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Antibiotics
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The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral...
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The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

A special issue of Antibiotics (ISSN 2079-6382).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 15287

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Glauco Chisci

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Oral Surgery Postgraduate School, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
Interests: infection antibiotics oral; maxillofacial surgery
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Paolo Pesce

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, School of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy
Interests: dental implants; implantology; surface; peri-implantitis; restorative materials; dental abutments
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The use of antibiotic in oral and maxillofacial surgery is a matter of interest for both surgeons and researchers. Treatment of infections and prophylaxis before surgery are some of the most common uses of antibiotics. This Special Issue in this prestigious journal aims to spread to the scientific plateau the innovation of antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery.

Contributions can focus on several topics:

  • Advances in oral and maxillofacial infections;
  • Antimicrobial and antibiotics therapy;
  • Local and systemic antibiotics;
  • Antibiotics in third molar surgery;
  • Antibiotics in orthognathic surgery;
  • Adverse effect of antibiotics;
  • Ecological prescription of antibiotics in oral and maxillofacial surgery;
  • Maxillofacial trauma and antibiotics.

Dr. Glauco Chisci
Dr. Paolo Pesce
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antibiotics is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • antibiotics
  • oral surgery
  • maxillofacial surgery
  • third molar
  • orthognatic surgery
  • advances
  • antimicrobials

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 280 KiB  
Article
Comparison of Different Antibiotic Regimes for Preventive Tooth Extractions in Patients with Antiresorptive Intake—A Retrospective Cohort Study
by Oliver Ristow, Thomas Rückschloß, Gregor Schnug, Julius Moratin, Moritz Bleymehl, Sven Zittel, Maximilian Pilz, Caroline Sekundo, Christian Mertens, Michael Engel, Jürgen Hoffmann and Maximilian Smielowski
Antibiotics 2023, 12(6), 997; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12060997 - 1 Jun 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1580
Abstract
In the present study, the impacts on success rates between three different antibiotic regimes in patients receiving preventive tooth extraction during/after antiresorptive treatment were compared. For the retrospective analysis, we enrolled patients who had undergone tooth extraction from 2009 to 2019 according to [...] Read more.
In the present study, the impacts on success rates between three different antibiotic regimes in patients receiving preventive tooth extraction during/after antiresorptive treatment were compared. For the retrospective analysis, we enrolled patients who had undergone tooth extraction from 2009 to 2019 according to the specified preventive conditions under antiresorptive therapy. Three antibiotic regimens were distinguished: (Group 1) intravenous for 7 days, (Group 2) oral for 14 days, and (Group 3) oral for 7 days of application. The primary endpoint was the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw at 12 weeks after surgery. A total of 760 patients and 1143 extraction regions were evaluated (Group 1 n = 719; Group 2 n = 126; Group 3 n = 298). The primary endpoint showed no significant difference in the development of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw between the groups studied (Group 1 n = 50/669 (7%); Group 2 n = 9/117 (7%); Group 3 n = 17/281 (6%); p = 0.746). Overall, the success rate was 93% after intervention when preventive measures were followed. With the same success rate, a reduced, oral administration of antibiotics seems to be sufficient regarding the possible spectrum of side effects, the development of resistance and the health economic point of view. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
9 pages, 1032 KiB  
Article
Microbiological Retention on PTFE versus Silk Suture: A Quantitative Pilot Study in Third Molar Surgery
by Stefano Parrini, Alessandro Bovicelli and Glauco Chisci
Antibiotics 2023, 12(3), 562; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12030562 - 13 Mar 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2843
Abstract
Background: Mandibular third molar (M3M) removal and management of postoperative complications represent a common matter of interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This potential quantitative study assessed the ability of two types of surgical sutures, Silk and polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE), to carry [...] Read more.
Background: Mandibular third molar (M3M) removal and management of postoperative complications represent a common matter of interest in oral and maxillofacial surgery. This potential quantitative study assessed the ability of two types of surgical sutures, Silk and polytetrafluoroethylene polymer (PTFE), to carry aerobic and anaerobic bacteria on wounds after mandibular third molar surgery, with a collection of the stitches at the suture removal and study in the laboratory on the basis of colony-forming units. Methods: This prospective quantitative study sampled a total of 10 consecutive healthy patients for mandibular third molar surgery at the Oral Surgery School, Dentistry and Dental Prosthodontics, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy. The mean age of the patients was 31 years (range 25–40 years), seven patients were male and three patients were female. Inclusion criteria were: presence of a partially impacted mandibular third molar. Exclusion criteria were: smoking and diabetes mellitus. Extraction of the mandibular third molar was performed under local anesthesia: after the third molar surgery, two sutures were applied on the surgical site distally to the second mandibular molar: one single 3/0 silk stitch; one single 3/0 PTFE stitch. No sutures were applied on the release incision. Sutures were removed after 7 days and were immediately conserved and sent to the laboratory to be rated on the basis of colony-forming units (CFUs). CFUs were evaluated and reported on GraphPad Prism and transformed into its base 10 logarithm. Data were analyzed with a non-parametric Wilcoxon test, and p-values < 0.05 were evaluated as statistically significant. Results: All the patients attended the suture removal date, and all the sutures were present in the site. None of the surgical sites presented dehiscence. No stitch loss was reported, and no patient reported mouth washing or tooth brushing in the surgery site. All interventions were uneventful and no major complications were reported after M3M surgery. Bacterial retention resulted as statistically greater in silk sutures rather than PTFE sutures, both in Brain Heart Infusion samples (p = 0.003) and Wilkins-Chalgren anaerobe samples (p = 0.002). Conclusions: We found the PTFE suture to be superior to the silk suture in a reduction in the bacterial biofilm in both aerobic and anaerobic evaluations after M3M surgery. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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9 pages, 1579 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic Efficacy of Bromelain in Alveolar Ridge Preservation
by Glauco Chisci and Luca Fredianelli
Antibiotics 2022, 11(11), 1542; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11111542 - 3 Nov 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 2357
Abstract
Most of research in regenerative oral surgery describes materials or techniques for increasing volumetric results for implant-supported prosthesis. The use of bio-materials in alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction commonly leads to a delayed recovery. Bromelain is an enzyme that belongs to a [...] Read more.
Most of research in regenerative oral surgery describes materials or techniques for increasing volumetric results for implant-supported prosthesis. The use of bio-materials in alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction commonly leads to a delayed recovery. Bromelain is an enzyme that belongs to a family of proteolytic enzymes derived from the stem of the pineapple plant (Ananas comosus) with effectiveness in decreasing the inflammation development and swelling. The present paper reports a prospective comparative study performed in order to test the possible use of oral bromelain 40 mg in alveolar ridge preservation. Evaluations were performed at three time points after the surgery: after 2 days (t1), after 7 days (t2) and after 14 days (t3). A statistically significant difference among patients that used bromelain and patients that used placebo resulted among the use of bromelain and lower Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at t1 (r = −0.75, p = 0.0067), t2 (r = −0.90, p = 0.0001) and t3 (r = −0.8566, p = 0.0008). Bromelain therapy reported a statistically significant difference among patients that used bromelain and patients that used placebo even with regards to the use of bromelain and postoperative swelling at t1 (r = −0.79, p = 0.0034), t2 (r = −0.81, p = 0.0020) but not at t3 (r = −0.34, p = 0.2967). With the result of the present paper, and the poorness of contraindication of the investigated drug, bromelain may be suggested to be used for patients that undergo to alveolar ridge preservation after tooth extraction. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Review

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18 pages, 1092 KiB  
Review
Amelioration Strategies for Silver Diamine Fluoride: Moving from Black to White
by Amjad Almuqrin, Inder Preet Kaur, Laurence J. Walsh, Chaminda Jayampath Seneviratne and Sobia Zafar
Antibiotics 2023, 12(2), 298; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020298 - 2 Feb 2023
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3239
Abstract
Topical cariostatic agents have become a reasonable alternative for managing dental caries in young children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a practical topical approach to arrest caries and avoid extensive and risky dental treatment. However, the literature demonstrates a parental hesitation towards accepting [...] Read more.
Topical cariostatic agents have become a reasonable alternative for managing dental caries in young children. Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a practical topical approach to arrest caries and avoid extensive and risky dental treatment. However, the literature demonstrates a parental hesitation towards accepting SDF because of black unaesthetic tooth discolouration following application. The rapid oxidation of ionic silver darkens demineralised tooth structure permanently. In this regard, nano-metallic antimicrobials could augment or substitute for silver, and thereby enhance SDF aesthetic performance. Recently, biomedical research has drawn attention to selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) due to their antimicrobial, antioxidant, and antiviral potencies. Various in vitro studies have examined the effect of SeNPs on the virulence of bacteria. This narrative review explores practical issues when using SDF and suggests future directions to develop it, focusing on antimicrobial metals. Several methods are described that could be followed to reduce the discolouration concern, including the use of nanoparticles of silver, of silver fluoride, or of selenium or other metals with antimicrobial actions. There could also be value in using remineralising agents other than fluoride, such as NPs of hydroxyapatite. There could be variations made to formulations in order to lower the levels of silver and fluoride in the SDF or even to replace one or both of the silver and fluoride components completely. Moreover, since oxidation processes appear central to the chemistry of the staining, adding SeNPs which have antioxidant actions could have an anti-staining benefit; SeNPs could be used for their antimicrobial actions as well. Future research should address the topic of selenium chemistry to optimise how SeNPs would be used with or in place of ionic silver. Incorporating other antimicrobial metals as nanoparticles should also be explored, taking into account the optimal physicochemical parameters for each of these. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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Other

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20 pages, 830 KiB  
Systematic Review
Local and Systemic Antibiotics in Peri-Implantitis Management: An Umbrella Review
by Giovanni Boccia, Federica Di Spirito, Francesco D’Ambrosio, Maria Pia Di Palo, Francesco Giordano and Massimo Amato
Antibiotics 2023, 12(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12010114 - 8 Jan 2023
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 3568
Abstract
The present umbrella review aimed to characterize the type and regimen of antibiotics administered locally and/or systemically, alone or in combination with surgical and nonsurgical treatments, for peri-implantitis and to evaluate and compare the associated clinical, radiographic, and crevicular peri-implant outcomes. The secondary [...] Read more.
The present umbrella review aimed to characterize the type and regimen of antibiotics administered locally and/or systemically, alone or in combination with surgical and nonsurgical treatments, for peri-implantitis and to evaluate and compare the associated clinical, radiographic, and crevicular peri-implant outcomes. The secondary objective was to determine the most effective antibiotic type, route of administration, regimen, and protocols (antibiotics alone or in combination with other approaches) for treating peri-implantitis. The study protocol, which was developed in advance under the PRISMA statement, was registered at PROSPERO (CRD42022373957). BioMed Central, Scopus, MEDLINE/PubMed, the Cochrane Library databases, and the PROSPERO registry were searched for systematic reviews through 15 November 2022. Of the 708 records found, seven reviews were included; three were judged of a critically low and four of low quality through the AMSTAR 2 tool. Locally administered antibiotics alone or as an adjunct to surgical or nonsurgical treatments for peri-implantitis showed favorable outcomes, albeit with limited evidence. The administration of systemically-delivered antibiotics in combination with nonsurgical or surgical treatments remained questionable. Local plus systemic antibiotics have not been shown to have durable efficacy. Due to the heterogeneity of reported antibiotic types, routes, regimens, and protocols, no definitive conclusions could be drawn regarding the most effective antibiotic use in treating peri-implantitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Use of Antibiotics and Management of Infections in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery)
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