Japanese Medical Students’ English Language Learning Motivation, Willingness to Communicate, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Participants
2.2. Data Collection
2.3. Data Analyses
2.4. Ethical Considerations
3. Results
3.1. Survey Validity
3.2. Survey Results
3.3. Statistical Analysis
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix A
References
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Pre-Pandemic | Mid-Pandemic | Late-Pandemic | Total | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Motivation Section Items | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | |
1. | I want to speak English with foreign visitors to Japan. | 4.56 ± 1.0 | 4.65 ± 1.1 | 4.60 ± 1.2 | 4.60 ± 1.1 |
2. | I want to speak English for traveling overseas. | 4.81 ± 0.9 | 4.90 ± 1.0 | 4.99 ± 1.0 | 4.91 ± 1.0 |
3. | I want to be part of the global community of people who can communicate in English. | 4.37 ± 1.0 | 4.39 ± 1.1 | 4.22 ± 1.3 | 4.33 ± 1.2 |
4. | I think knowing English can help me understand the world better. | 4.80 ± 0.9 | 5.07 ± 0.9 | 4.90 ± 1.1 | 4.93 ± 1.0 |
5. | I want to be good at English so I can read articles in international medical journals. | 4.40 ± 1.2 | 4.36 ± 1.2 | 4.33 ± 1.3 | 4.36 ± 1.3 |
6. | In the future, I want to publish my research in international medical journals. | 3.83 ± 1.1 | 3.72 ± 1.3 | 3.63 ± 1.4 | 3.7 ± 1.3 |
7. | In the future I want to make a presentation at an international conference in English. | 3.85 ± 1.1 | 3.73 ± 1.2 | 3.60 ± 1.4 | 3.72 ± 1.3 |
8. | In the future, I want to speak to foreign patients in English. | 4.23 ± 1.1 | 4.45 ± 1.2 | 4.34 ± 1.3 | 4.34 ± 1.2 |
9. | In the future, I want to work in another country. | 3.67 ± 1.2 | 3.59 ± 1.5 | 3.46 ± 1.5 | 3.57 ± 1.4 |
10. | In the future, I want to study abroad. | 4.11 ± 1.2 | 3.98 ± 1.3 | 3.85 ± 1.5 | 3.98 ± 1.3 |
Motivation section total mean scores | 4.26 ± 1.1 | 4.28 ± 1.2 | 4.19 ± 1.3 | 4.25± 1.2 | |
Willingness to communicate (WTC) Section Items | |||||
11. | In English class, I like to speak English in pairs. | 3.79 ± 1.1 | 4.00 ± 1.1 | 3.92 ± 1.2 | 3.91 ± 1.1 |
12. | In English class, I like to speak English in small groups. | 3.67 ± 1.1 | 3.78 ± 1.1 | 3.71 ± 1.2 | 3.72 ± 1.1 |
13. | In English class, I like to give presentations. | 3.28 ± 1.1 | 3.36 ± 1.2 | 2.96 ± 1.3 | 3.20 ± 1.2 |
14. | In English class, I like to raise my hand to answer the teacher’s questions. | 3.10 ± 1.1 | 3.05 ± 1.1 | 2.84 ± 1.3 | 2.99 ± 1.2 |
15. | I like to talk to my English teacher after class. | 3.53 ± 1.1 | 3.50 ± 1.1 | 3.30 ± 1.3 | 3.44 ± 1.2 |
16. | I like to talk to international students on campus in English. | 3.81 ± 1.2 | 3.90 ± 1.2 | 3.5 ± 1.3 | 3.75 ± 1.2 |
17. | I like to participate in international events and activities offered by the university. | 3.69 ± 1.2 | 3.61 ± 1.2 | 3.35 ± 1.3 | 3.54 ± 1.2 |
18. | I like to interact in English on social media. | 3.79 ± 1.2 | 3.78 ± 1.2 | 3.47 ± 1.3 | 3.67 ± 1.2 |
19. | I like to help foreigners I meet outside of the university. | 4.04 ± 1.1 | 4.25 ± 1.1 | 4.06 ± 1.2 | 4.12 ± 1.1 |
20. | I like to write English e-mails or texts. | 3.78 ± 1.2 | 3.68 ± 1.2 | 3.48 ± 1.3 | 3.64 ± 1.2 |
WTC section total mean scores | 3.65 ± 1.1 | 3.69 ± 1.2 | 3.47 ± 1.3 | 3.60 ± 1.2 |
Survey Items | Pre- and Mid-Pandemic Comparison (P) | Pre- and Late-Pandemic Comparison (P) | Mid- and Late-Pandemic Comparison (P) | Effect Sizeliwen (η2) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. I want to speak English with foreign visitors to Japan. | 0.801 | 0.964 | 0.964 | 0.068 |
2. I want to speak English for traveling overseas. | 0.798 | 0.379 | 0.755 | 0.375 |
3. I want to be part of the global community of people who can communicate in English. | 0.992 | 0.600 | 0.501 | 0.343 |
4. I think knowing English can help me under-stand the world better. | 0.114 | 0.718 | 0.411 | 0.534 |
5. I want to be good at English so I can read articles in international medical journals. | 0.978 | 0.922 | 0.980 | 0.058 |
6. In the future, I want to publish my research in international medical journals. | 0.803 | 0.474 | 0.844 | 0.326 |
7. In the future I want to make a presentation at an international conference in English. | 0.763 | 0.291 | 0.685 | 0.419 |
8. In the future, I want to speak to foreign patients in English. | 0.341 | 0.785 | 0.723 | 0.394 |
9. In the future, I want to work in another country. | 0.902 | 0.477 | 0.732 | 0.331 |
10. In the future, I want to study abroad. | 0.772 | 0.331 | 0.725 | 0.398 |
11. In English class, I like to speak English in pairs. | 0.345 | 0.676 | 0.835 | 0.392 |
12. In English class, I like to speak English in small groups. | 0.776 | 0.968 | 0.893 | 0.076 |
13. In English class, I like to give presentations | 0.872 | 0.119 | 0.029 * | 0.650 |
14. In English class, I like to raise my hand to answer the teacher’s questions. | 0.959 | 0.221 | 0.324 | 0.489 |
15. I like to talk to my English teacher after class. | 0.978 | 0.299 | 0.377 | 0.452 |
16. I like to talk to international students on cam-pus in English. | 0.841 | 0.964 | 0.100 | 0.552 |
17. I like to participate in international events and activities offered by the university. | 0.873 | 0.086 | 0.215 | 0.545 |
18. I like to interact in English on social media. | 0.998 | 0.121 | 0.120 | 0.585 |
19. I like to help foreigners I meet outside of the university. | 0.360 | 0.993 | 0.394 | 0.430 |
20. I like to write English e-mails or texts. | 0.839 | 0.174 | 0.413 | 0.497 |
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Mayers, T.; Mathis, B.J.; Maki, N.; Maeno, T. Japanese Medical Students’ English Language Learning Motivation, Willingness to Communicate, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. Med. Educ. 2023, 2, 283-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ime2040027
Mayers T, Mathis BJ, Maki N, Maeno T. Japanese Medical Students’ English Language Learning Motivation, Willingness to Communicate, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Medical Education. 2023; 2(4):283-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ime2040027
Chicago/Turabian StyleMayers, Thomas, Bryan J. Mathis, Naoki Maki, and Tetsuhiro Maeno. 2023. "Japanese Medical Students’ English Language Learning Motivation, Willingness to Communicate, and the Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic" International Medical Education 2, no. 4: 283-292. https://doi.org/10.3390/ime2040027