Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Algerian Sahara
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Occurrence of Cryptosporidium Species and Subtypes
2.2. Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis
2.3. Occurrence of Entamoeba histolytica
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Study Area and Sample Collection
4.2. DNA Extraction, PCRs Analysis, and Sequencing
4.3. Sequence Analyses
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Region | N° of Examined Fecal Samples | Cryptosporidium spp. | G. duodenalis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
No. of positive samples (camels) | Species identity | Subtypes | No. of positive samples (camels) | ||
El-Oued | 37 | 4 | 3 × C. parvum | IIaA15G2R1 a | 10 c |
IIaA17G2R1 | |||||
IIaA18G2R1 b | |||||
1 × C. bovis | - | ||||
Tindouf | 26 | 1 | 1 × C. parvum | IIdA19G1 | 0 |
Character | Category | No. of Sample | No. of Positive Cryptosporidium spp. | No. of Positive G. duodenalis |
---|---|---|---|---|
Region | Tindouf | 26 | 1 | 0 |
El-Oued | 42 | 4 | 12 | |
Total | 68 | 5 | 12 | |
Source | Stool | 63 | 5 | 10 |
Soil | 4 | 0 | 1 | |
Water | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Total | 68 | 5 | 12 | |
Gender | Male | 29 | 2 | 5 |
Female | 27 | 2 | 2 | |
Unknown | 7 | 1 | 3 | |
Total | 63 | 5 | 10 | |
Age | <5 years | 26 | 2 | 7 |
5–10 years | 20 | 2 | 0 | |
>10 years | 10 | 0 | 0 | |
Unknown | 7 | 1 | 3 | |
Total | 63 | 5 | 10 | |
Breed | Azaouat | 10 | 1 | 0 |
Hamra | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Tergui | 2 | 0 | 0 | |
Reguibi | 11 | 0 | 0 | |
Mauritanian | 1 | 0 | 0 | |
Sahraoui | 37 | 4 | 10 | |
Total | 63 | 5 | 10 | |
Breeding system | Extensive | 57 | 4 | 1 |
Semi-intensive | 6 | 1 | 9 | |
Total | 63 | 5 | 10 |
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Maxamhud, S.; Reghaissia, N.; Laatamna, A.; Samari, H.; Remdani, N.; Gentekaki, E.; Tsaousis, A.D. Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Algerian Sahara. Parasitologia 2023, 3, 151-159. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3020016
Maxamhud S, Reghaissia N, Laatamna A, Samari H, Remdani N, Gentekaki E, Tsaousis AD. Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Algerian Sahara. Parasitologia. 2023; 3(2):151-159. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3020016
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxamhud, Sadiya, Nassiba Reghaissia, AbdElkarim Laatamna, Houssem Samari, Nacira Remdani, Eleni Gentekaki, and Anastasios D. Tsaousis. 2023. "Molecular Identification of Cryptosporidium spp., and Giardia duodenalis in Dromedary Camels (Camelus dromedarius) from the Algerian Sahara" Parasitologia 3, no. 2: 151-159. https://doi.org/10.3390/parasitologia3020016