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Antibiotics
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Mastitis: Causative Agents, Drug Resistance, and Treatment Approaches—2nd Edition
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Mastitis: Causative Agents, Drug Resistance, and Treatment Approaches—2nd Edition

A Special Issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382) belonging to the section "Antibiotics in Animal Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 28 February 2027 | Viewed by 2925

Editors

Dr. Amira A. Moawad

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Jena, Germany
2. Animal Health Research Institute, Agricultural Research Centre (ARC), Giza, Egypt
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; WGS; epidemiology; genetics; antimicrobial susceptibility testing; molecular biology; animal production; mass spectrometry; zoonotic diseases; foodborne pathogens; food hygiene and control
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Hosny El-Adawy

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Jena, Germany
2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr el-Sheikh, Egypt
Interests: antimicrobial resistance; epidemiology; poultry diseases; zoonotic; food-borne pathogens
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Heinrich Neubauer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Bacterial Infections and Zoonoses, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Jena, Germany
Interests: Ticks; Tick-borne Diseases (TBD)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The first volume of the Special Issue “Mastitis: Causative Agents, Drug Resistance, and Treatment Approaches” was published in October 2024 and was met with great success. This positive reception inspired us to launch a second volume, continuing our exploration of this critical topic.

Mastitis, primarily caused by bacterial infections, remains a significant economic and health concern in the dairy industry. It leads to reduced milk yields, compromised quality, and the emergence of multi-drug-resistant bacteria. Building on the insights from the first volume, this second edition will provide updated information on pathogen distribution and antimicrobial resistance patterns.

We will also explore alternative treatment approaches to minimizing the development of drug resistance. By integrating new research and practical solutions, we hope to offer a comprehensive perspective on addressing mastitis effectively.

Dr. Amira A. Moawad
Dr. Hosny El-Adawy
Prof. Dr. Heinrich Neubauer
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • mastitis
  • etiology
  • multi-drug resistance
  • alternative bovine mastitis treatment
  • WGS

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 7623 KB  
Article
A Decision-Oriented Calibrated Screening Workflow for Tylosin Derivatives: Closed-Loop MIC Validation Against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae
by Huan Liu, Yiming Liu, Na Yu, Miao An, Yaoxin Tang, Jing Qu and Xiubo Li
Antibiotics 2026, 15(7), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics15070666 - 8 Jul 2026
Viewed by 389
Abstract
Background: Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive veterinary pathogens has increased the need for more rational and experimentally grounded strategies to prioritize tylosin derivatives for antibacterial development. This study aimed to develop and externally a calibrated, decision-oriented screening workflow for tylosin-derived antibacterial analog prioritization against [...] Read more.
Background: Antimicrobial resistance among Gram-positive veterinary pathogens has increased the need for more rational and experimentally grounded strategies to prioritize tylosin derivatives for antibacterial development. This study aimed to develop and externally a calibrated, decision-oriented screening workflow for tylosin-derived antibacterial analog prioritization against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus agalactiae. Methods: Publicly available minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data were used to construct organism-specific multilayer perceptron models. Model performance was evaluated using a five-fold out-of-fold framework. Calibrated activity probabilities were then combined with precision-oriented thresholds and similarity-based applicability-domain constraints to define prospective Go/No-Go decisions. To examine external transferability, six synthesized tylosin derivatives (A1–A6) were prospectively predicted and subsequently tested using in vitro MIC assays. Results: Internal validation showed stronger and more stable performance for S. aureus than for S. agalactiae. However, closed-loop external validation revealed distinct organism-specific decision behaviors. For S. aureus, the workflow assigned Go decisions to five compounds and included the only experimentally active analog, A6, but also generated several false Go decisions for inactive analogs. For S. agalactiae, all six compounds were classified as No-Go under the primary decision rule, whereas MIC testing showed that four analogs were experimentally active, indicating conservative under-selection in a low-data extrapolation setting. Conclusions: Calibrated probabilities and applicability-domain analysis can improve the transparency and diagnostic value of antibacterial prioritization, but they do not guarantee robust external activity prediction when training-set coverage, threshold transferability, or chemical-space representation is limited. Overall, this study provides an early-stage, risk-aware closed-loop decision-support framework for tylosin-derived analog prioritization and highlights the need for iterative model updating, probability recalibration, and larger external validation before such workflows are used as high-confidence prospective screening tools in veterinary antibacterial discovery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis: Causative Agents, Drug Resistance, and Treatment Approaches—2nd Edition)
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24 pages, 350 KB  
Article
Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of Bacteria Causing Subclinical Mastitis in Dairy Cows in the Upper Cheliff Region, Northern Algeria
by Ahmed Khelili, Rachid Achek, Mohammed R. Abdullah, Abdelkadir Karim, Ibrahim Nabi, Amira A. Moawad, El-Hassen Lankri, Evgeny A. Idelevich and Karsten Becker
Antibiotics 2025, 14(12), 1190; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics14121190 - 22 Nov 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1921
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Subclinical mastitis is a common and economically significant infection in dairy cows. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in the Upper Cheliff Region, Northern Algeria, and to investigate the effects [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Subclinical mastitis is a common and economically significant infection in dairy cows. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of bacteria causing subclinical mastitis in dairy cows in the Upper Cheliff Region, Northern Algeria, and to investigate the effects of subclinical mastitis on milk production and reproductive performance. Methods: A total of 263 cows from 23 farms were screened for subclinical mastitis using the California Mastitis Test (CMT) and sampled for isolation and identification of bacteria by MALDI-TOF MS. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) was performed using the Vitek 2 system and disk diffusion method. Methicillin resistance in staphylococci and mammaliicocci was confirmed by mecA/mecC detection. Results: The results revealed a prevalence of subclinical mastitis of 58.9% at the cow-level and 31.1% at the quarter-level. The most prevalent microorganisms identified were Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) (24.4%) and Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) (20.5%), followed by non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) (16.9%), Escherichia coli (E. coli) (7.9%) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (7.08%). Risk factors significantly associated with the prevalence of subclinical mastitis included parity, lower milk production (<12 L/day), poor animal cleanliness and a history of previous mastitis. Reproductive performance was significantly impaired in cows with subclinical mastitis, cows with longer calving-to-first-service intervals (130 vs. 102.7 days; p < 0.0001), more services per conception (2.5 vs. 1.9; p < 0.0001) and a lower pregnancy rate at first service (24.5% vs. 48.1%; p < 0.0001). Furthermore, 43.2% of cows with subclinical mastitis required three or more inseminations to achieve pregnancy. AST showed a low resistance rate for the antimicrobial agents most commonly used in human and veterinary medicine. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) showed remarkable rates of methicillin-resistance (22.2%), as well as resistance towards fosfomycin (37.8%) and tetracycline (31.1%). A substantial proportion of E. coli isolates exhibited resistance to piperacillin (40%) and ciprofloxacin (15%). All S. aureus isolates were classified as MSSA without detection of mecA and mecC genes. Conclusions: The results of this study demonstrated that subclinical mastitis is prevalent in the Upper Cheliff region and is associated with reduced milk production and reproductive performance. The detection of pathogenic and resistant microorganisms in milk is alarming and requires effective management strategies to control subclinical mastitis and improve dairy farm productivity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mastitis: Causative Agents, Drug Resistance, and Treatment Approaches—2nd Edition)
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