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Actuators
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Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings...
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Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17)

A special issue of Actuators (ISSN 2076-0825).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2022) | Viewed by 19291

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Richard M. Stephan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Federal University Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-901, Brazil
Interests: magnetic bearings; magnetically levitated (MagLev) vehicles; control of electrical drives; power electronics
Prof. Dr. Afonso Celso Del Nero Gomes

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Program on Electrical Engineering, COPPE-UFRJ, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CP 68504, Rio de Janeiro 21945-970, Brazil
Interests: active magnetic bearings; reluctance forces; control of magnetic bearings; magnetic bearings stiffness; interconnected flux
Prof. Dr. José Andrés Santisteban

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Graduate Programs on Mechanical and on Electrical and Telecommunications Engineering, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói 24210-240, Brazil
Interests: Magnetic bearings; bearingless motors; power electronics; electronic drives; control.

Special Issue Information

Dear colleagues,

This Actuators Special Issue will include high-quality papers presented during the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings, following the successful experience of ISMB17.

https://www.mdpi.co/journal/actuators/special_issues/ISMB17


After the end of ISMB17, authors of selected papers that match the Journal topics will be invited to publish an improved version of their contributions in open access, with the aim of providing a broad overview of the latest achievements and applications of magnetic bearings, magnetic actuators in many fields of mechanics, covering industry, automation, automotive, aerospace, and transportation. Papers could be original research papers, as well as review papers focused on the current state-of-the-art in one of the areas covered by the journal’s aims and scopes.

Prof. Dr. Richard Stephan
Prof. Dr. Del Nero Gomes
Prof. Dr. José Andrés Santisteban Larrea
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Actuators is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Active magnetic bearings
  • Passive magnetic bearings
  • Electrodynamic bearings
  • Superconducting magnetic bearings
  • Hybrid bearing systems
  • Sensors, actuators, power electronics for magnetic bearings
  • Self-sensing techniques
  • Rotor dynamics
  • Fault detection, diagnosis and tolerance
  • Back up / touch down bearings
  • Blood pumps and vacuum pumps
  • Flywheels.

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue polices can be found here.

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3749 KiB  
Article
Multiphysical Simulation, Model Order Reduction (ECSW) and Experimental Validation of an Active Magnetic Bearing
by Johannes Maierhofer, Christoph Dietz, Oliver M. Zobel and Daniel J. Rixen
Actuators 2022, 11(6), 169; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11060169 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2192
Abstract
Model order reduction techniques can be used during the operation phase of a product to generate virtual sensor outputs and enable diagnosis and monitoring systems. This contribution shows an approach with the example of an active magnetic bearing. The reduced model is used [...] Read more.
Model order reduction techniques can be used during the operation phase of a product to generate virtual sensor outputs and enable diagnosis and monitoring systems. This contribution shows an approach with the example of an active magnetic bearing. The reduced model is used to calculate a non-measurable physical quantity (here force) and uses a measurable quantity (temperature) to check for plausibility. As a test case, the dynamic force response under the influence of varying eddy currents due to temperature changes is investigated. Using a special test rig with a 6-dof force measurement platform, the effects are shown and the simulation results are validated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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16 pages, 1239 KiB  
Article
Simultaneous Identification of Free and Supported Frequency Response Functions of a Rotor in Active Magnetic Bearings
by Michael Kreutz, Johannes Maierhofer, Thomas Thümmel and Daniel J. Rixen
Actuators 2022, 11(6), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11060144 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2209
Abstract
Frequency response functions (FRFs) of rotor systems can be used as indicator functions for condition monitoring. Component-wise FRFs are of high interest to locate errors in the case of defects. To enable continuous monitoring, measurements should be taken during operation. This contribution shows [...] Read more.
Frequency response functions (FRFs) of rotor systems can be used as indicator functions for condition monitoring. Component-wise FRFs are of high interest to locate errors in the case of defects. To enable continuous monitoring, measurements should be taken during operation. This contribution shows methods of using active magnetic bearings (AMBs) for simultaneously determining different FRFs of a rotor system. The AMBs, in addition to supporting the rotor, are used simultaneously as sensors and actuators. Two different types of FRFs, namely, the one associated with the free rotor and with the supported rotor can be determined from a single experiment. This procedure does not need any change in the assembly because the AMBs are simultaneously used as bearing and excitation device. Considering as excitation the total bearing force of the AMBs results in the FRF of the free rotor. The FRF of the supported system is determined by considering a perturbation force only, which is applied on top of the controlled AMB force. As a showcase, an academic rotor test rig is used with and without rotation to verify the applicability of the method. To evaluate and interpret the results of the experiments, a numerical model of the rotor using finite-element formulations is used. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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19 pages, 5925 KiB  
Article
Control Strategies for Highly Gyroscopic Outer Rotors with Diametral Enlargement in Active Magnetic Bearings
by Timo Hopf, Michael Richter, Benedikt Schüßler and Stephan Rinderknecht
Actuators 2022, 11(3), 91; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11030091 - 15 Mar 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3182
Abstract
Flywheels are used for peak shaving or load smoothing to generate a higher efficiency and a more stable power supply. Therefore, this paper investigates highly integrated outer rotor flywheels levitated by active magnetic bearings (AMB). Due to the highly gyroscopic behavior and the [...] Read more.
Flywheels are used for peak shaving or load smoothing to generate a higher efficiency and a more stable power supply. Therefore, this paper investigates highly integrated outer rotor flywheels levitated by active magnetic bearings (AMB). Due to the highly gyroscopic behavior and the diametrical enlargement under rotation, the system behavior changes with the speed, leading to a significant decrease in the maximum force and maximum force slew rate of the AMB. Thus, the speed range in which a decentralized feedback control stabilizes the system is reduced. In the literature, there are numerous approaches for coping with gyroscopic behavior. However, there are far fewer investigations for explicit consideration of the change in the air gap in the control structure. Therefore, the goal of this work is to find a control strategy to reduce the effect of the gyroscopic behavior as well as the change of the air gap. The authors propose a control strategy combining a cross feedback control with a decentralized variable feedback control. With this combination, the drawbacks of the previously described effects are compensated, leading to a higher operating range of the system and a reduced utilization of the amplifier without overcompensation at lower rotational speeds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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16 pages, 2016 KiB  
Article
Internal Rotor Actuation and Magnetic Bearings for the Active Control of Rotating Machines
by Gauthier A. Fieux, Nicola Y. Bailey and Patrick S. Keogh
Actuators 2022, 11(2), 57; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11020057 - 16 Feb 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3019
Abstract
Passive rotors are often limited in rotational speed due to bearing constraints, stability and excessive vibration levels. To address the vibration issue, Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) levitating the rotor with a magnetic field can be used. They offer a clearance and variable stiffness [...] Read more.
Passive rotors are often limited in rotational speed due to bearing constraints, stability and excessive vibration levels. To address the vibration issue, Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) levitating the rotor with a magnetic field can be used. They offer a clearance and variable stiffness and damping to the rotor support, which help to mitigate greatly the vibration issue. However, they are also limited at large rotational speed because of the high frequency control force required to levitate the rotor safely. To overcome the frequency limitation, a dual AMBs/internal bending control concept is investigated with associated modelling and control algorithms. This approach is examined in simulation with a 19 kg rotor running up to 10,000 RPM, where three resonance frequencies are present at 2700, 5300, and 9300 RPM, with the first resonant frequency being the most strongly excited. Using internal rotor bending control, a maximum radial displacement of 15 μm for the rotor mid-point is achieved, which gives a reduction in vibration amplitude of 45% compared to the case of no control. Variations of the algorithm are presented and discussed, showing the potential of the proposed approach. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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16 pages, 1955 KiB  
Article
Methodology for Shape Optimization of Magnetic Designs: Magnetic Spring Characteristic Tailored to Application Needs
by Branimir Mrak, Bianca Wex and Hubert Mitterhofer
Actuators 2022, 11(2), 37; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11020037 - 25 Jan 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3451
Abstract
Topology and shape optimization are still rarely applied to problems in electromagnetic design due to the computational complexity and limited commercial tooling, even though components such as electrical motors, magnetic springs or magnetic bearings could benefit from it, either to improve performance (reducing [...] Read more.
Topology and shape optimization are still rarely applied to problems in electromagnetic design due to the computational complexity and limited commercial tooling, even though components such as electrical motors, magnetic springs or magnetic bearings could benefit from it, either to improve performance (reducing torque ripple and losses through shaping harmonic content in back electromotive force) or reduce the use of rare-earth materials. Magnetic springs are a fatigue free alternative to mechanical springs, where shape optimization can be exploited to a great degree—allowing for advanced non-linear stiffness characteristic shaping. We present the optimization methodology relying on a combination of several approaches for characteristic shaping of magnetic springs through either a modular design approach based on: (i) Fourier order decomposition; (ii) breaking conventional design symmetry; or (iii) free shaping of magnets through deviation from a nominal design using problem formulations such as spline and polynomials for material boundary definitions. Each of the parametrizations is formulated into a multi-objective optimization problem with both performance and material cost, and solved using gradient free optimization techniques (direct search, genetic algorithm). The methodology is employed on several benchmark problems—both academic and application inspired magnetic spring torque characteristic requirements. The resulting designs fit well with the requirements, with a relatively low computational cost. As such, the methodology presented is a promising candidate for other design problems in 2D shape optimization in electrical motor research and development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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16 pages, 5996 KiB  
Article
Drop-Downs of an Outer Rotor Flywheel in Different Planetary Touch-Down Bearing Designs
by Benedikt Schüßler, Timo Hopf and Stephan Rinderknecht
Actuators 2022, 11(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/act11020030 - 21 Jan 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3021
Abstract
With an increase in renewable energy in the electricity grid, more storage capacity for grid stabilization and energy flexibilization is necessary. Dynamic grid stabilization is one possible application for flywheels. To increase the energy density of flywheels, they can be built as highly [...] Read more.
With an increase in renewable energy in the electricity grid, more storage capacity for grid stabilization and energy flexibilization is necessary. Dynamic grid stabilization is one possible application for flywheels. To increase the energy density of flywheels, they can be built as highly integrated outer rotor systems. The losses of the flywheel are reduced by magnetic levitation and operation under vacuum conditions. In the case of the failure or overload of the active magnetic bearings, the system needs touch-down bearings to prevent system destruction. Planetary touch-down bearings consisting of several small bearing units circumferentially distributed around the stator are especially suited for these systems. In the literature, these planetary touch-down bearings are rarely investigated, especially the number of bearing units. Therefore, this paper investigates the influence of the number of touch-down bearing elements in simulations and experiments for an 8-element and a 6-element touch-down bearing arrangement. For the investigation, drop-downs at four different speeds were performed. Simulation and experimental results showed that, for the 6-element touch-down bearing, in contrast to the 8-element touch-down bearing, maximal velocity did not increase with the drop-down speed. Therefore, the touch-down bearing arrangement with fewer elements is preferrable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from the 17th International Symposium on Magnetic Bearings (ISMB17))
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