Gait and Balance Control in Typical and Special Individuals: Second Edition

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Guest Editor
Human Motor Systems Laboratory, School of Physical Education and Sport, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-030, Brazil
Interests: body balance control in young, older and neurologic individuals; interlateral asymmetry of behavior
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Research on gait and balance control has evolved rapidly in recent years. By employing biomechanical techniques in scientific investigation, the knowledge on different factors related to this subject matter has increased. This observation applies not only to typical people but also to several special groups of particular interest within this theme, such as older adults, athletes or individuals suffering from Parkinson’s disease, cerebral stroke or cerebral palsy, to mention some examples. To compose a Special Issue to be published in the “Neuromechanics” section, we invite authors to submit for consideration original or review manuscripts approaching the theme of “gait and balance control” from a biomechanical perspective. We expect to gather in this Special Issue the diversity of applied and theoretical advancements on the matter.

Dr. Luis Augusto Teixeira
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

  • biomechanics
  • motor control
  • balance
  • gait
  • athletes
  • Parkinson&rsquo
  • s disease
  • cerebral stroke
  • cerebral palsy
  • aging

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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8 pages, 675 KB  
Article
Impact of Walking Path Length on Gait Parameters During the 2-Minute Walk Test in Healthy Young Adults
by Cecilia Lo Zoppo, Valeria Belluscio and Giuseppe Vannozzi
Biomechanics 2025, 5(4), 82; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics5040082 - 10 Oct 2025
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Abstract
Background/Objectives: The 2-minute walk test (2MWT) is a time-based gait assessment commonly employed for populations with limited walking ability for greater tolerability compared to the longer 6-minute test. The recommended distance to perform the tests is a 30 m straight path, a space [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The 2-minute walk test (2MWT) is a time-based gait assessment commonly employed for populations with limited walking ability for greater tolerability compared to the longer 6-minute test. The recommended distance to perform the tests is a 30 m straight path, a space requirement that is not always available in non-laboratory contexts. Shorter paths are therefore often adopted, but associated changes in gait patterns are not clear. The aim of the study is therefore to investigate how different walking path lengths affect gait patterns during the 2MWT. Methods: Twenty healthy young adults performed three walking trials on a straight hallway of 5 m, 15 m, and 30 m lengths. Spatiotemporal gait parameters were measured using three inertial measurement units on both distal tibiae and at pelvis level. Results: The 5 m path showed the greatest deviations, specifically in walking distance, walking speed, stride duration, stance time, swing time, single support time, and cadence, if compared to longer distances (p < 0.05). The 15 m path showed differences only in walking distance and walking speed (p < 0.05), if compared to the 30 m path. Conclusions: Shorter path lengths, particularly the 5 m, significantly impact gait patterns and should be considered when interpreting 2MWT results in clinical settings. The 30 m path is recommended as the gold standard, with 15 m as a viable alternative for assessing temporal parameters. Nevertheless, the extent to which each feature would be over/underestimated when walking in limited spaces is also addressed. Full article
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9 pages, 1024 KB  
Brief Report
Increased Hip-Flexion Gait as an Exercise Modality for the Reduction of Knee Joint Contact Forces: A Preliminary Investigation
by Tanner Thorsen and Nuno Oliveira
Biomechanics 2025, 5(3), 66; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics5030066 - 2 Sep 2025
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Abstract
Background: Increased hip-flexion gait (HFgait) has been shown to promote increased aerobic demands by increasing peak swing-phase hip-flexion angles while walking at comfortable speeds. Biomechanically, HFgait produces a gait pattern similar to walking, while removing the flight phase from running and reducing [...] Read more.
Background: Increased hip-flexion gait (HFgait) has been shown to promote increased aerobic demands by increasing peak swing-phase hip-flexion angles while walking at comfortable speeds. Biomechanically, HFgait produces a gait pattern similar to walking, while removing the flight phase from running and reducing tibial accelerations. We sought to identify knee joint contact forces between HFgait and common exercise modalities, including running, walking, and cycling, across intensity levels. Methods: Ten healthy participants completed two bouts (low and high intensity) of four different exercises: treadmill running, walking, HFgait, and cycling. Tibiofemoral joint compressive force (TCF) was estimated using a static optimization-based approach. Results: Peak TCF was greater in running compared to HFgait, walking, and cycling; greater in HFgait compared to cycling; and greater in walking compared to cycling. The integral of TCF (iTCF) was greater in running compared to cycling, greater in HFgait compared to running, walking, and cycling, and greater in walking compared to running and cycling. Conclusions: HFgait produced lower knee joint loading than running, comparable joint loading to walking, and greater joint loading than cycling. Thus, HFgait may serve as an exercise modality for populations where joint loading is of particular concern, while achieving aerobic demands similar to running or increased functional demands compared to stationary cycling. Full article
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