- Brief Report
Use of Ethanol Injections to Create a Complete Atrioventricular Block in a Rat Model
- Abdelmotagaly Elgalad,
- Ahmed E. Hanafy,
- Angel Moctezuma-Ramirez,
- Allison Post,
- Mathews John,
- Yutao Xi and
- Mehdi Razavi
Complete atrioventricular block (AVB) is an abnormal heart rhythm resulting from a defect in the cardiac conduction system. Patients with complete AVB are at risk of symptoms ranging from syncope or hypotension to cardiovascular collapse or sudden ca...

