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2 pages, 174 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Preface: XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering

by Walter Vargas, Jackeline Abad, Christian Tipantuña, Pablo Proaño and Jaime Cepeda

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077034 - 11 Dec 2024

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Abstract

The XXXII Electrical and Electronic Engineering Conference (XXXII JIEE-2024) is an annual event organized by the Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional, Quito, Ecuador [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 532 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Information-Theoretic Security of RIS-Aided MISO System Under N-Wave with Diffuse Power Fading Model

by José David Vega-Sánchez, Ana Zambrano, Ricardo Mena and José Oscullo

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 1; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077001 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This paper aims to examine the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided wiretap multiple-input single-output (MISO) system over generalized fading conditions by assuming inherent phase shift errors at the RIS. Specifically, the procedures (i.e., the method) to conduct [...] Read more.

This paper aims to examine the physical layer security (PLS) performance of a reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS)-aided wiretap multiple-input single-output (MISO) system over generalized fading conditions by assuming inherent phase shift errors at the RIS. Specifically, the procedures (i.e., the method) to conduct this research is based on learning-based approaches to model the magnitude of the end-to-end RIS channel, i.e., employing an unsupervised expectation-maximization (EM) approach via a finite mixture of Nakagami-m distributions. This general framework allows us to accurately approximate key practical factors in RIS’s channel modeling, such as generalized fading conditions, spatial correlation, discrete phase shift, beamforming, and the presence of direct and indirect links. For the numerical results, the secrecy outage probability, the average secrecy rate, and the average secrecy loss under different setups of RIS-aided wireless systems are assessed by varying the fading parameters of the N-wave with a diffuse power fading channel model. The results show that the correlation between RIS elements and unfavorable channel conditions (e.g., Rayleigh) affect secrecy performance. Likewise, it was confirmed that the use of a RIS is not essential when there is a solid line-of-sight link between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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12 pages, 5436 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Word Overlap Artifacts in Textual Entailment Models: A Study with Multilingual Back Translation on the SNLI Dataset

by Franklin Quilumba, Fausto Valencia and Hugo Arcos

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077002 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This paper investigates the domain of Natural Language Inference (NLI), with an emphasis on Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE). We utilize the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset, a benchmark for RTE tasks, to examine the efficacy of machine back translation and model performance [...] Read more.

This paper investigates the domain of Natural Language Inference (NLI), with an emphasis on Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE). We utilize the Stanford Natural Language Inference (SNLI) dataset, a benchmark for RTE tasks, to examine the efficacy of machine back translation and model performance in textual entailment. Our methodology employs a cost-effective approach using an open-source machine translation library like MarianMT with Helsinki-NLP/opus-mt models for back translation, applied to the comprehensive SNLI dataset. The concluding analysis demonstrates that no single model, whether back translated or augmented, consistently outperforms the reference English model in all aspects. The performance variations are particular to certain word overlap ranges and categories, suggesting that these models are essentially equivalent to the reference. This study contributes to the comprehension of machine translation′s impact on textual entailment models, emphasizing the complexities in multilingual NLI tasks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 7690 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Storage System for Automated Object Classification Based on Color Analysis

by Michael Guerra, Santiago Proaño, Angélica Quito and Samuel Peña-Bautista

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 3; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077003 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This article introduces a compelling study on the design and implementation of a storage system for automated object classification using color analysis. Despite notable advancements in robotic systems, the precise and reliable color-based classification in uncontrolled environments remains an ongoing challenge. The primary [...] Read more.

This article introduces a compelling study on the design and implementation of a storage system for automated object classification using color analysis. Despite notable advancements in robotic systems, the precise and reliable color-based classification in uncontrolled environments remains an ongoing challenge. The primary aim of this research is to develop an economical prototype that integrates color sensor and robotic arm to significantly enhance the efficiency of object-sorting processes across a wide range of industries. This study showcases the system’s impressive high accuracy rates of 97% for red, 96% for blue, and 98% for white objects in controlled settings. However, it also highlights the drop in accuracy to 76% for red, 64% for blue, and 68% for white objects in uncontrolled environments. These findings underscore the importance of maintaining consistent environmental conditions to optimize system performance, while also pointing to promising opportunities for modernization and semi-automation within the pharmaceuticals, food, and manufacturing sectors. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 2372 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On the Performance Comparison of Intelligent Control Strategies for Lithium Battery Chargers

by Pablo Rivadeneira, William Chamorro, Jorge Medina, Juan Ramírez, Daniel Orbe and Luis Salazar

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 4; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077004 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Lithium-ion batteries have become a beacon in modern energy storage, powering from small electronic devices to electric vehicles (EVs) and critical medical equipment. Since their commercial introduction in the 1990s, significant advancements in materials science and engineering have enhanced battery capacity, safety, and [...] Read more.

Lithium-ion batteries have become a beacon in modern energy storage, powering from small electronic devices to electric vehicles (EVs) and critical medical equipment. Since their commercial introduction in the 1990s, significant advancements in materials science and engineering have enhanced battery capacity, safety, and lifespan. However, the complexity of lithium-ion battery dynamics has necessitated the development of advanced charging and control strategies to optimize performance, safety, and longevity. This work proposes a comparative analysis of three advanced control methods for lithium-ion battery charging: reinforcement learning, fuzzy logic, and classic proportional–integral–derivative (PID) control. Traditional charging methods often fail to address the complexities of battery dynamics, leading to suboptimal performance. Our study evaluates these intelligent control strategies using MATLAB-Simulink simulations to enhance charging efficiency, speed, and battery lifespan. The findings indicate that reinforcement learning offers superior adaptability, fuzzy logic provides robust handling of nonlinearity, and PID control ensures reliable performance with minimal computational resources. Full article

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9 pages, 2857 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Fault Detection in Distribution Networks with Distributed Generation: A Practical Guide to the Morphological Median Filter for the Feature Extraction of Faults

by Verónica Rosero-Morillo, Le Nam Hai Pham, Sebastián Salazar-Pérez, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt and Eduardo Orduña

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077005 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 489

Abstract

In this paper, a signal processing method based on Mathematical Morphology (MM) is developed, designed to extract representative characteristics of signals that allow the identification and detection of various types of faults in distribution network feeders that incorporate distributed generation with inverter interfaces [...] Read more.

In this paper, a signal processing method based on Mathematical Morphology (MM) is developed, designed to extract representative characteristics of signals that allow the identification and detection of various types of faults in distribution network feeders that incorporate distributed generation with inverter interfaces (IIDG). The goal is to improve the performance of the fault protection system, ensuring rapid, sensitive, and reliable detection. The fault detection method presented in this article employs a well-known signal processing filter, called the morphological median filter (MMF), applied to the current measured at the current transformer (CT) associated with the relay located at the head of a feeder in a medium-voltage distribution network with IIDG. The extracted characteristics will be used in future research to detect and classify events, such as short-circuit faults or operational manoeuvres, thus facilitating the implementation of protection strategies. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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9 pages, 347 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Time-Series Modelling and Granger Causality Analysis of GDP and Energy Consumption: The Case of Ecuador 1965–2022

by Fausto Valencia

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 6; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077006 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 794

Abstract

Knowledge of the causality between Energy Consumption and GDP is important because it leads to the future actions of policymakers, such as developing infrastructure in case GDP growth depends on Energy Consumption. Hence, the Granger Causality between the Gross Domestic Product and Energy [...] Read more.

Knowledge of the causality between Energy Consumption and GDP is important because it leads to the future actions of policymakers, such as developing infrastructure in case GDP growth depends on Energy Consumption. Hence, the Granger Causality between the Gross Domestic Product and Energy Consumption of Ecuador is analysed in this research. For this purpose, a VAR model was developed with data from 1965 to 2022. Before including the time series inside the VAR model, ARIMA models were evaluated so that the need for differentiation and the use of dummy variables was detected. To ensure that the models include all possible information from the available data, the residuals were diagnosed until they did not have any autocorrelation between each other, there was no evidence of heteroskedasticity, and the residuals had a normal distribution. The Akaike Information Criteria and the Schwarz criteria indexes were compared to detect causality. The Granger p-value was also used to detect the probability of having null coefficients in the added time series. In the end, it was shown that Energy Consumption Granger causes Gross Domestic Product growth, but the same does not happen in the reverse direction. As a consequence, the government could support the development of energy infrastructure to incentivise economic growth. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 5320 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sliding Mode Control for Trajectory Tracking of a TurtleBot3 Mobile Robot in Obstacle Environments

by Jacob Riera, Sebastián Cachiguango, Michael Pedraza, Gabriela M. Andaluz and Paulo Leica

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 7; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077007 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

The proposed work presents a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for trajectory tracking of a TurtleBot3 Burger mobile robot based on sliding mode. Trajectory tracking is performed in congested environments; therefore, an obstacle avoidance strategy is presented to prevent the robot from colliding with [...] Read more.

The proposed work presents a Sliding Mode Controller (SMC) for trajectory tracking of a TurtleBot3 Burger mobile robot based on sliding mode. Trajectory tracking is performed in congested environments; therefore, an obstacle avoidance strategy is presented to prevent the robot from colliding with obstacles. A clear and detailed methodology is developed for the design of the SMC controller with a PID sliding surface for trajectory tracking that can be extrapolated to position control and posture control. The discontinuous part of the SMC is used to ensure that the robot tends to the desired reference whenever an obstacle appears. The stability analysis of the proposed controller is presented, and the experimental results are shown, demonstrating the good performance of the controller. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 758 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Sliding Mode Control Proposed Using a Clegg Integrator for Speed Control of a Three-Phase Induction Motor

by Pablo Proaño, Renato Díaz, César Chillán, Jorge Medina, William Chamorro and José Zuñiga

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 8; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077008 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This work presents a new sliding mode control strategy that integrates a Clegg integrator into a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) sliding surface to address controller saturation (windup) and chattering. The proposed controller was implemented on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to regulate the [...] Read more.

This work presents a new sliding mode control strategy that integrates a Clegg integrator into a Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) sliding surface to address controller saturation (windup) and chattering. The proposed controller was implemented on a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) to regulate the speed of a three-phase induction motor using a frequency inverter as the final control element. Conventional PID and sliding mode controllers (SMCs) were also implemented for performance comparison. This study included tests for sudden set-point changes and disturbances to evaluate the control strategies. The proposed controller demonstrated a faster response compared to the PID control and a smoother control action compared to the SMC. The results and conclusions discuss the advantages and limitations of the proposed control strategy in comparison to the conventional methods. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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12 pages, 2094 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Impact of Distributed Generation Integration on Protection Devices: A Case Study in the CIGRE European Medium Voltage Network

by Verónica Rosero-Morillo, Sebastián Salazar-Pérez, F. Gonzalez-Longatt, Eduardo Salazar, Le Nam Hai Pham and Eduardo Orduña

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 9; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077009 - 23 Sep 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 370

Abstract

This study examines the impact of Inverter-Based Distributed Generators (IIDGs) on short-circuit currents detected by the main relay at the head of a radial feeder. It highlights how changes in fault currents induced by these inverter technologies can significantly affect the effectiveness and [...] Read more.

This study examines the impact of Inverter-Based Distributed Generators (IIDGs) on short-circuit currents detected by the main relay at the head of a radial feeder. It highlights how changes in fault currents induced by these inverter technologies can significantly affect the effectiveness and reliability of network protection systems. Key variables, such as the level of IIDGs penetration and the relative location of faults with respect to the relay, have been identified as influential factors. The significance of these findings lies in their contribution to a deeper understanding of how inverter fault responses and the integration of IIDGs alter fault currents. To mitigate the adverse effects associated with the insertion of IIDGs, a fault-detection and tripping strategy based on the inverse-time overcurrent curve is proposed. The suggested strategies not only improve fault detection accuracy but also ensure an appropriate response to variations in network conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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11 pages, 4689 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Anxiety Detection Using Consumer Heart Rate Sensors

by Soraya Sinche, Jefferson Acán and Pablo Hidalgo

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 10; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077010 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Increasingly, humans are exposed to different activities at work, at home, and in general in their daily lives that generate episodes of stress. In many cases, these episodes could produce disorders in their health and reduce their quality of life. For this reason, [...] Read more.

Increasingly, humans are exposed to different activities at work, at home, and in general in their daily lives that generate episodes of stress. In many cases, these episodes could produce disorders in their health and reduce their quality of life. For this reason, it is crucial to implement mechanisms that can detect stress in individuals and develop applications that provide feedback through various activities to help reduce stress levels. Physiological parameters, such as galvanic skin response (GSR) and heart rate (HR) are indicative of stress-related changes. There exist methodologies that use wearable sensors to measure these stress levels. In this study, a sensor of blood volume pulse (BVP) and an electrocardiography (ECG) sensor were utilized to obtain metrics like heart rate variability (HRV) and pulse arrival time (PAT). Their features were extracted, processed, and analyzed for anxiety detection. The classification performance was evaluated using decision trees, a support vector machine (SVM), and meta-classifiers to accurately distinguish between “stressed” and “non-stressed” states. We obtained the best results with the SVM classifier using all the features. Additionally, we found that the ECG AD8232 sensor provided more reliable data compared to the photoplethysmography (PPG) signal obtained from the MAX30100 sensor. Therefore, the ECG is a more accurate tool for assessing emotional states related to stress and anxiety. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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9 pages, 4164 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Direction-of-Arrival (DOA) Estimation Based on Real Field Measurements and Modified Linear Regression

by Luis Antonio Flores, Ismael Lomas, Lenin Guachalá, Pablo Lupera-Morillo, Robin Álvarez and Ricardo Llugsi

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 11; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077011 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

This study applied modified linear regression in machine learning (ML) to predict the direction of arrival (DoA) in cellular networks using field measurements and radiofrequency parameters. Models were developed from base station data, with preprocessing for pattern identification and formula adjustments to improve [...] Read more.

This study applied modified linear regression in machine learning (ML) to predict the direction of arrival (DoA) in cellular networks using field measurements and radiofrequency parameters. Models were developed from base station data, with preprocessing for pattern identification and formula adjustments to improve the accuracy across angle ranges. Machine learning, tested here as an additional method to traditional techniques, achieved a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.63 to 17.93, demonstrating enhanced adaptability. While requiring substantial data and computational resources, this approach highlights machine learning’s potential as a valuable tool for DoA estimation in cellular networks. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 2485 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Energy Requirements for Massive Integration of Electric Buses in Ambato City, Ecuador

by Paola Quintana, Angélica Vaca Yánez, Henry Acurio, Sebastián Villacrés and Verónica Guayanlema

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077012 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

Ecuador’s Energy Efficiency Law mandates that “as of 2030, all vehicles incorporated into urban public transport services must be electric”. This legal framework sets the stage for the country’s transition to electric mobility. This research examines the energy requirements for transitioning Ambato’s public [...] Read more.

Ecuador’s Energy Efficiency Law mandates that “as of 2030, all vehicles incorporated into urban public transport services must be electric”. This legal framework sets the stage for the country’s transition to electric mobility. This research examines the energy requirements for transitioning Ambato’s public bus fleet to electric vehicles, considering various technical and operational factors. The analysis evaluates the current fleet size, the expected lifespan of buses, daily operational hours, average speed, and the specific characteristics of the city’s public transport routes. Furthermore, this study delves into the technical aspects of energy consumption in electric public transport by calculating the driving force necessary to operate buses across different terrains and routes. Factors such as bus weight, passenger load, road gradient, and acceleration patterns are analyzed to assess their impact on energy consumption and vehicle range. Additionally, this study investigates the potential for regenerative braking and the necessary charging infrastructure, offering a comprehensive assessment of how these systems would function within Ambato. By forecasting future vehicle requirements and projecting growth in urban mobility, this study estimates the total energy demand for a fully electric public bus fleet. The potential for integrating renewable energy sources into the city’s grid is also explored, ensuring that the transition to electric mobility not only decreases reliance on fossil fuels but also supports cleaner energy sources. This research serves as a crucial step in understanding the infrastructure and policy changes required for the successful implementation of electric public transport in Ambato and similar Ecuadorian cities. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 3332 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Cascade Control Based on Sliding Mode for Trajectory Tracking of Mobile Robot Formation

by Alejandro Camino, Andrés Villegas, Esteban Pérez, Richard López, Gabriela M. Andaluz and Paulo Leica

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077013 - 18 Nov 2024

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Abstract

An innovative cascade control strategy is presented in this work, based on sliding mode control (SMC) for trajectory tracking of the formation of mobile robots. The proposed strategy was compared with five alternative control approaches: PID control, inverse dynamics, and other SMC-based structures. [...] Read more.

An innovative cascade control strategy is presented in this work, based on sliding mode control (SMC) for trajectory tracking of the formation of mobile robots. The proposed strategy was compared with five alternative control approaches: PID control, inverse dynamics, and other SMC-based structures. The objective was to evaluate the most effective control technique by analyzing the integral of squared error (ISE) index. Additionally, robustness tests were carried out by varying the parameters of the dynamic model of the mobile robot and analyzing the response of the controllers to perturbations in the modeling. The results show that the PD-SMCV controller provides the best performance in trajectory tracking and robustness against disturbances, demonstrating significant superiority over the evaluated methods for maintaining a stable mobile robot formation under dynamic conditions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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11 pages, 2958 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Construction of a Controlled Solid-State Relay with Variable Duty Ratio for DOMOTIC Applications

by Jorge Medina, Kevin Barros, William Chamorro and Juan Ramírez

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 14; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077014 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 600

Abstract

This paper proposes the design and construction of the prototype of a solid-state relay (SSR) that is controlled remotely through an interface developed in an Android application using a WIFI connection. Likewise, the prototype has a system for measuring electrical variables such as [...] Read more.

This paper proposes the design and construction of the prototype of a solid-state relay (SSR) that is controlled remotely through an interface developed in an Android application using a WIFI connection. Likewise, the prototype has a system for measuring electrical variables such as voltage, current, and power factor, whose values are also visualized in the application for monitoring the system’s load. Experimental results demonstrate the effective control of various load profiles, including resistive and resistive–inductive loads. The SSR successfully regulates the firing angle of an electronic device called TRIAC, allowing precise control over the load. Key features include a network snubber and heatsink, enhancing the durability and reliability of the system. The main contribution of this work is the integration of IoT-based remote control and monitoring with a robust SSR design, offering enhanced functionality and reliability for domotic applications. This integration facilitates improved productivity, resource management, and equipment monitoring in smart home environments, addressing the current gap in the availability of intelligent SSR solutions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 1927 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

AI-Driven Vishing Attacks: A Practical Approach

by Fabricio Toapanta, Belén Rivadeneira, Christian Tipantuña and Danny Guamán

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077015 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1886

Abstract

Today, there are many security problems at the technological level, especially in telecommunications. Cybercriminals invade and steal data from any system using vector attacks such as phishing through scam mail, fake websites and phone calls. This latter form of phishing is called vishing [...] Read more.

Today, there are many security problems at the technological level, especially in telecommunications. Cybercriminals invade and steal data from any system using vector attacks such as phishing through scam mail, fake websites and phone calls. This latter form of phishing is called vishing (phishing using voice). Through vishing and using social engineering techniques, attackers can impersonate family members or friends of potential victims and obtain information or money or a specific target objective. Traditionally, to carry out vishing attacks, attackers imitated the vocabulary, voice and tone of a person known to the victim. However, with current artificial intelligence (AI) tools, obtaining synthetic voices similar or identical to the person to be impersonated is more straightforward and precise. In this regard, this paper, using ChatGPT and three AI-enabled applications for voice synthesis presents a practical approach for deploying vishing attacks in an academic environment to identify the limitations, implications and possible countermeasures to mitigate the effects on Internet users. Results demonstrate the effectiveness of vishing attacks, and the maturity level of the employed AI tools. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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8 pages, 1450 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Communication System Comparison of IoT Applications Using Custom-Designed Antennas: A Basic Experimental Study

by Marco Vinueza Bustamante, Jordan Guillén Arteaga, Carlos Yépez Vera, Aldrin Reyes Narváez and Hernan Barba Molina

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 16; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077016 - 4 Nov 2024

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Abstract

A comparative study of the performance of a communication system for IoT applications is presented. The experiment is based on the bit error rate, which is obtained by varying the distance between two transceiver modules, each attached to a microcontroller Arduino Uno. Four [...] Read more.

A comparative study of the performance of a communication system for IoT applications is presented. The experiment is based on the bit error rate, which is obtained by varying the distance between two transceiver modules, each attached to a microcontroller Arduino Uno. Four scenarios are considered for our experimentation. Each scenario is mainly characterized by interchanging radiator elements which are attached to the transceiver modules. For this, two antennas are designed and implemented: a modified shape-optimized Landstorfer Yagi-Uda antenna and a printed turnstile antenna. The measurements show good agreement, with simulations having gain values of about 9 dBi and 3 dBi for the quasi Yagi-Uda structure and the turnstile antenna, respectively. System performance tests are conducted to compare the performance of the commercial solution at various distances to custom-designed antennas. These tests aim to evaluate the improvement achieved using a new set of antennas. The key to this solution is the use of a high-directivity antenna for data transmission and a circular polarized omnidirectional antenna for reception, which shows an improvement of around 60% in terms of the bit error rate during data transmission compared to the pair of commercial antennas included in the RF module. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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12 pages, 8609 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Real-Time Cyber–Physical Power System Testbed for International Electrotechnical Commission 61850 Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event Transfer Time Measurements

by Le Nam Hai Pham, Veronica Rosero-Morillo, Anup Shukla, Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt and Viviana Meza-G

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077017 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 633

Abstract

Towards the decarbonisation of the power system, digital substations have gradually increased in smart grids, where Ethernet cables have replaced large quantities of copper wires. With this transition, the standardised communication protocols through the LAN network play a central role in exchanging information [...] Read more.

Towards the decarbonisation of the power system, digital substations have gradually increased in smart grids, where Ethernet cables have replaced large quantities of copper wires. With this transition, the standardised communication protocols through the LAN network play a central role in exchanging information and data between the physical power system and the control centres. One of the well-known protocols in the digital substations is IEC 61850 GOOSE (Generic Object-Oriented Substation Event), which is used to share time-critical information related to protection, automation, and control. The transmission time of this protocol affects power system operation and raises various issues, such as communication latencies and incorrect information. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the protocol transmission time for further protection and control mechanisms to ensure the stability and efficiency of the power system. For this purpose, this paper contributes the implementation of a cyber–physical power system (CPPS) testbed to measure the transfer time of IEC 61850 GOOSE under the real-time domain using the real-time simulator, Typhoon HIL, and its toolchains. This paper can benefit scholars and researchers in the relevant domains in implementing a CPPS testbed and an approach for transfer time measurement of communication protocols within the laboratory, eliminating the need for real-world substation devices. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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9 pages, 1873 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Development and Evaluation of Proportional-Derivative, Proportional-Derivative with Friction Compensation, Inverse-Dynamics, and Sliding-Mode Control Strategies for Trajectory-Tracking in Robotic Manipulators

by David Robles, Ney Medrano, Yuliana Chicay, Marjorie Pilatasig, Gabriela M. Andaluz and Paulo Leica

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 18; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077018 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 640

Abstract

In this paper, four control strategies are developed and evaluated for the trajectory-tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom SCARA-type robotic manipulator: (i) a proportional-derivative controller (PD), (ii) a proportional-derivative controller with friction compensation (PD + G), (iii) an inverse-dynamics controller and (iv) a sliding-mode controller [...] Read more.

In this paper, four control strategies are developed and evaluated for the trajectory-tracking of a two-degree-of-freedom SCARA-type robotic manipulator: (i) a proportional-derivative controller (PD), (ii) a proportional-derivative controller with friction compensation (PD + G), (iii) an inverse-dynamics controller and (iv) a sliding-mode controller with a dynamic model (SMCD). These controllers are implemented in a dynamic model of a manipulator robot, and their performance is assessed based on trajectory-tracking accuracy and robustness against disturbances. Robustness tests are conducted by varying the parameters of the dynamic model of the robot. The performance of each controller is analyzed using the Integral Squared Error (ISE) and the Integral of Time-weighted Squared Error (ITSE) indexes to compare their effectiveness. This study offers a comprehensive evaluation of each control strategy, demonstrating that the SMCD achieves the optimal balance between accuracy and disturbance robustness. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 4459 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

An Integrated System of Industrial Robotics and Machine Vision for the Automation of the Assembly and Packaging Process of Industrial Hinges

by Carlos Calderon-Cordova, David Castillo, José Fernandez, Roger Sarango and Raúl Castro

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 19; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077019 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 868

Abstract

The manufacturing, assembly, and packaging processes of industrial hinges must improve their productivity. To address this challenge, a technological system based on a robot arm and vision machine was developed, integrated, and evaluated. The devices that make up the hardware architecture are the [...] Read more.

The manufacturing, assembly, and packaging processes of industrial hinges must improve their productivity. To address this challenge, a technological system based on a robot arm and vision machine was developed, integrated, and evaluated. The devices that make up the hardware architecture are the following: the Epson VT6L six-degrees-of-freedom industrial robot arm, the Compact Vision CV2-HA image-processing device, the Basler acA1600-20gc camera, and the end effector based on 3 kg holding force electromagnets. The software elements used for the development of this automated system are the SPEL+ programming language and VisionGuide tool, both of which are integrated into the Epson RC+ robotic system development environment. For the performance evaluation of the hinges and packaging identification algorithms, 80 hinges of each type were used as input to the robotic system workstation. As a result, the following results were obtained: (1) the hinge identification algorithms were 100% correct, (2) the primary packaging identification algorithm was 100% correct, and (3) the hinge assembly algorithm was 92.5% correct because it had six errors. These results provide evidence of the effectiveness of the developed system. In addition, the motion times of the robot arm were analyzed in detail to identify opportunities for improving the automated production process. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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11 pages, 3264 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Energy Production Assessment of Intermittent Renewable Generation Projects from a Stochastic Perspective

by Nilo Quirola and Jaime Cepeda

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 20; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077020 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 481

Abstract

In response to Ecuador’s ongoing energy crisis, it is essential to explore solutions such as incorporating renewable energy projects into the system. This article presents a novel methodology to evaluate the energy impact of integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the operation of [...] Read more.

In response to Ecuador’s ongoing energy crisis, it is essential to explore solutions such as incorporating renewable energy projects into the system. This article presents a novel methodology to evaluate the energy impact of integrating intermittent renewable energy sources into the operation of power systems from a stochastic perspective, applied to the Yanahurcu wind farm project of 52.8 MW installed capacity. Using historical wind data from reanalysis databases, the wind resource is modeled using a Histogram-Based Gaussian Space Correlation Model. Afterwards, the wind farm modeling enables simulations to be run for a variety of case studies within SimSEE software, version 127.263. The results indicate that the methodology is effective, showing that the wind farm could match Ecuador’s current annual wind energy production. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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9 pages, 267 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Estimation of the Current Uncertainty in the Dielectric Shoe Test According to the ISO/IEC 17025 Standard in the High Voltage Laboratory LABAV of the Escuela Politécnica Nacional

by Juan D. Ramírez, Darwin Pozo, Edison Novoa, Jorge Medina, William O. Chamorro, Dolores V. Ramírez, Victoria Paca and Alex Valenzuela

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077021 - 7 Nov 2024

Viewed by 362

Abstract

The High Voltage Laboratory (LABAV) at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional conducts dielectric tests on safety shoes in accordance with the ASTM F2412-18 standard. Additionally, as per the NTE INEN ISO 17025 standard, the laboratory must estimate the uncertainty of its measurements. Despite the [...] Read more.

The High Voltage Laboratory (LABAV) at the Escuela Politécnica Nacional conducts dielectric tests on safety shoes in accordance with the ASTM F2412-18 standard. Additionally, as per the NTE INEN ISO 17025 standard, the laboratory must estimate the uncertainty of its measurements. Despite the scarcity of examples in the existing literature, this work provides a real-world example to assist other laboratories in replicating the uncertainty estimation process. In this article, we systematically present the calculation of leakage current uncertainty in shoes using both the traditional “Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement” (GUM) method and the Monte Carlo method (MCM) for validation. The results from both approaches yield a similar uncertainty value of u = 0.0733 mA. Finally, we highlight the advantages that the MCM method offers in this context. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 5042 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Influence of Optimal Charging Station Integration on Electric Power Distribution Grid: Case of Electric Bus-Based Transport System

by Daniel Orbe, Luis Salazar, Paúl Vásquez, William Chamorro and Jorge Medina

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077022 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 502

Abstract

Electric mobility is one of the main pillars of the global energy transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible model. Greenhouse gas emissions could be drastically reduced with electric mobility massification. Public transport systems represent the first step of this massification due [...] Read more.

Electric mobility is one of the main pillars of the global energy transition towards a more sustainable and environmentally responsible model. Greenhouse gas emissions could be drastically reduced with electric mobility massification. Public transport systems represent the first step of this massification due to government policies, but these electromobility projects should optimize their resources to be cost-effective. Furthermore, the implementation of charging stations could cause negative impacts on electrical distribution networks, which should be evaluated beforehand for the adequate planning of power grids. A methodology was developed and implemented herein for the technical and economic evaluation of electric bus-based transport systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 3587 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

On the Performance Comparison of Fuzzy-Based Obstacle Avoidance Algorithms for Mobile Robots

by José Zúñiga, William Chamorro, Jorge Medina, Pablo Proaño, Renato Díaz and César Chillán

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 23; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077023 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 736

Abstract

One of the critical challenges in mobile robotics is obstacle avoidance, ensuring safe navigation in dynamic environments. In this sense, this work presents a comparative study of two intelligent control approaches for mobile robot obstacle avoidance based on a fuzzy architecture. The first [...] Read more.

One of the critical challenges in mobile robotics is obstacle avoidance, ensuring safe navigation in dynamic environments. In this sense, this work presents a comparative study of two intelligent control approaches for mobile robot obstacle avoidance based on a fuzzy architecture. The first approach is a neuro-fuzzy interface that combines neural networks’ learning capabilities with fuzzy logic’s rule-based reasoning, offering a flexible and adaptable control strategy. The second is a classic Mamdani fuzzy system that relies on human-defined fuzzy rules, providing an intuitive approach to control. A key contribution of this work is the development of a fast comprehensive, model-based dataset for neural network training generated without the need for real sensor data. The results show the evaluation of these two systems’ performance, robustness, and computational efficiency using low-cost ultrasonic sensors on a Pioneer 3DX robot within the Coppelia Sim environment. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 1702 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimal Sizing of Hybrid Generation Systems (Photovoltaic System and Energy Storage System) for Off-Grid Applications

by Jaime Guamangallo, Jefferson Porras, Carlos Quinatoa, Jimmy Vaca and Luis Chiza

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077024 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 706

Abstract

This paper presents an optimal sizing strategy for a hybrid generation system combining photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems. To achieve this, the optimization problem is solved using the simplex method for linear programming, implemented through Python. The model considers test data on [...] Read more.

This paper presents an optimal sizing strategy for a hybrid generation system combining photovoltaic (PV) and energy storage systems. To achieve this, the optimization problem is solved using the simplex method for linear programming, implemented through Python. The model considers test data on electrical energy demand and solar irradiation, alongside battery operating conditions such as state of charge (SOC) and upper and lower charge limits as key decision variables. Conventional PV system sizing serves as a benchmark to assess the effectiveness of the optimization, with particular attention given to the computational resources required for problem solving.The results obtained from the optimization method demonstrate a substantial improvement in the utilization of energy resources, both from the photovoltaic system and the energy storage system. This approach enabled the design of an optimized system based on the proposed model, which was further refined using Matlab/Simulink. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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8 pages, 7090 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Optimal Load Shedding Scheme Considering the Dynamic Frequency Response

by Carlos Lozada, Walter Vargas, Nelson Granda and Marlon Chamba

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 25; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077025 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 572

Abstract

A power system is never in a steady state due to continuous load variations, disturbances, maneuvers, and the operation of protection systems. A generation deficit causes a frequency drop in the system that must be controlled. If this frequency deviation is not properly [...] Read more.

A power system is never in a steady state due to continuous load variations, disturbances, maneuvers, and the operation of protection systems. A generation deficit causes a frequency drop in the system that must be controlled. If this frequency deviation is not properly managed, it can result in the loss of synchronism between generators and, eventually, lead to a partial or even total system collapse. This article presents a load shedding scheme applied to the IEEE 39-bus New England system. The scheme considers an N-1 contingency space to evaluate the dynamic frequency response, aiming to determine the appropriate settings for low-frequency relays activated by the rate of change of frequency (ROCOF). Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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11 pages, 1076 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Directional Overcurrent Protection Design for Distribution Network: CIGRE European Medium-Voltage Benchmark Network

by Le Nam Hai Pham, Veronica Rosero-Morillo and Francisco Gonzalez-Longatt

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 26; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077026 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1138

Abstract

Overcurrent protection is a fundamental aspect of power system protection and is widely utilised in distribution networks. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the conventional power system has introduced operating challenges due to the variability in fault directions. As a [...] Read more.

Overcurrent protection is a fundamental aspect of power system protection and is widely utilised in distribution networks. The increasing integration of renewable energy sources (RESs) into the conventional power system has introduced operating challenges due to the variability in fault directions. As a result, protection engineers must not only adjust basic parameters such as pickup current or time delay, but also carefully evaluate the directional protection to align with specific protection objectives and the devices being protected. The complexity of considering multiple aspects in the protection system design can pose challenges for operators in configuring their settings. Therefore, it is necessary to have a systematic approach for protection system design. For this purpose, this paper proposes a methodology for protection system design focusing on directional overcurrent protection setting configuration with detailed implementation. A well-known distribution network, the CIGRE European (EU) medium-voltage (MV) benchmark network, is used to test and validate the proposed methodology with the support of DIgSILENT PowerFactory version 2023 SP1. This article provides a useful document for the configuration of overcurrent protection systems in order to prepare for the challenges arising from the high integration of RESs in the future grid. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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8 pages, 3081 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

The Analysis of Service Convergence in an Optical Access Network

by Erick Cifuentes, David Mosquera, Christian Tipantuña, Berenice Arguero and Germán V. Arevalo

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077027 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 470

Abstract

In recent years, the increasing number of internet-connected devices has exceeded the capacity of fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks, leading to the development of fifth-generation (5G) technology, designed to offer higher speeds, greater bandwidth, and lower latency. In this context, this study evaluated Universal [...] Read more.

In recent years, the increasing number of internet-connected devices has exceeded the capacity of fourth-generation (4G) cellular networks, leading to the development of fifth-generation (5G) technology, designed to offer higher speeds, greater bandwidth, and lower latency. In this context, this study evaluated Universal Filtered Multi-Carrier (UFMC) and Generalized Frequency Division Multiplexing (GFDM) techniques, implementing them in a radio-over-fiber (RoF) system and a Next-Generation Radio Access Network (NG-RAN) fronthaul link, and compared the results using communication quality metrics such as bit error rate (BER). Additionally, through signal generation and processing in Matlab, the performance of UFMC and LTE signals was analyzed, confirming that simultaneous transmission over an RoF channel allows for efficient signal separation in the frequency domain, with the UFMC giving power to LTE. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 5408 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Comprehensive Evaluation of LoRaWAN Technology in Urban and Rural Environments of Quito

by Ricardo Mena, Mario Ramos, Luis Urquiza and José D. Vega-Sánchez

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077028 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 645

Abstract

The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) protocol is one of the most effective technologies for internet of things (IoT) applications, offering long-distance connectivity with low power consumption. This paper presents a practical approach by implementing a LoRa-based measurement prototype across urban and rural [...] Read more.

The long-range wide area network (LoRaWAN) protocol is one of the most effective technologies for internet of things (IoT) applications, offering long-distance connectivity with low power consumption. This paper presents a practical approach by implementing a LoRa-based measurement prototype across urban and rural environments in the city of Quito, with the aim of assessing the performance and applicability of the technology in manifold settings. Specifically, we develop the required data collection and transmission code in the underlying network, ensuring smooth network integration. Furthermore, test environments are thoroughly characterized for numerical results, highlighting the conditions in the cities of Quito. The results obtained in both scenarios were satisfactory, allowing the comparison of the system’s performance in different contexts and providing key aspects of its practical applications and effectiveness. As the main contribution, empirical data were obtained to understand how long-range low-energy connectivity behaves, providing valuable information for comparing system performance in high-altitude cities above sea level, identifying practical applications, and optimizing its use in real IoT implementations. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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13 pages, 6430 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Detection of Non-Technical Losses in Special Customers with Telemetering, Based on Artificial Intelligence

by José Luis Llagua Arévalo and Patricio Antonio Pesántez Sarmiento

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 29; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077029 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 467

Abstract

The Ecuadorian electricity sector, until April 2024, presented losses of 15.64% (6.6% technical and 9.04% non-technical), so it is important to detect the areas that potentially sub-register energy in order to reduce Non-Technical Losses (NTLs). The “Empresa Eléctrica de Ambato Sociedad Anónima” (EEASA), [...] Read more.

The Ecuadorian electricity sector, until April 2024, presented losses of 15.64% (6.6% technical and 9.04% non-technical), so it is important to detect the areas that potentially sub-register energy in order to reduce Non-Technical Losses (NTLs). The “Empresa Eléctrica de Ambato Sociedad Anónima” (EEASA), as a distribution company, has, to reduce NTLs, incorporated many smart meters in special clients, generating a large amount of data that are stored. This historical information is analyzed to detect anomalous consumption that is not easily recognized and is a significant part of the NTLs. The use of machine learning with appropriate clustering techniques and deep learning neural networks work together to detect abnormal curves that record lower readings than the real energy consumption. The developed methodology uses three k-means validation indices to classify daily energy curves based on the days of the week and holidays that present similar behaviors in terms of energy consumption. The developed algorithm groups similar consumption patterns as input data sets for learning, testing, and validating the densely connected classification neural network, allowing for the identification of daily curves described by customers. The results obtained from the system detected customers who sub-register energy. It is worth mentioning that this methodology is replicable for distribution companies that store historical consumption data with Advanced Measurement Infrastructure (AMI) systems. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 1622 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Analysis of Conventional Direct Detection and Coherent Optical Receivers in Optical Access Networks

by Johanna Berenice Arguero Tello, Milton N. Tipán, Germán V. Arévalo and Christian Tipantuña

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077030 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 1009

Abstract

This study evaluated the use of GFDM transmission in passive optical networks (PONs) by comparing the performance of coherent and non-coherent optical receivers using OptSim 2023.12sp2 and Matlab 2018b ^®. The study concentrated on transmitting 10 Gb/s radio frequency signals over optical [...] Read more.

This study evaluated the use of GFDM transmission in passive optical networks (PONs) by comparing the performance of coherent and non-coherent optical receivers using OptSim 2023.12sp2 and Matlab 2018b ^®. The study concentrated on transmitting 10 Gb/s radio frequency signals over optical fiber, emphasizing the significance of high-speed fronthaul links for 5G networks. The findings demonstrated that coherent detection markedly enhances receiver sensitivity by approximately 3 dB compared to direct detection, thereby augmenting the capacity of optical fronthaul networks despite the elevated cost. Additionally, the study recommended investigating pre- and post-compensation techniques to mitigate signal dispersion in optical fibers for further performance optimization. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 3003 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Design and Construction of Inductive Compensation for Extra-High-Voltage Transmission Line Models of Physical Laboratory of Electric Power Systems

by Anderson Anrrango Delgado, Anghelo Navarrete Cumbal and Jesús Játiva Ibarra

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 31; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077031 - 18 Nov 2024

Viewed by 510

Abstract

The implementation of inductive compensation in the two-scale models of the extra-high-voltage transmission line, without and with transposition, of the Physical Laboratory of Electric Power Systems (PLEPS) is presented. As they have voltages above the normal operating range, for a situation like that [...] Read more.

The implementation of inductive compensation in the two-scale models of the extra-high-voltage transmission line, without and with transposition, of the Physical Laboratory of Electric Power Systems (PLEPS) is presented. As they have voltages above the normal operating range, for a situation like that of the real 500 kV Coca Codo Sinclair–El Inga lines in Ecuador, the problem was solved by incorporating parallel inductive reactors located at the ends of the lines. The fixed bus compensation used was carried out by means of three-phase inductors in star connection with neutral-to-ground voltage and built-in iron cores with pitches of 50, 75 and 100% of the design capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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11 pages, 1230 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Machine Learning G-Code Optimization

by Héctor Lasluisa-Naranjo, David Rivas-Lalaleo, Joaquín Vaquero-López and Christian Cruz-Moposita

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 32; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077032 - 18 Nov 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1154

Abstract

G-codes are essential in CNC systems, providing crucial instructions for controlling machine parameters and operations in manufacturing, including 3D printing. They may contain errors affecting product quality and increasing resource consumption. This research applies the K-means machine learning clustering algorithm to optimize G-code [...] Read more.

G-codes are essential in CNC systems, providing crucial instructions for controlling machine parameters and operations in manufacturing, including 3D printing. They may contain errors affecting product quality and increasing resource consumption. This research applies the K-means machine learning clustering algorithm to optimize G-code parameters such as extruder and heated bed temperature, deposition speed, and flow control. The objective is to reduce manufacturing time and material usage while maintaining surface quality. A line-by-line analysis and rewriting of the G-code resulted in an average 24.36% reduction in time and 5% in material use, with minimal impact on quality, validated with the Taguchi method. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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10 pages, 558 KiB

Open AccessProceeding Paper

Application of Multi-Agent Systems: Modeling of Interacting Tanks

by Silvana Gamboa and Jackeline Abad Torres

Eng. Proc. 2024, 77(1), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/engproc2024077033 - 20 Nov 2024

Viewed by 778

Abstract

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to modeling interacting tanks as a multi-agent system. The primary goal is to develop a model that considers the dynamics of each agent and their interconnection so that the behavior of the whole system can be inferred [...] Read more.

This paper presents a comprehensive approach to modeling interacting tanks as a multi-agent system. The primary goal is to develop a model that considers the dynamics of each agent and their interconnection so that the behavior of the whole system can be inferred from their coupling via graph theory, spectral graph theory and control systems. Given the tools used to model the system, not only is the proposed model scalable to n agents/tanks, but it also considers any configuration among them. Full article

(This article belongs to the Proceedings of The XXXII Conference on Electrical and Electronic Engineering)

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