Special Issue "Xenobiotics in Animals"

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal System and Management".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2021.

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Elena Baralla
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: veterinary medicine
Dr. Valeria Pasciu
E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sassari, Via Vienna 2, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: veterinary medicine

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Xenobiotics are defined as compounds that are not naturally present in an organism but, for different reasons, can be found in it. With the development of society, xenobiotics presence has increased worldwide, creating potential risk to human and animal health. Xenobiotics include drugs, feed additives, industrial and agricultural chemicals, environmental contaminants, as well as other exogenous substances.

Xenobiotics can penetrate animal organisms; sometimes, they are harmless, other times they can alter physiological mechanisms in animals, depending on their nature and dosage. Moreover, xenobiotics can pass into milk or eggs or can accumulate in animal tissues and organs, which constitutes a risk also for human health.

Some xenobiotics are emerging contaminants whose safety profile is often unknown. For this reason, it is of great importance to identify them in animal matrices and to evaluate their effects on endogenous physiological parameters. This Special Issue aims to bring together high-quality research and review articles as well as short communications. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: analysis methods for xenobiotics determination in animal tissues and organs, validation of analytical methods in different matrices, toxicology of xenobiotics, case reports, evaluation of physiological changes induced by xenobiotics, pharmacokinetics of xenobiotics, residues analysis. Studies based on in vitro techniques will also be accepted according to the principle of Reduction, Refinement, and Replacement (3R) of animals in scientific research.

Dr. Elena Baralla
Dr. Valeria Pasciu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All papers will be peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • xenobiotics
  • animal matrices
  • emerging contaminants
  • endogenous parameters
  • physiology
  • toxicology

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

Article
Effect of Media with Different Glycerol Concentrations on Sheep Red Blood Cells’ Viability In Vitro
Animals 2021, 11(6), 1592; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11061592 - 28 May 2021
Viewed by 1285
Abstract
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane [...] Read more.
The use of high doses of glycerol as a livestock feed supplement is followed by a rapid increase in plasma concentrations and consequently in plasma osmolality. Moreover, glycerol is a highly diffusible molecule that can readily permeate the red blood cell (RBC) membrane following a concentration gradient. A rise in glycerol plasma concentrations can thus alter RBC homeostasis. The present study aimed at investigating both glycerol osmotic effects on sheep RBCs and their oxidative response under in vitro conditions. Sheep blood samples were suspended in media supplemented with increasing glycerol concentrations (0, 25, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400 mg/dL), which reflected those found in vivo in previous studies, and incubated at 37 °C for 4h. Thereafter, osmolality and hemolysis were determined in spent media, while cell extracts were used to assay intracellular concentration of glycerol, ATP, Ca2+ ions, oxidative stress markers and reactive oxygen species (ROS).The study confirmed that glycerol intracellular concentrations are directly related with its concentration in the incubation media, as well as hemolysis (p < 0.001) which increased significantly at glycerol concentrations higher form 200 mg/dL. ROS intracellular level increased at all glycerol concentration tested (p < 0.01) and total thiols decreased at the highest concentrations. However, RBCs proved to be able to cope by activating their antioxidant defense system. Superoxide dismutase activity indeed increased at the highest glycerol concentrations (p < 0.001), while total antioxidant capacity and malonyldialdehyde, a typical product of lipid peroxidation by ROS, did not show significant changes. Moreover, no alterations in intracellular Ca2+ ions and ATP concentrations were found. In conclusion, glycerol-induced hemolysis can be related to the induced osmotic stress. In sheep, nutritional treatments should be designed to avoid reaching glycerol circulating concentrations higher than 200 mg/dL. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Xenobiotics in Animals)
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