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Article

Assessment of Biomethane Potential from Waste Activated Sludge in Swine Wastewater Treatment and Its Co-Digestion with Swine Slurry, Water Lily, and Lotus

by
Sartika Indah Amalia Sudiarto
1,2,
Hong Lim Choi
2,3,*,
Anriansyah Renggaman
1,2 and
Arumuganainar Suresh
2
1
School of Life Science and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia
2
Research Center for Circular Agro-Animal Farming (ReCAF), Seoul 08800, Republic of Korea
3
Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
AgriEngineering 2025, 7(8), 254; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080254 (registering DOI)
Submission received: 30 June 2025 / Revised: 1 August 2025 / Accepted: 4 August 2025 / Published: 7 August 2025
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Bioresource and Bioprocess Engineering)

Abstract

Waste activated sludge (WAS), a byproduct of livestock wastewater treatment, poses significant disposal challenges due to its low biodegradability and potential environmental impact. Anaerobic digestion (AD) offers a sustainable approach for methane recovery and sludge stabilization. This study evaluates the biomethane potential (BMP) of WAS and its co-digestion with swine slurry (SS), water lily (Nymphaea spp.), and lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) shoot biomass to enhance methane yield. Batch BMP assays were conducted at substrate-to-inoculum (S/I) ratios of 1.0 and 0.5, with methane production kinetics analyzed using the modified Gompertz model. Mono-digestion of WAS yielded 259.35–460.88 NmL CH4/g VSadded, while co-digestion with SS, water lily, and lotus increased yields by 14.89%, 10.97%, and 16.89%, respectively, surpassing 500 NmL CH4/g VSadded. All co-digestion combinations exhibited synergistic effects (α > 1), enhancing methane production beyond individual substrate contributions. Lower S/I ratios improved methane yields and biodegradability, highlighting the role of inoculum availability. Co-digestion reduced the lag phase limitations of WAS and plant biomass, improving process efficiency. These findings demonstrate that co-digesting WAS with nutrient-rich co-substrates optimizes biogas production, supporting sustainable sludge management and renewable energy recovery in livestock wastewater treatment systems.
Keywords: anaerobic digestion; biomethane potential; co-digestion; biogas production; phytoremediation; nutrient recovery; synergistic effect anaerobic digestion; biomethane potential; co-digestion; biogas production; phytoremediation; nutrient recovery; synergistic effect

Share and Cite

MDPI and ACS Style

Sudiarto, S.I.A.; Choi, H.L.; Renggaman, A.; Suresh, A. Assessment of Biomethane Potential from Waste Activated Sludge in Swine Wastewater Treatment and Its Co-Digestion with Swine Slurry, Water Lily, and Lotus. AgriEngineering 2025, 7, 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080254

AMA Style

Sudiarto SIA, Choi HL, Renggaman A, Suresh A. Assessment of Biomethane Potential from Waste Activated Sludge in Swine Wastewater Treatment and Its Co-Digestion with Swine Slurry, Water Lily, and Lotus. AgriEngineering. 2025; 7(8):254. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080254

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sudiarto, Sartika Indah Amalia, Hong Lim Choi, Anriansyah Renggaman, and Arumuganainar Suresh. 2025. "Assessment of Biomethane Potential from Waste Activated Sludge in Swine Wastewater Treatment and Its Co-Digestion with Swine Slurry, Water Lily, and Lotus" AgriEngineering 7, no. 8: 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080254

APA Style

Sudiarto, S. I. A., Choi, H. L., Renggaman, A., & Suresh, A. (2025). Assessment of Biomethane Potential from Waste Activated Sludge in Swine Wastewater Treatment and Its Co-Digestion with Swine Slurry, Water Lily, and Lotus. AgriEngineering, 7(8), 254. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriengineering7080254

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