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Biomechanics, Volume 6, Issue 2

2026 June - 28 articles

Cover Story: This study assessed the reliability of sagittal spinal curvature and spinopelvic parameters in healthy adults using the A-Palp, a CAST-like approach. Spinal profiles were recorded with the A-Palp in an optoelectronic setup by palpating spinous processes. Marker data were processed to smooth trajectories, fit curvature arcs, and compute extracorporeal kyphosis, lordosis, and pelvic parameters. Reliability and repeatability were strong. For kyphosis and lordosis, the tangent method yielded the lowest errors. Most spinopelvic angles showed satisfactory reliability. Curve tracking was highly consistent across operators and sessions. Overall, the A-Palp method provided high-quality metrics for extracorporeal sagittal spinal and sacro-spinal evaluation. Variability was low across operators and sessions, supporting its use as a robust, non-invasive clinical and research tool. View this paper
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Articles (28)

  • Article
  • Open Access
875 Views
19 Pages

Quantitative Benchmarking of CBCT-Derived Finite Element Models Using Digital Image Correlation

  • Milan Drahoš,
  • Jiří Beneš,
  • Adrian Franke,
  • Christiane Keil and
  • Michaela Bučková

Background/Objectives: Image-based finite element analysis (FEA) is increasingly used in dental biomechanics; however, its reliability is often limited by insufficient experimental benchmarking and a lack of standardized workflows. This study aimed t...

(This article belongs to the Section Tissue and Vascular Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,139 Views
26 Pages

Experimental Validation of Upper-Limb Arm Motion Measured by Wearable IMUs Using a Kinect-Based Reference System

  • Marco Ceccarelli,
  • Rosaura Anaid Suárez-Santillán and
  • Cuauhtémoc Morales-Cruz

Background/Objectives: Accurate and accessible assessment of upper-limb motion is essential for rehabilitation research, ergonomic evaluation, human–machine interaction, and limb exercise. This work presents a comparative evaluation of upper-li...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sensors for Biomechanical and Rehabilitation Engineering)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,243 Views
9 Pages

Background: Walking a dog on-leash is a common activity for a large portion of our society. Many dogs consistently pull on the leash, which transmits potentially dangerous forces to the human body. The purpose of this in silico study was to determine...

(This article belongs to the Section Injury Biomechanics and Rehabilitation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
862 Views
15 Pages

Objective: To examine lower-body stretch–shortening cycle (SSC) indicators across chronological age categories and playing positions in elite male youth soccer players. Methods: In a cross-sectional design, 984 male players from Slovakia (U15&n...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,073 Views
15 Pages

Step-Level Characteristics of Pickup Acceleration Performance in Team-Sport Athletes

  • Mark E. Pryer,
  • Aaron Uthoff,
  • Chris Korfist,
  • Jonathon Neville,
  • Nick Mascioli,
  • Sean Barger,
  • Chris Slocum and
  • John Cronin

Background/Objectives: Pickup acceleration refers to acceleration initiated from a non-static start and can be described as a function of Approach, Transition, and Pickup steps. Given the forward-leaning posture adopted during the Transition and Pick...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,248 Views
13 Pages

Stretch-Load Demands of Multiple Hops: Implications for Athletic Performance and Rehabilitation

  • Anthony Sharp,
  • Jonathon Neville,
  • Ryu Nagahara,
  • Tomohito Wada and
  • John Cronin

Background/Objectives: This study aimed to quantify the kinetic demands of multiple hops in series, movement tasks that are commonly used in strength and conditioning and physiotherapeutic practice. Focus was placed on comparing the demands of a quin...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biophysical Mechanisms in Sports Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
864 Views
17 Pages

Background/Objectives: Baseball pitching injuries associated with fatigue-induced mechanisms may be attributed to change in lower-body power. In this study, a stretch-resistant belt (theorized to increase intra-abdominal pressure) was studied to dete...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,016 Views
16 Pages

Influence of Increasing Load on Ground Reaction Forces and Lower Limb Muscle Coupling Reorganization

  • Silvija Angelova,
  • Maria Angelova,
  • Rositsa Raikova,
  • Oleg Hristov and
  • Ivan Ivanov

Background/Objectives: Maintaining an upright posture is a complex, adaptive neurophysiological process that relies on a set of stereotypical muscle synergies. Despite extensive research on postural control, the interaction between muscle dynamics an...

(This article belongs to the Section Gait and Posture Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
907 Views
12 Pages

Effects of a Warm-Up Sequence on Postural Balance in Unmanipulated and Manipulated Sensory Conditions

  • Aurélien Speller,
  • Julien Maitre,
  • Mathias Da Costa,
  • Nicolas Rabadan,
  • Frédéric Noé and
  • Thierry Paillard

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare postural balance before (PRE) and 10 min after (POST) a warm-up sequence, under unmanipulated and manipulated sensory conditions using tendon vibration. Methods: Forty-three participants were divided i...

(This article belongs to the Section Gait and Posture Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
640 Views
11 Pages

Background/Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare differences in positive lower limb joint work contributions during the concentric phase of the countermovement jump (CMJ) at various levels of perceived effort (PE). Methods: Twenty-four...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
918 Views
18 Pages

Factor Analysis of Gait Parameters and Patient-Reported Outcome Measures in Women with Hip Osteoarthritis: A Pilot Study

  • Yuki Nasu,
  • Satoshi Hamai,
  • Tsutomu Fujita,
  • Kazuya Okazawa,
  • Tomoaki Tanaka,
  • Kenichi Kawaguchi,
  • Yasuharu Nakashima,
  • Nariyuki Mura,
  • Toshiaki Sato and
  • Hiroshi Katoh

Background: Gait performance (spatiotemporal and kinetic parameters), physical function (range of motion [ROM] and muscle strength), quality of life (QOL), and other patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are interrelated in patients with hip oste...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lower Limb and Surface Interaction: Implications for Performance and Injury)
  • Article
  • Open Access
863 Views
26 Pages

Background: Trabecular-bone adaptation (TBA) continuously reshapes the trabecular-bone (TB) microstructure at the microscale in response to mechanical loading. While organ-scale adaptation has been extensively studied, the mechanisms governing the ev...

(This article belongs to the Section Tissue and Vascular Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,322 Views
17 Pages

The A-Palp: A Digitized Manual Palpation Method for Sagittal Spine Assessment—A Study of Reliability over Time and Between Operators

  • Guillaume Claus,
  • Joe Abi Nader,
  • Laurent Fabeck,
  • Alphonse Lubansu,
  • Patrick Salvia,
  • Benoit Beyer and
  • Véronique Feipel

Background/Objectives: The A-Palp enables a calibrated anatomical systems technique (CAST) approach. Previous studies have demonstrated repeatability and concurrent validity for selected spinal curvature angles in patients with scoliosis. However, th...

(This article belongs to the Section Gait and Posture Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,285 Views
16 Pages

Application of the Strain Energy Density Criterion for Patient-Specific Geometry-Based Fracture Healing Simulation

  • Tingyu Dai,
  • Robin Reinardt,
  • Michael Roland,
  • Stefan Diebels,
  • Bergita Ganse,
  • Marcel Orth and
  • Gargi Shankar Nayak

Background/Objectives: Strain energy density-based algorithms are widely applied in modelling bone healing, yet their use under patient-specific geometry-based conditions remains underdeveloped. This study proposes a patient-specific geometry-based f...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling and AI Applications in Injury Biomechanics and Rehabilitation)
  • Article
  • Open Access
837 Views
13 Pages

Background/Objectives: Industry 5.0 emphasizes the protection and empowerment of human workers. Passive wearables reduce physical strain, but the evaluation of their efficacy remains incomplete when based solely on kinematics or electromyographic (EM...

(This article belongs to the Section Neuromechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,179 Views
14 Pages

Background: Standard clinical scales for pediatric and adolescent ataxia lack biomechanical granularity, limiting precision rehabilitation. This study aimed to identify compensatory gait phenotypes using unsupervised machine learning and establish a...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gait and Balance Control in Typical and Special Individuals: Second Edition)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,622 Views
10 Pages

Background/Objectives: While restricted dorsiflexion range of motion (DF-ROM) is linked to deleterious sagittal and frontal plane knee and hip kinematics during landing, the literature is conflicted as to whether excessive foot pronation is linked to...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Lower Limb and Surface Interaction: Implications for Performance and Injury)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,801 Views
22 Pages

Mathematical Model of Human Walking: A Theoretical Study Based on Anthropometric Data

  • Daniel Dantchev,
  • Svetoslav Nikolov and
  • Gergana S. Nikolova

Background. Walking is a fundamental human activity, vital for daily living, social connection, employment, etc. Methods. In the current study, we present a mathematical model of it, based on the planar double pendulum system influenced by gravity. F...

(This article belongs to the Section Gait and Posture Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,012 Views
23 Pages

Background: Ancient depictions of Pankration techniques have traditionally been interpreted through qualitative comparison with modern combat sports, without systematic biomechanical evaluation. The present study examines whether postural configurati...

(This article belongs to the Section Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,394 Views
15 Pages

Relationship Between Weekly Training Load and Pre-Match Neuromuscular Performance in U21 Football Players

  • Rodrigo Villaseca-Vicuña,
  • Pablo Merino-Muñoz,
  • John Cursach,
  • Natalia Escobar,
  • Guillermo Cortes-Rocco,
  • Felipe Inostroza-Ríos,
  • Felipe Hermosilla-Palma and
  • Jorge Perez-Contreras

Objective: To analyze the relationship between weekly accumulated external load and pre-match neuromuscular performance assessed through the countermovement jump (CMJ), in under-21 (U21) football players across 10 competitive microcycles. Methods: Si...

(This article belongs to the Section Neuromechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1 Citations
1,151 Views
13 Pages

Background/Objectives: The Gait Variable Score (GVS) and Gait Abnormality Score (GAS) have been proposed as methods for quantitatively evaluating deviations from normal gait patterns. This study aimed to investigate whether the GVS or GAS is more use...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Gait and Balance Control in Typical and Special Individuals: Second Edition)
  • Review
  • Open Access
921 Views
18 Pages

Parameter Uncertainty in Multibody Models of the Natural Knee Joint: A Scoping Review

  • Mehran Hatamzadeh,
  • Karolina Sowa,
  • Raphaël Dumas and
  • Adam Ciszkiewicz

Background: Multibody models are essential for studying knee joint mechanics, but their reliability and subsequent clinical utility are limited by uncertainties in ligament and contact parameters. Currently, no consensus exists on which parameters to...

(This article belongs to the Section Injury Biomechanics and Rehabilitation)
  • Feature Paper
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,326 Views
25 Pages

Background/Objectives: This paper investigates the application of radial basis function (RBF) interpolation to adapt the Toyota Human Model for Safety (THUMS) version 6 finite element (FE) models to diverse anthropometric profiles using ANSUR II data...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Computational Modeling and AI Applications in Injury Biomechanics and Rehabilitation)
  • Review
  • Open Access
2,301 Views
17 Pages

Biomechanical Perspectives on Surfing Performance: A Scoping Review

  • Maria J. Van Der Sandt,
  • Marta L. Machado,
  • Catarina C. Santos and
  • Mário J. Costa

Background/Objectives: Biomechanical research in surfing provides important insights into performance optimization and injury prevention, but the evidence remains fragmented across multiple domains. Methods: This scoping review aimed to systematicall...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biophysical Mechanisms in Sports Performance)
  • Article
  • Open Access
1,499 Views
18 Pages

Fatigue-Induced Decline in Push-Phase Propulsive Force While Preserving Intra-Cycle Force Timing in Competitive Swimmers

  • Luca Puce,
  • Marco Panascì,
  • Gennaro Apollaro,
  • Vittoria Ferrando,
  • Piero Ruggeri and
  • Emanuela Luisa Faelli

Objective: The effects of fatigue on swimming propulsion are unclear. This study examined upper-limb propulsive force and bilateral coordination during constant-speed front crawl performed until exhaustion. Methods: Twelve competitive swimmers comple...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics in Sports and Exercise)
  • Article
  • Open Access
2,158 Views
18 Pages

The Effects of Supplementary Low-Volume Nordic Hamstring Exercise Training on Flexibility, Mechanical Properties, and Hamstring Strength in Recreationally Active Individuals: A Randomized Controlled Trial

  • Konstantinos Thomas Kaliarntas,
  • Nelson Morais,
  • Georgios Andronikos,
  • Despoina Myrto Dounavi,
  • Athanasios Souglis,
  • Scott Wearing and
  • Gregory C. Bogdanis

Background: We assessed the effects of a 6-week, low-volume Nordic hamstring exercise (NHE) intervention on hamstring flexibility, muscle mechanical properties and eccentric and isometric isokinetic knee flexion strength in recreationally active adul...

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomechanics in Sports and Exercise)
  • Perspective
  • Open Access
1,226 Views
15 Pages

Unconstrained Segmental Biomechanics: A Conceptual Framework for Gait Initiation and Locomotor Transitions

  • Arianna Fogliata,
  • Lorenzo Cantoni,
  • Alessio Gambetta,
  • Antinea Ambretti and
  • Stefano Tardini

Background/Objectives: Traditional biomechanical models describe human locomotion as an articulated chain of rigid segments with constrained degrees of freedom, primarily focusing on kinematic descriptions of movement. While this approach facilitates...

(This article belongs to the Topic Current Perspectives and Future Directions in Sports Biomechanics)
  • Article
  • Open Access
944 Views
12 Pages

Tactile Sensory Deprivation Impairs Spatial but Not Motor Behavior in Freely Moving Previsual Rat Pups

  • Mariya Odrinskaya,
  • Elizaveta Strelkova,
  • Anastasia Rebik,
  • Pavel Aleksandrov and
  • Inna Midzyanovskaya

Background/Objectives: The vibrotactile system, which is essential for guiding behavior in nocturnal rodents such as mice and rats, provides critical sensory input. To investigate the role of vibrotactile sensory inflow in neonatal locomotion, we use...

(This article belongs to the Section Neuromechanics)
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Biomechanics - ISSN 2673-7078