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Article

Neurotransmitter Availability and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Subacute Administration of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook) Tronc. and Rutin in Female Wistar Rats

by
Gênifer Erminda Schreiner
1,*,
Elizandra Gomes Schmitt
1,
Gabriela Escalante Brittes
2,
Laura Smolski dos Santos
1,
Luana Tamires Maders
2,
Itamar Luís Gonçalves
3,
Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento
4,
Nessana Dartora
5 and
Vanusa Manfredini
1,2,4,*
1
Pós-Graduate Program in Biochemistry, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana 97508-000, Brazil
2
Pharmacy Course, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana 97501-970, Brazil
3
Health Sciences Department, Regional Integrated University of Upper Uruguai and Missions, 7 of September Avenue, 1621, Erechim 99709-910, Brazil
4
Multicentric Pós-Graduate Program in Physiological Sciences, Federal University of Pampa, BR 472, Km 585, Uruguaiana 97508-000, Brazil
5
Biological Sciences Course, Federal University of South Frontier, Av. Jacob Reinaldo Haupenthal, 1580, Bairro São Pedro, Cerro Largo 97900-000, Brazil
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
BioChem 2024, 4(3), 252-267; https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem4030013
Submission received: 3 August 2024 / Revised: 31 August 2024 / Accepted: 9 September 2024 / Published: 20 September 2024
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Abstract

Background: Levels of chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, and neurotransmitter availability are altered in depressed patients and can be used as biological markers. This study aimed to analyze these markers in female Wistar rats under chronic inflammation induced by E. coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), treated with aqueous extract of A. gratissima and rutin, the major flavonoid of its extract. Methods: Thirty female Wistar rats under a chronic inflammatory regimen induced by 1 mg/kg i.p. of LPS were divided into six experimental groups: control (1), treated with fluoxetine 5 mg/kg (2), rutin at 50 mg/kg (3) or 100 mg/kg (4), aqueous extract of A. gratissima 100 mg/kg (5), and co-treatment with 50 mg/kg of extract and 10 mg/kg of rutin (6). Treatments were administered by gavage for 15 days. Results: Oxidative damage to proteins and lipids was lower in group 6 compared to group 2. Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines increased in group 1 but not in group 2, indicating a relationship with depression. Similar effects were observed in the treated groups, showing no significant differences from group 2. Neurotransmitter levels of dopamine and serotonin were low in group 1, and all treatments effectively increased them. Additionally, A. gratissima extract at 100 ppm increased locomotor activity in planarians. Conclusions: This study demonstrates the effectiveness of the LPS induction model in subacute experimental designs and the potential antidepressant effect of the treatments due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, and ability to increase neurotransmitter levels.
Keywords: depression; flavonoid; medicinal plant depression; flavonoid; medicinal plant

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MDPI and ACS Style

Schreiner, G.E.; Schmitt, E.G.; Brittes, G.E.; dos Santos, L.S.; Maders, L.T.; Gonçalves, I.L.; de Moura Sarmento, S.M.; Dartora, N.; Manfredini, V. Neurotransmitter Availability and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Subacute Administration of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook) Tronc. and Rutin in Female Wistar Rats. BioChem 2024, 4, 252-267. https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem4030013

AMA Style

Schreiner GE, Schmitt EG, Brittes GE, dos Santos LS, Maders LT, Gonçalves IL, de Moura Sarmento SM, Dartora N, Manfredini V. Neurotransmitter Availability and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Subacute Administration of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook) Tronc. and Rutin in Female Wistar Rats. BioChem. 2024; 4(3):252-267. https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem4030013

Chicago/Turabian Style

Schreiner, Gênifer Erminda, Elizandra Gomes Schmitt, Gabriela Escalante Brittes, Laura Smolski dos Santos, Luana Tamires Maders, Itamar Luís Gonçalves, Sílvia Muller de Moura Sarmento, Nessana Dartora, and Vanusa Manfredini. 2024. "Neurotransmitter Availability and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Subacute Administration of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook) Tronc. and Rutin in Female Wistar Rats" BioChem 4, no. 3: 252-267. https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem4030013

APA Style

Schreiner, G. E., Schmitt, E. G., Brittes, G. E., dos Santos, L. S., Maders, L. T., Gonçalves, I. L., de Moura Sarmento, S. M., Dartora, N., & Manfredini, V. (2024). Neurotransmitter Availability and Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Effects of Subacute Administration of Aloysia gratissima (Gillies & Hook) Tronc. and Rutin in Female Wistar Rats. BioChem, 4(3), 252-267. https://doi.org/10.3390/biochem4030013

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