Ocular and Orbital Injury in All-Terrain Vehicles: A Literature Review
1
Institute of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Rutgers—New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07101, USA
2
Department of Ophthalmology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Raphael Grzebieta
Safety 2016, 2(4), 24; https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040024
Received: 3 November 2015
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Revised: 12 October 2016
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Accepted: 17 October 2016
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Published: 26 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue All-Terrain (ATVs, Quad Bikes) and Off-Highway (ROVs, UTVs, SSVs, LSVs, LUVs, MUVs, XUVs) Vehicle Safety)
Purpose: To review primary literature on ocular and orbital injury secondary to all-terrain vehicles (ATVs). Methods: A Medline search of English language literature. Results: Very few studies detail ocular and orbital manifestations of ATV crashes. The most common ocular injuries included orbital fractures and eyelid lacerations. Less common but more severe injuries included traumatic optic neuropathy, retinal detachment, optic nerve laceration, and ruptured globe. Associated facial and skull bone fractures, traumatic brain injury, and subdural/subarachnoid hemorrhage were not uncommon. Depending on the mechanism and force of injury, complete loss of vision has been documented. Conclusion: Ocular and orbital trauma can be found in many cases of ATV-related injury. Various interventions may decrease the frequency of such injuries, including use of head and eye protection.
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Keywords:
all-terrain vehicle; ocular injury; orbital injury
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Crane, E.S.; Kolomeyer, A.M.; Eller, A.W. Ocular and Orbital Injury in All-Terrain Vehicles: A Literature Review. Safety 2016, 2, 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040024
AMA Style
Crane ES, Kolomeyer AM, Eller AW. Ocular and Orbital Injury in All-Terrain Vehicles: A Literature Review. Safety. 2016; 2(4):24. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040024
Chicago/Turabian StyleCrane, Elliot S., Anton M. Kolomeyer, and Andrew W. Eller. 2016. "Ocular and Orbital Injury in All-Terrain Vehicles: A Literature Review" Safety 2, no. 4: 24. https://doi.org/10.3390/safety2040024
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