Utilizing Genetic Resources for Agronomic Traits Improvement: 3rd Edition

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Crop Breeding and Genetics".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 September 2026 | Viewed by 3343

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Agronomy Department, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, University of Seville, 41013 Seville, Spain
Interests: wheat; genetic resources; leaf rust; history of wheat; history of plant breeding
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Guest Editor
Department of Environment and Agronomy, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: wheat; genetic resources; quality; yield; core collections
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Unit of Genetics, Department of Biotechnology—Plant Biology, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
Interests: wheat; genetic resources; genetic diversity; breeding; QTL detection
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Following the success of the first and second Special Issue of Agronomy on “Utilizing Genetic Resources for Agronomic Traits Improvement”, we are pleased to announce the launch of the third edition of the Special Issue, in which the same subject and submission process will be maintained.

Plant genetic resources are raw materials for plant breeders. Landraces and wild relatives were and still are used to supply alleles to improve agronomic traits such as dwarfing, resistance to plant pathogenic agents (fungi, bacteria, viruses, parasitic plants, insects, etc.), tolerance to abiotic stresses (heat, drought, salinity, cold, etc.), longer shelf life in fruits, etc. For instance, dwarfing, photoperiod insensitivity, and resistance to rusts have been crucial traits for wheat breeding over the last 60 years. Repeated backcrossing and marker-assisted (and genomic) selection help breeders to transfer those alleles into elite cultivars. The need for new alleles in plant breeding is continuous since new virulent races of plant pathogens arise continuously, global warming requires heat-tolerant genotypes, and the demands of the market (mechanized harvesting, handling, quality, fruit size, etc.) are permanently evolving. In this Special Issue, we aim to publish papers related to the use of plant genetic resources for key agronomic traits in the current plant breeding scenario. The genotypes carrying those traits may be utilized in a breeding program for obtaining a new cultivar.

Dr. Fernando Martinez-Moreno
Dr. Magdalena Ruiz
Dr. Laura Pascual
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • landraces
  • wild relatives
  • breeding for resistance to diseases and pests
  • breeding for quality
  • breeding for climate change

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 2438 KB  
Article
Genome-Wide Association Studies Reveal the Complex Genetic Architecture of Grain Number per Spike in Wheat
by Ying Chen, Yiyi Xia, Chaojun Peng, Haibin Dong, Yuanming Zhang and Lin Hu
Agronomy 2026, 16(8), 786; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16080786 - 11 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Grain number per spike (GNS) is a key component of wheat yield, yet its genetic architecture remains incompletely understood. This study phenotyped 610 wheat accessions for GNS in four environments and genotyped them using 429,721 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The phenotypes were associated [...] Read more.
Grain number per spike (GNS) is a key component of wheat yield, yet its genetic architecture remains incompletely understood. This study phenotyped 610 wheat accessions for GNS in four environments and genotyped them using 429,721 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). The phenotypes were associated with the SNPs using a three-variance multi-locus random-SNP-effect mixed linear model (3VmrMLM) to identify quantitative trait nucleotides (QTNs), as well as QTN-by-environment (QEI) and QTN-by-QTN (QQI) interactions. These genetic components and residual error explained approximately 18%, 31%, 28%, and 23% of the phenotypic variance, respectively. Two and one previously reported genes were found around QTNs and QEIs, respectively. Bioinformatics and haplotype analyses subsequently yielded 25 candidate genes, 22 gene-by-environment interactions (GEIs), and 24 gene-by-gene interactions (GGIs) around the QTNs, QEIs, and QQIs, respectively. Notably, TraesCS1D01G280000, the wheat homolog of OsRopGEF10, was located near a major QTN explaining over 10% of the total phenotypic variation. A gene interaction network constructed from all identified genes highlighted the central role of GGIs in GNS regulation. Environmental variation may reshape the regulatory network through GEIs. Furthermore, superior haplotypes of 12 candidate genes were identified, providing valuable targets for improving wheat yield. Overall, this study dissects the genetic architecture of GNS and offers practical resources for wheat molecular breeding. Full article
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20 pages, 1102 KB  
Article
Genetic Variations and Epistatic Interactions for Agronomic and Yield Traits in Winter Wheat Population Derived from ‘TAM 204’ and ‘Iba’ Cultivars
by Yahya Rauf, Jorge Luis Valenzuela-Antelo, Mehmet Dogan, Chenggen Chu, Shannon A. Baker, Jason A. Baker, Daniel Hathcoat, Geraldine Opena, Qingwu Xue, Jackie C. Rudd, Amir M. H. Ibrahim, Junli Zhang and Shuyu Liu
Agronomy 2026, 16(7), 755; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy16070755 - 2 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Background: Improving grain yield in wheat remains a top priority, requiring integrated breeding and genetic strategies. This complexity poses a major challenge, driven by quantitative polygenic inheritance, environmental influence, and intricate genetic interactions. We investigated genetic factors and their interactions for agronomic and [...] Read more.
Background: Improving grain yield in wheat remains a top priority, requiring integrated breeding and genetic strategies. This complexity poses a major challenge, driven by quantitative polygenic inheritance, environmental influence, and intricate genetic interactions. We investigated genetic factors and their interactions for agronomic and yield traits in two high-yielding winter wheat cultivars adapted to the US Southern Great Plains. Methods: A bi-parental mapping population consisting of 221 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from ‘TAM 204’ and ‘Iba’ was evaluated for three years in 11 Texas environments. Both parents and RIL population were genotyped on Illumina NovaSeq 6000 and sequences were aligned to IWGSC RefSeq v1.0 using Bowtie2 for SNP calling. For QTL analyses, each trait was analyzed by individual environment, across multiple environments and mega-environments. Results: A total of 86 QTL were mapped for five traits and among them 32 were consistent in more than one environment or analysis. Among consistent QTL, four were pleiotropic to more than one agronomic or yield traits mapped on chromosomes 2B (57.18, 59.47 Mb) and 2D (29.34, 40.64 Mb). The consistent QTL on chromosome 2D (29.34 Mb) was pleiotropic to GYLD, DTH, TW, TKW and explained maximum phenotypic variation for all traits, representing photoperiod gene (Ppd-D1). Another QTL on chromosome 2D (40.64 Mb) was pleiotropic to GYLD and TW and based on the physical position comparisons it likely reflects a unique locus in Iba. The pleiotropic consistent QTL Qgyld.tamu.2B.59 from TAM 204 represents Ppd-B1 gene. Moreover, it is more likely that Qdth.tamu.5B.575 represents the Vrn-B1 gene in Iba. A total of 23 digenic epistatic interactions involved consistent QTL for all traits. Amongst these, epistatic interactions between the consistent QTL on 2B (57.18 Mb) and 2D (29.34 Mb) were observed for GYLD, DTH and TKW. Conclusions: Our findings revealed key allelic diversity and interaction effects in elite wheat cultivars, paving the way for marker development for identified pleiotropic loci and implementation in marker-assisted selection and recombination breeding. Full article
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Review

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18 pages, 6336 KB  
Review
Triticale in Mediterranean Cereal Farming: Opportunity or Reality?
by Fernando Martínez-Moreno, Irfan Özberk, Fethiye Özberk and Ignacio Solís
Agronomy 2025, 15(9), 2175; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15092175 - 12 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2226
Abstract
Triticale is a cereal that currently has a cultivated global area of approximately 3.8 Mha. It is widely used as a feed and forage crop. Although winter triticale cultivars are planted in Poland, Germany and Belarus (the main producers), a significant portion of [...] Read more.
Triticale is a cereal that currently has a cultivated global area of approximately 3.8 Mha. It is widely used as a feed and forage crop. Although winter triticale cultivars are planted in Poland, Germany and Belarus (the main producers), a significant portion of their cultivation is carried out in the Mediterranean basin using spring cultivars. Spain and Türkiye are two examples of the success of this crop in terms of promotion, breeding, and expansion. Thus, in 2022/23, 280,000 hectares of triticale were planted in Spain, while 100,000 hectares were planted in Türkiye, ranking 5th and 8th in the world, respectively. Current triticale cultivars have high grain and/or forage yield. Furthermore, dual-purpose cultivars are available and can be intercropped with legumes, which increases their possibilities in the field. Triticale competes well with weeds and is resistant to many diseases. It performs well in acidic soils, and it is tolerant to drought, conditions common in the Mediterranean basin. In the future, funding for spring triticale breeding programs (which are scarce and declining) should be maintained, and projects to improve agronomic techniques and publicize the advantages of this crop could be implemented. Furthermore, the use of triticale for human food could expand in the region, especially in MENA countries. Full article
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