The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Proadrenomedullin in Children with Serious Bacterial Infections
2.2. Neonatal Sepsis
2.3. Pneumonia
2.4. Acute Abdominal Pain
2.5. Urinary Tract Infection
2.6. Neutropenic Fever in Oncologic Children
3. Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | Type of Study | Study Population | Main Results/Conclusions |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hagag | 2010 | Case control study | 40 term neonates with sepsis and 20 healthy matched neonates. | Serum ProADM levels were higher in neonates with sepsis than in the control group, in severe sepsis and in non-survivors [5]. |
Cao | 2011 | Prospective observational study | 356 neonates | Compared with CRP, MR-ProADM was more sensitive, but less specific, in the diagnosis of sepsis. MR-ProADM might become a new diagnostic markers for neonatal infection [6]. |
Miguel | 2011 | Prospective observational study | 267 at term newborns | Identification of cord blood MR-ProADM cut-off value of 0.84 nmol/l for infection [7] |
Sanchez | 2012 | Prospective observational study | 50 hospitalized children with CAP | ProADM levels were related to the development of CAP complications during hospitalization [8]. |
Admaty | 2012 | Prospective cross-sectional study | 328 newborns with a gestational age between 24 and 41 weeks. | MR-ProADM concentrations were physiologically elevated in neonates, especially in those born very preterm. Early onset sepsis was also related to increased MR-ProADM concentrations [9]. |
Oncel | 2012 | Prospective observational study | 76 newborns with neonatal sepsis and 52 healthy controls | ProADM had high sensitivity and specificity, especially in combination with other acute-phase reactants, for the diagnosis and follow-up of neonatal sepsis [10]. |
Benito | 2013 | Multicentre prospective study | 1035 febrile infants less than 36 months of age | MR-ProADM had lower diagnostic accuracy in estimating the severity of infection compared to CRP or PCT [11]. |
Rey | 2013 | Prospective observational study | 254 children admitted to paediatric intensive care units | In critically ill children, high levels of MR-ProADM were associated with increased prediction of mortality [12] |
Jordan | 2014 | Prospective observational study | 95 septic children | MR-ProADM levels were a good indicator of disease severity and had a better reliability than PCT and CRP for predicting in-hospital mortality [13]. |
Alcoba | 2015 | Prospective cohort study | 88 children aged 0 to 16 years presenting to the paediatric emergency with CAP | ProADM seemed a reliable predictor for complicated CAP, but was similar to CRP in sensitivity and specificity [14]. |
Mìguez | 2016 | Single-centre prospective observational study | 136 children with suspected acute appendicitis | MR-ProADM was not helpful in the early diagnosis of AA. The combination of low CRP and low MR-ProADM levels was useful for the identification of children with a low risk of AA [15]. |
Esposito | 2016 | Prospective multicentre study | 433 otherwise healthy children hospitalized for radiologically confirmed CAP | In children with CAP, MR-ProADM blood levels poorly differentiated bacterial from viral diseases or severe from mild cases [16]. |
Oikonomopoulou | 2018 | Prospective, observational, multicentre study conducted in 6 paediatric emergency departments. | 285 children with suspected AA | Children with AA, especially if complicated, had higher ProADM values than children with non infectious abdominal pain. The combination of low values of ProADM and CRP was useful to select children with low risk of AA [17]. |
Korkmaz | 2018 | Prospective observational study | 66 hospitalized children with CAP | Serum ProADM and IL-1β levels were useful for risk/severity stratification in children with CAP and also in predicting the development of complications, requirements for intensive care unit admission, and invasive procedures [18]. |
Kannan | 2018 | Cross-sectional study | 54 neonates with clinical sepsis and positive sepsis screen and 54 healthy controls. | ProADM was useful as a single biomarker for detecting neonatal sepsis, predicting clinical outcome and prognosis [19]. |
Fahmey | 2018 | Prospective study | 60 newborns with proven sepsis and 30 healthy neonates. | ProADM was a reliable biomarker for neonatal sepsis. High ProADM levels were associated with mortality and were an early indicator of disease outcome [20] |
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Garazzino, S.; Altieri, E.; Denina, M. The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review. Reports 2019, 2, 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2030017
Garazzino S, Altieri E, Denina M. The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review. Reports. 2019; 2(3):17. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2030017
Chicago/Turabian StyleGarazzino, Silvia, Elena Altieri, and Marco Denina. 2019. "The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review" Reports 2, no. 3: 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2030017
APA StyleGarazzino, S., Altieri, E., & Denina, M. (2019). The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review. Reports, 2(3), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2030017