Case Reports in Infectious Diseases

A special issue of Reports (ISSN 2571-841X).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 8195

Special Issue Editor

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has become a major problem all over the world. As the global population continues to grow, so too will vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and those with immunodeficiencies, who have increased susceptibility to infectious agents. Furthermore, intense natural disasters, such as strong typhoons, floods, and landslides, have been on the rise worldwide. At the same time, risks linked to natural disasters, including global warming, population growth, and detrimental human activities, have also increased sharply in recent years. Zoonosis is also spreading all over the world due to environmental changes that have emerged in regions impacted by deforestation or with limited resources. Therefore, there is an urgent need for easy, quick, and accurate diagnostics of infectious diseases. In this Issue, we describe cases of infectious diseases that are occurring globally in the world to understand the true face of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases. Development of biomarkers or POCT for rapid diagnosis are also welcome.

Prof. Dr. Toshio Hattori
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • Nucleic acid (DNA/RNA) detection
  • Immune detection
  • PCR
  • LAMP
  • Lateral flow
  • STH-PAS

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Review

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9 pages, 241 KiB  
Review
The Role of Pro-Adrenomedullin as a Marker of Severe Bacterial Infection in Children: A Review
by Silvia Garazzino, Elena Altieri and Marco Denina
Reports 2019, 2(3), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2030017 - 8 Jul 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3330
Abstract
Sepsis is still related to high mortality and hospitalization rates in the paediatric population despite medical progress. Prompt recognition of sepsis and consequent initiation of an appropriate treatment are essential elements in securing a positive outcome in adults and children. In such scenario, [...] Read more.
Sepsis is still related to high mortality and hospitalization rates in the paediatric population despite medical progress. Prompt recognition of sepsis and consequent initiation of an appropriate treatment are essential elements in securing a positive outcome in adults and children. In such scenario, various biomarkers have been studied to support the clinician in the diagnosis of severe infections, in the identification of patients at risk of progression towards sepsis as well as in the evaluation of the response to treatment. In children, the performance of C-reactive protein and procalcitonin has been largely investigated, whereas data on newer biomarkers of sepsis are scant. The aim of the present review is to summarise the available data on the use of pro-adrenomedullin in the paediatric age. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Infectious Diseases)

Other

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6 pages, 738 KiB  
Case Report
Rapid Decline of IFN-γ Spot-Forming Cells in Pleural Lymphocytes during Treatment in a Patient with Suspected Tuberculosis Pleurisy
by Osamu Usami, Haorile Chagan Yasutan, Toshio Hattori and Yugo Ashino
Reports 2019, 2(4), 27; https://doi.org/10.3390/reports2040027 - 18 Nov 2019
Viewed by 2848
Abstract
A differential diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy is often difficult. A 48-year-old Japanese man with no previous medical history visited the outpatient department for dyspnea and fever. His chest-XP and laboratory findings, especially high C-reactive protein levels, indicated pleuritis with pleural effusion. Pleural lymphocytes [...] Read more.
A differential diagnosis of tuberculosis pleurisy is often difficult. A 48-year-old Japanese man with no previous medical history visited the outpatient department for dyspnea and fever. His chest-XP and laboratory findings, especially high C-reactive protein levels, indicated pleuritis with pleural effusion. Pleural lymphocytes showed high numbers of spot forming responses in interferon gamma release assay (IGRA). Pleural effusion contained high levels of adenosine deaminase and hyaluronic acid, but no Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) antigen was detected by culture or polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Although the infectious agent was not detected, the clinical and laboratory findings strongly suggested that he was suffering from tuberculosis pleurisy. After treatment with anti-TB drugs, a rapid decline of spot-forming cells (SFCs) of pleural lymphocyte was observed, despite persistently high levels of other biomarkers and increased pleural lymphocytes. This case demonstrates that an IGRA of pleural lymphocytes would be useful for therapeutic diagnosis for TB pleurisy suspected for TB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Case Reports in Infectious Diseases)
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