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Animals
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Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States
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Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Veterinary Clinical Studies".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 September 2024) | Viewed by 9965

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Urszula Lisiecka

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Guest Editor
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Interests: flow cytometry; immunology; immunodiagnostics; tumor immunology; tumor biomarkers
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Katarzyna Michalak

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Interests: proteomics; mass spectrometry; 2D electrophoresis; biomarkers; cell culture
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Stanisław Winiarczyk

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Co-Guest Editor
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 30, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Interests: animal infectious diseases; proteomics; analysis of tear film; metabolomics; animal biomarkers; immunology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the causes of many important animal diseases are complex and multifactorial, identifying biomarkers or biomarker profiles is a matter of great importance in veterinary medicine. Biomarkers are particularly relevant in medical and veterinary research as they indicate biological processes and pathological states that can reveal a variety of health and disease issues. The discovery of novel biomarkers for animal diseases is a great challenge and can help in supporting therapeutic decisions, better disease characterization, and the definition of treatment clinical care and management programs. Identification of new biomarkers can also help in choosing the cancer treatment options that match the tumor profile of any patient. New technologies enable the identification of specific and sensitive biomarkers from the huge number of molecules present in tissues or body fluids.

Besides the enormous number of applications in animal therapy, the use of animal models may be of immense value in defining and understanding human disease.

The topics of the Special Issue will cover the current developments in biomarker discovery and will focus on the role of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, cytomics, and metabolomics in biomarker research for animal disease. Both original and review articles are welcome. Potential topics include but are not limited to the following: new methodologies and new analysis methods; the characterization, applications, and validation of biomarkers; food intake biomarkers; stress biomarkers; diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer; toxicity biomarkers; biomarkers of inflammation; fertility-associated biomarkers; and acute and chronic disease biomarkers in livestock and companion animals.

Dr. Urszula Lisiecka
Dr. Katarzyna Michalak
Dr. Stanisław Winiarczyk
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • animal biomarkers
  • biomarker characterization
  • biomarker applications
  • biomarker validation
  • food intake biomarkers
  • stress biomarkers
  • diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer
  • toxicity biomarkers
  • biomarkers of inflammation
  • fertility-associated biomarkers
  • acute and chronic disease biomarkers

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Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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18 pages, 2893 KiB  
Article
Early Detection of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Plasma Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Kidney Injury Molecule-1 in Small-Breed Dogs: A Retrospective Pilot Study
by Hyo-Sung Kim, Han-Jun Kim and Sun-Hee Do
Animals 2024, 14(16), 2313; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162313 - 9 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1260
Abstract
Multiple diagnostic modalities are urgently needed to identify early-stage kidney diseases. Various molecules have been investigated; however, most studies have focused on identifying specific biomarkers in urine. Considering that assessing the symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) plasma concentration is more suitable as an early diagnostic [...] Read more.
Multiple diagnostic modalities are urgently needed to identify early-stage kidney diseases. Various molecules have been investigated; however, most studies have focused on identifying specific biomarkers in urine. Considering that assessing the symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) plasma concentration is more suitable as an early diagnostic test for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in routine veterinary practice, we aimed to investigate the clinical usefulness of plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (pNGAL) and plasma kidney injury molecule-1 (pKIM-1) concentrations for CKD detection in small-breed dogs. Through a retrospective analysis, we found that numerous clinicopathological data showed a log-normal distribution, even when they satisfied normality tests. Moreover, the log-transformed pNGAL and pKIM-1 concentrations successfully identified CKD International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) stages 1–4 and the risk group with underlying CKD risk factors. Correlation analysis and group comparison of other factors confirmed the possibility of using these two biomarkers for detecting the CKD risk group and IRIS stage 1. Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis revealed that the diagnostic accuracy for discriminating the risk group was superior in the order of pKIM-1, pNGAL, SDMA, and serum creatinine levels. In conclusion, these results suggest that pKIM-1 and pNGAL are possible early or quantifiable markers of insignificant CKD or can be at least used as an adjunct with traditional indicators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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19 pages, 4564 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of the Therapeutic Potential of Amantadine in a Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Model in Rats
by Isabela Santana Albertazzi Drummond, Jéssica Natália Silva de Oliveira, Raquel Vieira Niella, Álvaro José Chávez Silva, Iago Santos de Oliveira, Sophia Saraiva de Souza, Claire Souza da Costa Marques, Janaina Maria Xavier Corrêa, Juneo Freitas Silva and Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
Animals 2024, 14(13), 1941; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14131941 - 30 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 954
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of amantadine in a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. The treated groups received oral amantadine at doses of 2, 5, 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg, with daily applications [...] Read more.
This study aimed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of amantadine in a vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were used. The treated groups received oral amantadine at doses of 2, 5, 12, 25 and 50 mg/kg, with daily applications for 14 days. The mechanical paw withdrawal threshold was measured using a digital analgesimeter. Immunohistochemical analysis of IL-6, TNFα, MIP1α, IL-10, CX3CR1, CXCR4, SOD, CAT and GPx, and enzymatic activity analysis of CAT, SOD and GPx were performed, in addition to quantitative PCR of Grp78, Chop, Ho1, Perk, Bax, Bcl-xL, Casp 3, Casp 9, IL-6, IL-10, IL-18 and IL-1β. The results showed an increase in nociceptive thresholds in animals that received 25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg amantadine. Immunohistochemistry showed a decrease in the immunostaining of IL-6, TNFα, MIP1α and CX3CR1, and an increase in IL-10. CAT and SOD showed an increase in both immunochemistry and enzymatic analysis. qPCR revealed a reduced expression of genes related to endoplasmic reticulum stress and regulation in the expression of immunological and apoptotic markers. Amantadine demonstrated antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects in the vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy model in rats, suggesting that amantadine may be considered an alternative approach for the treatment of vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathic pain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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17 pages, 667 KiB  
Article
Faecal Short-Chain, Long-Chain, and Branched-Chain Fatty Acids as Markers of Different Chronic Inflammatory Enteropathies in Dogs
by Cristina Higueras, Ángel Sainz, Mercedes García-Sancho, Fernando Rodríguez-Franco and Ana I. Rey
Animals 2024, 14(12), 1825; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14121825 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1142
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) are classified based on treatment trials, and new methods are being sought for earlier differentiation and characterization. Giardia infection (GIA) is one of the first differential diagnoses and may be present in CIE-affected dogs. The aim of this study [...] Read more.
Chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIEs) are classified based on treatment trials, and new methods are being sought for earlier differentiation and characterization. Giardia infection (GIA) is one of the first differential diagnoses and may be present in CIE-affected dogs. The aim of this study was to evaluate the faecal characteristics and faecal fatty acid profile (short, medium, long, and branched-chain fatty acids) in dogs with food-responsive enteropathy (FRE), immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE), and dogs infected with Giardia compared to healthy control (HC) animals as a potential non-invasive indicator of intestinal health that helps in the differentiation of CIEs. The C16:1n-7 percentage (p = 0.0001) and C16:1n-7/C16:0 ratio (p = 0.0001) served to differentiate between HC, FRE, and IRE. IRE dogs presented lower levels of short-chain fatty acids (∑SCFAs) (p = 0.0008) and acetic acid (C2) (p = 0.0007) compared to the other three groups and lower propionic acid (C3) (p = 0.0022) compared to HCs. IRE and GIA presented higher faecal fat content (p = 0.0080) and ratio of iso/anteiso branched-chain fatty acids (BCFAs) compared to HC and FRE. Correlations between some fatty acids and desaturation indices with the canine inflammatory bowel disease activity index and faecal characteristics were observed, suggesting that these compounds could play an important role in the pathogenesis of these diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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13 pages, 2900 KiB  
Article
Examining the Effects of Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy on the Cardiovascular System and Oxidative Stress in Insulin-Treated and Non-Treated Diabetic Rats
by Petar Ristic, Maja Savic, Sergey Bolevich, Stefani Bolevich, Alexandra Orlova, Anastasiya Mikhaleva, Anna Kartashova, Koka Yavlieva, Tamara Nikolic Turnic, Bozidar Pindovic, Katarina Djordjevic, Ivan Srejovic, Vladimir Zivkovic and Vladimir Jakovljevic
Animals 2023, 13(18), 2847; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13182847 - 7 Sep 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1353
Abstract
Background: This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cardiovascular system and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: DM group (diabetic rats), DM+HBOT group (diabetic rats exposed to HBOT for 1 [...] Read more.
Background: This study explored the effects of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) on the cardiovascular system and oxidative stress in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Wistar albino rats were divided into four groups: DM group (diabetic rats), DM+HBOT group (diabetic rats exposed to HBOT for 1 h daily, five days a week, at 2.8 atmosphere absolute (ATA) with 100% oxygen for two weeks), DM+INS group (diabetic rats treated with neutral protamine hagedorn (NPH) insulin at a dosage of 3–5 U/day), and DM+HBOT+INS group (diabetic rats treated with both NPH insulin and HBOT for two weeks). Methods: Evaluations included glycemic control, oxidative stress parameters, and cardiac function measurements. Results: NPH insulin treatment reduced blood glucose levels, although normoglycemia was not achieved. The DM+HBOT+INS group demonstrated the lowest pro-oxidative marker levels. NPH insulin treatment improved cardiac function, and combination therapy effectively restored cardiac function in diabetic animals. Conclusions: NPH insulin treatment reduced hyperglycemia and improved cardiac function in diabetic rats. The combined approach of NPH insulin and HBOT resulted in decreased pro-oxidative markers. These findings provide valuable insights for managing cardiovascular complications and oxidative stress in diabetes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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18 pages, 1259 KiB  
Article
Immunological and Oxidative Biomarkers in Bovine Serum from Healthy, Clinical, and Sub-Clinical Mastitis Caused by Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus Infection
by Asmaa Sadat, Alshimaa M. M. Farag, Driss Elhanafi, Amal Awad, Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy, Noorah Alsowayeh, Manal F. El-khadragy and Gehad E. Elshopakey
Animals 2023, 13(5), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13050892 - 1 Mar 2023
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
The study aimed to investigate the mastitis’ emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian [...] Read more.
The study aimed to investigate the mastitis’ emerging causative agents and their antimicrobial sensitivity, in addition to the hematological, biochemical indicators, oxidative biomarkers, acute phase protein (APP), and inflammatory cytokine changes in dairy farms in Gamasa, Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. One hundred Holstein Friesian dairy cattle with clinical and subclinical mastitis were investigated and were allocated into three groups based on a thorough clinical examination. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were found responsible for the clinical and subclinical mastitis in dairy farms, respectively. Multiple drug resistance (MDR) was detected in 100%, and 94.74% of E. coli and S. aureus isolates, respectively. Significantly low RBCs count, Hb, and PCV values were detected in mastitic cows compared with both subclinical mastitic and control groups; moreover, WBCs, lymphocytes, and neutrophil counts were significantly diminished in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Significantly higher levels of AST, LDH, total protein, and globulin were noticed in both mastitic and subclinical mastitic cows. The haptoglobin, fibrinogen, amyloid A, ceruloplasmin, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels were statistically increased in mastitic cows compared to the controls. Higher MDA levels and reduction of TAC and catalase were identified in all the mastitic cases compared to the controls. Overall, the findings suggested potential public health hazards due to antimicrobial resistance emergence. Meanwhile, the APP and cytokines, along with antioxidant markers can be used as early indicators of mastitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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Review

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19 pages, 1618 KiB  
Review
Overview of Bovine Mastitis: Application of Metabolomics in Screening Its Predictive and Diagnostic Biomarkers
by Muyang Li, Zhongjie Li, Ming Deng, Dewu Liu, Baoli Sun, Jianying Liu, Jianchao Guo and Yongqing Guo
Animals 2024, 14(15), 2264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14152264 - 4 Aug 2024
Viewed by 1579
Abstract
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary glands, and its pathogenesis and diagnosis are complicated. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of small-molecule metabolites, the metabolomics technique plays an important role in finding biomarkers and studying the metabolic mechanism of bovine mastitis. [...] Read more.
Bovine mastitis is an inflammatory disease of the mammary glands, and its pathogenesis and diagnosis are complicated. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis of small-molecule metabolites, the metabolomics technique plays an important role in finding biomarkers and studying the metabolic mechanism of bovine mastitis. Therefore, this paper reviews the predictive and diagnostic biomarkers of bovine mastitis that have been identified using metabolomics techniques and that are present in samples such as milk, blood, urine, rumen fluid, feces, and mammary tissue. In addition, the metabolic pathways of mastitis-related biomarkers in milk and blood were analyzed; it was found that the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle was the most significant (FDR = 0.0015767) pathway in milk fluid, and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism was the most significant (FDR = 0.0081994) pathway in blood. The purpose of this review is to provide useful information for the prediction and early diagnosis of bovine mastitis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Biomarker Research in Animal Pathological States)
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