiotics but is not restricted to specific bacterial species.

Prof. Dr. Max Maurin
Dr. Daniela Eletto
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Antibiotic resistance
  • Antibiotic resistance epidemiology
  • Medical impact of antibiotic resistance
  • Economic impact of antibiotic resistance
  • Antibiotic resistance phenotypes
  • Antibiotic resistance genotypes
  • Antibiotic resistance mechanisms
  • Antibiotic resistance detection methods
  • Genetic mechanisms of the emergence of antibiotic resistance
  • Genetic mechanisms of the spread of antibiotic resistance

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 11891 KiB  
Article
Treatment of Mouse Infants with Amoxicillin, but Not the Human Milk-Derived Antimicrobial HAMLET, Impairs Lung Th17 Responses
by Sudhanshu Shekhar, Navdeep Kaur Brar, Anders P. Håkansson and Fernanda Cristina Petersen
Antibiotics 2023, 12(2), 423; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020423 - 20 Feb 2023
Viewed by 2317
Abstract
Emerging evidence suggests differential effects of therapeutic antibiotics on infant T cell responses to pathogens. In this study, we explored the impact of the treatment of mouse infants with amoxicillin and the human milk-derived antimicrobial HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) [...] Read more.
Emerging evidence suggests differential effects of therapeutic antibiotics on infant T cell responses to pathogens. In this study, we explored the impact of the treatment of mouse infants with amoxicillin and the human milk-derived antimicrobial HAMLET (human alpha-lactalbumin made lethal to tumor cells) on T cell responses to Streptococcus pneumoniae. Lung cells and splenocytes were isolated from the infant mice subjected to intranasal administration of amoxicillin, HAMLET, or a combination of HAMLET and amoxicillin, and cultured with S. pneumoniae to measure T cell responses. After in-vitro stimulation with S. pneumoniae, lung cells from amoxicillin- or amoxicillin plus HAMLET-treated mice produced lower levels of Th17 (IL-17A), but not Th1 (IFN-γ), cytokine than mice receiving HAMLET or PBS. IL-17A/IFN-γ cytokine levels produced by the stimulated splenocytes, on the other hand, revealed no significant difference among treatment groups. Further analysis of T cell cytokine profiles by flow cytometry showed that lung CD4+, but not CD8+, T cells from amoxicillin- or HAMLET plus amoxicillin-treated mice expressed decreased levels of IL-17A compared to those from HAMLET-exposed or control mice. Collectively, these results indicate that exposure of infant mice to amoxicillin, but not HAMLET, may suppress lung Th17 responses to S. pneumoniae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Antibacterials in Human Pathogens)
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15 pages, 527 KiB  
Article
Predictors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus spp. Intestinal Carriage among High-Risk Patients in University Hospitals in Serbia
by Ana Janjusevic, Ivana Cirkovic, Rajna Minic, Goran Stevanovic, Ivan Soldatovic, Biljana Mihaljevic, Ana Vidovic and Ljiljana Markovic Denic
Antibiotics 2022, 11(9), 1228; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11091228 - 9 Sep 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1948
Abstract
The predictors of intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) among high-risk patients in the counties of the Southeast Europe Region are insufficiently investigated, yet they could be of key importance in infection control. The aim of the study was to identify risk [...] Read more.
The predictors of intestinal carriage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) among high-risk patients in the counties of the Southeast Europe Region are insufficiently investigated, yet they could be of key importance in infection control. The aim of the study was to identify risk factors associated with fecal VRE colonization among high-risk inpatients in university hospitals in Serbia. The study comprised 268 inpatients from three university hospitals. Data on patient demographics and clinical characteristics, length of hospital stay, therapy, and procedures were obtained from medical records. Chi-squared tests and univariate and multivariate logistic regressions were performed. Compared to the hemodialysis departments, stay in the geriatric departments, ICUs, and haemato-oncology departments increased the risk for VRE colonization 7.6, 5.4, and 5.5 times, respectively. Compared to inpatients who were hospitalized 48 h before stool sampling for VRE isolation, inpatients hospitalized 3–7, 8–15, and longer than 16 days before sampling had 5.0-, 4.7-, and 6.6-fold higher risk for VRE colonization, respectively. The use of cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones increased the risk for VRE colonization by 2.2 and 1.9 times, respectively. The age ≥ 65 years increased the risk for VRE colonization 2.3 times. In comparison to the University Clinical Centre of Serbia, the hospital stays at Zemun and Zvezdara University Medical Centres were identified as a protector factors. The obtained results could be valuable in predicting the fecal VRE colonization status at patient admission and consequent implementation of infection control measures targeting at-risk inpatients where VRE screening is not routinely performed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Antibacterials in Human Pathogens)
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9 pages, 244 KiB  
Article
Positive Association between the Use of Quinolones in Food Animals and the Prevalence of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa: A Global Ecological Analysis
by Chris Kenyon
Antibiotics 2021, 10(10), 1193; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101193 - 1 Oct 2021
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 2407
Abstract
(1) Background: It is unclear what underpins the large global variations in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that different intensities in the use of quinolones for food-animals play a role. (2) Methods: We used Spearman’s correlation [...] Read more.
(1) Background: It is unclear what underpins the large global variations in the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. We tested the hypothesis that different intensities in the use of quinolones for food-animals play a role. (2) Methods: We used Spearman’s correlation to assess if the country-level prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in human infections with Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was correlated with the use of quinolones for food producing animals. Linear regression was used to assess the relative contributions of country-level quinolone consumption for food-animals and humans on fluoroquinolone resistance in these 4 species. (3) Results: The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance in each species was positively associated with quinolone use for food-producing animals (E. coli [ρ = 0.55; p < 0.001], K. pneumoniae [ρ = 0.58; p < 0.001]; A. baumanii [ρ = 0.54; p = 0.004]; P. aeruginosa [ρ = 0.48; p = 0.008]). Linear regression revealed that both quinolone consumption in humans and food animals were independently associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli and A. baumanii. (4) Conclusions: Besides the prudent use of quinolones in humans, reducing quinolone use in food-producing animals may help retard the spread of fluoroquinolone resistance in various Gram-negative bacterial species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Resistance to Antibacterials in Human Pathogens)
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